Presentation by Gianpaolo Coro delivered at the 1st eROSA Stakeholder Workshop in Montpellier, 6/7/2017

1. EOSC Architecture
Gianpaolo Coro
ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy
gianpaolo.coro@isti.cnr.it
On behalf of Donatella Castelli

2. A new approach to the scientific process based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing knowledge by
using digital technologies and new collaborative tools [that goes] towards sharing and using all available
knowledge at an earlier stage in the research process.
 Open Science has an impact on the entire research cycle, from the
inception of research to its publication, and on how this cycle is organised.
 Open Science is expected to deal with scientific knowledge of all
kinds: journal articles, data, code, online software tools, questions,
ideas, and speculations; anything which can be considered
knowledge.
Open Science
European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
(2016) Open innovation, open science, open to the world - A vision for
Europe. European Commission Doi: 10.2777/061652
Each step in the scientific process is linked to ongoing changes brought
about by Open Science.
Crucial points:
Carlos Moedas,
European Commissioner for Research,
Science and Innovation

3. European Open Science Cloud
Main goals:
1. Developing Research e-Infrastructures for Open Science
2. Improve data hosting, access and governance in a common “Cloud”
3. Build federated, globally accessible environments where researchers, innovators, companies and
citizens can publish, find and re-use data and tools for research, innovation and educational
purposes
4. Enabling trusted access to services, systems and the re-use of shared scientific data across
disciplinary, social and geographical borders
5. Build a federated environment based on existing and emerging capacity and expertise in the
Member States: lightweight international guidance and governance and a large degree of freedom
regarding practical implementation

4. EOSC – a System of Systems
EOSC will be:
 An Open Science facilitator, equipped with services
dedicated to the enactment and promotion of Open Science
practices
 An Open and Evolving System of Systems, connecting
existing and forthcoming “systems” (e-Infrastructures,
Research Infrastructures, private/public service providers, etc.)
 Constituent systems are service suppliers and/or service
providers.
 EOSC will deliver its facilities as-a-Service. These services may offer Application-as-a-Service, Data-as-a-Service,
Platform-as-a-Service, and Infrastructure-as-a-Service.
 Services should manage “research artifacts”, e.g. papers, datasets, software/tools,
workflows/protocols/notebooks
 EOSC will operate the support of policies, processes, and procedures promoting various levels-of-
engagement for service suppliers and providers

5. Characterization of a System-of-Systems
1. Operational Independence: if the system-of-systems is disassembled into its component systems the
component systems must be able to usefully operate independently.
2. Managerial Independence: the component systems are separately acquired and integrated but maintain a
continuing operational existence independent of the system-of-systems.
3. Evolutionary Development: its development and existence is evolutionary with functions and purposes added,
removed, and modified with experience.
4. Emergent Behaviour: The system performs functions and carries out purposes that do not reside in any
component system. These behaviours are emergent properties of the entire system-of-systems .
5. Geographic Distribution: The geographic extent of the component systems is “large”; the components can
readily exchange only information and not substantial quantities of mass or energy.
6. Directed: fulfils specific purposes and it is centrally managed during long term operation.
7. Collaborative: the central management organization does not have coercive power to run the system, but the
component systems must collaborate for the common purpose.
8. Virtual: the super-system relies upon relatively invisible mechanisms to maintain it.

6. EOSC Services Categories
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): facilities for creating, monitoring and accessing virtual machines (compute,
storage, networking);
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): facilities for creating, monitoring, and accessing platform services; i.e. (virtual)
machines equipped with a framework supporting the development and customisation of an application;
 Software as a Service (SaaS): facilities for creating, monitoring, and accessing “applications”, i.e. instances of
“software systems”;
 Container as a Service (CaaS): facilities for creating, monitoring, and accessing containers; i.e. (virtual)
machines equipped with software hosting and deployment capabilities);
 Data as a Service (DaaS): facilities for storing and accessing data managed by an instance of a software system
operated on a (virtual) machine;
 Application as a Service (AaaS): facilities for accessing a configured “application”, i.e. a running compound of
data and business logic intended to deliver a specific behaviour and realised by a software system operated on a
(virtual) machine;
 Knowledge as a Service (KaaS): facilities for accessing wisdom/knowledge, i.e. a human-driven consulting
facility offered with ICT support;

7. EOSC Architecture
Classes of Services:
 Services enacting Open Science: the collaborative
production, publication and consumption of
“research artifacts“ in accordance with
established policies and licences;
 Services for the development and delivery of
Open Science services: primarily IaaS, CaaS and
PaaS layers. They are primarily oriented to serve
“other” EOSC than researchers and citizen
scientists;
 Services enabling the development and
operation of the EOSC system: support the
development and operation of EOSC as a system
of systems. Used by service providers and service
consumers.

