Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development focuses on autonomy versus shame and doubt. Developing a child's autonomy through independence with firm but tolerant guidance can lead to self-control and self-esteem. Coming down too hard on a child or giving unrestricted freedom can result in shame, doubt, impulsiveness and possibly compulsiveness if not balanced properly.

1. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Erikson's stage 2