This document discusses acid-base equilibria and reactions in aqueous solution. It begins by explaining that chemical processes progress from reactants to products at decreasing rates until equilibrium is reached when the rates of product formation and decomposition back to reactants are equal. It then provides introductions to theories of acids and bases according to Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry, including autoionization of water and the definition of pH. The document discusses factors that determine acid strength such as molecular structure, ionization constants, and the degree of dissociation of weak acids. It also covers polyprotic acids, hydrolysis of salts, and acid-base indicators.