the role of epigenetics in oral health and its role in cancer has been elucidated

2. EPIGENETICS
In Oral Health & It’s role in
Oral Cancer
Dr. Sowmya M, Post Graduate
Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology And
Oral Microbiology

3. CONTENTS
•Introduction to Epigenetics
•Basics
•Epigenetic Marks
•Epigenetics & Environment
•Epigenetics in individual health
•Clinical Applications – Epigenetic diseases
•Conclusion
 Gene
 Chromosome
 DNA & nucleotides
 Phenotype
 Genotype, etc…
 DNA Methylation
 Histone modification
 Non coding RNA

7. Epigenetics
• ‘the study of heritable
changes in gene expression
that occur independent of
changes in the primary DNA
sequence’
• External modifications to DNA
that turns genes on or off.
• Do not change the DNA
sequence.
• Affect how cells read genes.
• Change in phenotype with out
a change in genotype.
“Above or on top off genetics”
Ernst Hadorn
Mid-20th century
Conrad Hal Waddington
1942
Greek word “epigenesis”

9. EPIGENETICS

11. BOOST
INTERFERE

14. 2
1
3
4

15. DNA Methylation
Addition of a methyl
group to the 5 position of
cytosine by DNA
methyltransferase to
form 5-methylcytosine
(5-mC)

16. Histone modifications

19. Epigenetics and the Environment: How Lifestyle Can Influence Epigenetic
Change from One Generation to the Next
Dutch Hunger
Winter
/Dutch Famine
– 1944 - 1945

20. Epigenetic programming of obesity
Early life nutritional insults
(Under nutrition)
DNA
hypomethylation
of IGF2 gene

21. Adult – prenatally exposed to famine

23. A Child’s Mental Fitness Could Be Epigenetically
Influenced by Dad’s Diet.

24. How Lifestyle Can Affect Individual Epigenetics and Health
Neurodegenerative disease
Hdac
inhibitors

25. Clinical Applications
– Epigenetic Diseases

26. •Cancer
•Mental Retardation Disorders
•Immunity & Related Disorders
•Neuropsychiatric Disorders
•Paediatric Syndromes

27. In oral cancer
Epigenetic changes alter
expression of tumour
suppressor genes without
changes in DNA sequence.

28. To conclude with…
HEALTHY EPIGENOME
A healthy diet
Exercise
Avoiding exposure to contaminants