This whitepaper discusses a quality testing protocol conducted by C&A Tool to demonstrate that additive manufacturing (AM) using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) can produce titanium parts that meet or exceed industry standards for mechanical properties and density. The protocol evaluated how properties were affected by critical quality variables like laser power, build location, orientation, and heat treatment. Results showed properties did not vary significantly based on these factors and exceeded standards, providing evidence that DMLS can reliably produce high quality, repeatable titanium parts for industries like medical and aerospace.
In this paper study of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(GTAW) process used for Aerospace application, the
material used is Maraging steel (MDN250).The weld
defects are a major concern leading to rework, higher costs
and thus affecting the delivery schedule of the job. The
process starts with Welding of long seams and circular
seams in the job, and subsequently carrying out the NDT to
find any defects during welding. A number of defects are
being observed in the welding Process. Defects in welding
may be found out in two methods, i.e. by Radiographic
Tests and by Ultrasonic Tests. The paper deals with an
application of Six Sigma DMAIC (Define–MeasureAnalyze-Improve-Control)
methodology in an industry
which provides a framework to identify, quantify and
eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in
question, to optimize the operation variables. Six Sigma
improves the process performance of the critical
operational process, leading to better utilization of
resources, decreases variations & maintains consistent
quality of the process output.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The injection molding process itself is a complex mix of time, temperature and pressure
variables with a multitude of manufacturing defects that can occur without the right combination of
processing parameters and design components. Determining optimal initial process parameter
settings critically influences productivity, quality, and costs of production in the plastic injection
molding (PIM) industry. Up to now, most production engineers have used trial-and-error method to
determine initial settings for a number of parameters, including melt temperature, injection pressure,
injection velocity, injection time, packing pressure, packing time, cooling temperature, and cooling
time which depend on the engineers’ experience and intuition to determine initial process parameter
settings. However, the trial-and-error process is costly and time consuming.
This paper details the application of Taguchi
techniques to determine the optimal process parameters for
submerged arc welding (SAW).The planned experiment work is
conducted in the semiautomatic submerged arc welding machine
and signal to noise ratios have been computed .the contribution of
each factor has been validated by analysis of variance(ANOVA).
The results of the present investigation indicate that the welding
voltage is the most significant parameter that controls the bead
penetration as compared to other controlling parameters. The
contribution of voltage, current welding speed and nozzle-to-plate
distance have been found to be respectively: 60.8%, 9.86%,
3.54% and 13.8%. Optimum results have been obtained by using
26v, 475A at a trolley speed of 0.25 m/min and NPD of 16 mm.
Fatigue and fracture behavior of additively manufactured metals after heat tr...TAV VACUUM FURNACES
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is any of various processes of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
Unlike subtractive manufacturing methods that start with a solid block of material and then cut away the excess to create a finished part, additive manufacturing builds up a part (or features onto parts) layer by layer from geometry described in a 3D design model.
For many decades, AM processes have been used for rapid prototyping. Over the last few years, additive manufacturing has gained incredible interest in all industry facets: from aerospace applications to simple one-off consumer home builds. This technology has immense versatility and flexibility, due to its ability to create complex geometries with customizable material properties.
Discover how the additive manufacturing processing of metals makes it possible to design and build lightweight parts in real time and understand potential of heat treatments in vacuum for 3D printed parts.
In this paper study of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(GTAW) process used for Aerospace application, the
material used is Maraging steel (MDN250).The weld
defects are a major concern leading to rework, higher costs
and thus affecting the delivery schedule of the job. The
process starts with Welding of long seams and circular
seams in the job, and subsequently carrying out the NDT to
find any defects during welding. A number of defects are
being observed in the welding Process. Defects in welding
may be found out in two methods, i.e. by Radiographic
Tests and by Ultrasonic Tests. The paper deals with an
application of Six Sigma DMAIC (Define–MeasureAnalyze-Improve-Control)
methodology in an industry
which provides a framework to identify, quantify and
eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in
question, to optimize the operation variables. Six Sigma
improves the process performance of the critical
operational process, leading to better utilization of
resources, decreases variations & maintains consistent
quality of the process output.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
The injection molding process itself is a complex mix of time, temperature and pressure
variables with a multitude of manufacturing defects that can occur without the right combination of
processing parameters and design components. Determining optimal initial process parameter
settings critically influences productivity, quality, and costs of production in the plastic injection
molding (PIM) industry. Up to now, most production engineers have used trial-and-error method to
determine initial settings for a number of parameters, including melt temperature, injection pressure,
injection velocity, injection time, packing pressure, packing time, cooling temperature, and cooling
time which depend on the engineers’ experience and intuition to determine initial process parameter
settings. However, the trial-and-error process is costly and time consuming.
This paper details the application of Taguchi
techniques to determine the optimal process parameters for
submerged arc welding (SAW).The planned experiment work is
conducted in the semiautomatic submerged arc welding machine
and signal to noise ratios have been computed .the contribution of
each factor has been validated by analysis of variance(ANOVA).
