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Errors in Cephalometry
1. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial
Orthopaedics
Under the Guidance of:
Dr. Mridula Trehan
Professor and Head of
the Department
Presented by:
Dr. Deeksha Bhanotia
PG II Year
4. • However due to use of traditional methods the use of this
method is questionable.
Textbook of Radiographic Cephalometry by Alexander Jacobson Ed 2; 15-25
8. questioned the scientific validity of such analysis.
Textbook of Radiographic Cephalometry by Alexander Jacobson Ed 2; 15-25
9. Graber T.M. & Vanarsadall R.L. Text book of Orthodontic Current Principals & Tech; 4th ed, 144-56
10. Graber T.M. & Vanarsadall R.L. Text book of Orthodontic Current Principals & Tech; 4th ed, 144-56
11. and true distances in the object.
Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
45. Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
46. internal orientation error is introduced.
Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
47. Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
48. Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
49. Baumrind et al- The reliability of head film measurement 1.landmark identification -AJO;1971;60;2 4) Steiner.C; Cephalometrics for you & me; AJO-1953,39;10
55. reduce magnification of the dental structures.
Salzmann.J.A; Limitations of roentgenographic ceph's;AJO:1964;50:3
56. (A) than will be the case at position (B).
Textbook of Radiographic Cephalometry by Alexander Jacobson Ed 2; 14-22
57. mandible.
Richardson A; An investigation in to the reproducibility of some points, planes & lines used in ceph analysis - AJO;1966;52;9
58. Richardson A; An investigation in to the reproducibility of some points, planes & lines used in ceph analysis - AJO;1966;52;9
59. Richardson A; An investigation in to the reproducibility of some points, planes & lines used in ceph analysis - AJO;1966;52;9
60. possible misalignments of the patient.
Richardson A; An investigation in to the reproducibility of some points, planes & lines used in ceph analysis - AJO;1966;52;9
61. focal spot or towards the film.
Richardson A; An investigation in to the reproducibility of some points, planes & lines used in ceph analysis - AJO;1966;52;9
62.
63. Ahlqvist et al; The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements-EJO; 1986;8;141-148
64. density and sharpness.
Ahlqvist et al; The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements-EJO; 1986;8;141-148
65. landmarks.
Ahlqvist et al; The effect of projection errors on cephalometric length measurements-EJO; 1986;8;141-148
68. Trpkova B. et al-Cephalometric landmarks identification & reproducibility;A meta analysis -AJO-DO;1997;112;165-70
69. Trpkova B. et al-Cephalometric landmarks identification & reproducibility;A meta analysis -AJO-DO;1997;112;165-70
70.
71. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983;83;5
72. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983;83;5
73. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983;83;5
74. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983;83;5
75. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983
76. Houston W.J.- the analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements- AJO;1983;83;5
77.
78. measurements with clinical findings.
Trpkova B. et al-Cephalometric landmarks identification & reproducibility;A meta analysis -AJO-DO;1997;112;165-70
79. Trpkova B. et al-Cephalometric landmarks identification & reproducibility;A meta analysis -AJO-DO;1997;112;165-70
80. Trpkova B. et al-Cephalometric landmarks identification & reproducibility;A meta analysis -AJO-DO;1997;112;165-70
81. Midtgard. J- et al; Reproducibility of cephalometric landmark errors of measurements of
cephalometric cranial distances- Ang Ortho; 1974;44:56-61
82. Midtgard. J- et al; Reproducibility of cephalometric landmark errors of measurements of
cephalometric cranial distances- Ang Ortho; 1974;44:56-61
83. Midtgard. J- et al; Reproducibility of cephalometric landmark errors of measurements of
cephalometric cranial distances- Ang Ortho; 1974;44:56-61
84.
85. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
86. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
87. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
88. Major. P et al- landmark identification error in P-A ceph-Ang.Ortho;1994;64;6
89. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
90. Tremont T.J. An investigation of the variability b/w the optic plane & frank fort horizontal -AJO-DO;1980;Aug;192-200
91. Tremont T.J. An investigation of the variability b/w the optic plane & frank fort horizontal -AJO-DO;1980;Aug;192-200
92. Tremont T.J. An investigation of the variability b/w the optic plane & frank fort horizontal -AJO-DO;1980;Aug;192-200
93. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
94. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
95. Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
96. positive).
Lundstrom A et al- The frankfort horizontal as a basis for cephalometric analysis-AJO-DO; 1995; May;537-540
97.
98. Major. P et al- landmark identification error in P-A ceph-Ang.Ortho;1994;64;6
99. Major. P et al- landmark identification error in P-A ceph-Ang.Ortho;1994;64;6
100. Major. P et al- landmark identification error in P-A ceph-Ang.Ortho;1994;64;6
150. Forsyth.D.B et al.- digital imaging of cephalometric radiography. Part 1: advantages and limitations of digital imaging -AO-1996;66;1
151. Forsyth.D.B et al.- digital imaging of cephalometric radiography. Part 1: advantages and limitations of digital imaging -AO-1996;66;1
152. Forsyth.D.B et al.- digital imaging of cephalometric radiography. Part 1: advantages and limitations of digital imaging -AO-1996;66;1
153. number of gray levels that make up the image.
Forsyth.D.B et al.- digital imaging of cephalometric radiography. Part 1: advantages and limitations of digital imaging -AO-1996;66;1