8. EOSC Meeting – 14-15 Sept. 2017, Pisa, Italy
Objectives:
 Propose the architecture
 Receive feedback from the
participants

9. Unified Resource Space
Powered by gCube
Enables
Integrates
D4Science.org Infrastructure
WPS
Variety/Veracity Volume
Velocity/
Variability
1. External Systems:
• Storage
• Computations
• Data services
2. Integration services:
• Manage external systems
• Harmonise data
• Host data and processes
• Support adaptability
3. Infrastructure resources:
• Manage security
• Expose Integration services
• Support information
exchange between services
Data Computational
Infrastructures
Computational
Services
An implementation of a System-of-Systems
Towards EOSC: the D4Science e-Infrastructure
www.d4science.org

10. D4Science Architecture
Mediators / Adapters
Data Analytics Services Data Space Services
Infrastructures and Service Providers
Collaborative Services Core Services
Resources Mgr
Catalogue
HN
AAA
VRE Mgr
Social Networking Workspace Users Mgmt
Standard based (e.g. CWS)Ad-hoc mediators
Search
Access
Storage
Dashboard
Algorithms
Workflows
Browse
Publish
Curation

11. Storage
Databases Cloud storage Geospatial data
Metadata generation
and management
Harmonisation Sharing
Data
management
Cloud computing Elastic resources
assignment
Multi-platform: R,
Java, Fortran
Processing
Facilities Overview

12. Virtual Research EnvironmentsIntegrates
D4Science.org
Infrastructure
Unified Resource Space
Powered by gCube
Enables
VRE VRE VRE
WPS
• Define sub-communities
• Allow temporary dedicated
assignment of computational,
storage, and data resources
• Manage policies
• Support data and information
sharing

13. Virtual Research Environments
Innovative, web-based, community-oriented, comprehensive, flexible, and
secure working environments.
• Communities are provided with applications to interact with the VRE services
• Client services are provided both with APIs (Java, R) and simple HTTP-REST interfaces

14. VREs Examples
More than 25 000
taxonomic
studies per month
www.i-marine.eu
More than 60 000
species distribution
maps produced and
hosted
www.d4science.eu
Used to build a pan-
European
geothermal energy
map
www.egip.d4science.org
Processing and
management of
heterogeneous
environmental and
Earth system data
www.envriplus.eu
Enhances
communication and
exchange in Linguistic
Studies, Humanities,
Cultural Heritage,
History and
Archaeology
www.parthenos-project.eu
Addressing user
communities around
Agriculture and Food.
Stock Assessment
assess the health status of
fisheries stocks.CMSY model
Reduce adverse impact of human activities
(e.g. fishing, aquaculture, tourism) on
ecosystems, and ensure these activities are
properly embedded in policy frameworks.

15. Educational VREs
Lecture-style: the course topics stress is different depending
on the audience
Interactive: after each explained topic, students do
experiments
Experimental: students reproduce the experiment shown by
the teacher and possibly repeat it on their own data
Social: students communicate via messaging or VRE discussion
panel
• 1 course/year
In Pisa
• 1 course/year
In Paris
• 12 courses
In Copenhagen
www.bluebridge-vres.eu
International Council for
the Exploration of the Sea
• 38 courses
All over the world
+1000 attendees

16. Companies VREs
1. Predict aquaculture
revenue and
business
development
www.bluebridge-vres.eu
2. Host and process
satellite data from
Copernicus
3. Collect logs from
experts and centralize
the network of
information
4. Self-service
integration of
algorithms to enable
Cloud computation
services.d4science.org

17. Numbers of D4Science
• +2000 scientists in 44 countries,
• integrating +50 heterogeneous
data providers,
• executing +25,000
processes/month,
• providing access to over a billion
quality records in repositories
worldwide,
• 99,7% service availability.
• +50 VREs hosted

18. Thank you