The results of the present investigation indicate that the welding
voltage is the most significant parameter that controls the bead
penetration as compared to other controlling parameters. The
contribution of voltage, current welding speed and nozzle-to-plate
distance have been found to be respectively: 60.8%, 9.86%,
3.54% and 13.8%. Optimum results have been obtained by using
26v, 475A at a trolley speed of 0.25 m/min and NPD of 16 mm.
Fatigue and fracture behavior of additively manufactured metals after heat tr...TAV VACUUM FURNACES
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is any of various processes of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file.
Unlike subtractive manufacturing methods that start with a solid block of material and then cut away the excess to create a finished part, additive manufacturing builds up a part (or features onto parts) layer by layer from geometry described in a 3D design model.
For many decades, AM processes have been used for rapid prototyping. Over the last few years, additive manufacturing has gained incredible interest in all industry facets: from aerospace applications to simple one-off consumer home builds. This technology has immense versatility and flexibility, due to its ability to create complex geometries with customizable material properties.
Discover how the additive manufacturing processing of metals makes it possible to design and build lightweight parts in real time and understand potential of heat treatments in vacuum for 3D printed parts.
Estimation Of Optimum Dilution In The GMAW Process Using Integrated ANN-SAIJRES Journal
To improve the corrosion resistant properties of carbon steel usually cladding process is used. It is a process of depositing a thick layer of corrosion resistant material over carbon steel plate. Most of the engineering applications require high strength and corrosion resistant materials for long term reliability and performance. By cladding these properties can be achieved with minimum cost. The main problem faced on cladding is the selection of optimum combinations of process parameters for achieving quality clad and hence good clad bead geometry. This paper highlights an experimental study to optimize various input process parameters (welding current, welding speed, gun angle, contact tip to work distance and pinch) to get optimum dilution in stainless steel cladding of low carbon structural steel plates using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design with full replication technique and mathematical models were developed using multiple regression method. The developed models have been checked for adequacy and significance. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SA) techniques were integrated labels as integrated ANN-SA to estimate optimal process parameters in GMAW to get optimum dilution.
Friction Stir Welding of Similar Metals by Taguchi Optimization Technique -A ...IJAEMSJORNAL
In order to meet the global competition and the survival of products in the market a new way of thinking is necessary to change and improve the existing technology and to develop products at economical price.This paper discusses use taguchi experiment design technique for maximizing tensile strength of friction stir welding AA6061 and AA6061. In friction stir welding, the joints are formed in the solid state by utilizing the heat generated by friction. The objectives of this study are obtaining friction weld element of aluminium 6061 to aluminium 6061 and optimising the friction stir welding parameters in order to establish the weld quality. Effect of tensile strength of friction stir welding process parameter (Rotational speed, travel speed, axial force and tilt angle) is evaluated and optimum welding condition for maximum tensile strength is determined.
erimental Investigation of Process Parameter on Tensile Strength of Selective...ijsrd.com
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an emerging, fast growing rapid prototyping (RP) technology due to its ability to build functional parts having complex geometrical shape in reasonable time period. The quality of built parts highly depends on many process variables in selective laser melting. In this study, three important SLM process parameters such as layer thickness, orientation angle and scan speed are considered. Their influence on tensile strength of test specimen is studied. Margining Steel having grade 1.2709 was the material, commercially named CL50WS, which is used for fabricate Tensile Specimen in SLM. The experiments are conducted based on Taguchi's L8 orthogonal array. The validity of process parameter and response is tested by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The multi linear regression model is developed in order to predict Tensile strength of test specimen. The experimental data and data obtained by regression equation is closely correlated which validated the models. The layer thickness and scan speed is highly affect the quality of SLM fabricated parts whereas orientation angle have little important.
Impact of Mechanical System in Machining Of AISI 1018 Using Taguchi Design o...IJMER
The imperative objective of the science of metal cutting is the solution of practical problems
associated with the efficient and precise removal of metal from work piece. Optimization of process
parameters is done to have great control over quality, productivity and cost aspects of the process.
Taguchi method stresses the importance of studying the response variation using the signal–to–noise
(S/N) ratio, resulting in minimization of quality characteristic variation due to uncontrollable
parameter. Orthogonal array was adopted in order to planning the (L9) experimental runs in turning of
AISI 1018 by taking the help of software Minitab 16. The MRR and time
Failure analysis of polymer and rubber materialsKartik Srinivas
Rubber products are designed using engineering principles of loads and deflections applied to a certain volume of material. The use of engineering principles in the development of rubber products provide an application envelope in which the products are expected to perform. Most of the products do provide the required services for satisfactory lifetimes, however failures do occur. Failures occurring under field services conditions are expensive and it becomes imperative to identify the cause and rectify it as soon as possible. The failure mode of polymers sets limits to the process of engineering design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development is an international premier peer reviewed open access engineering and technology journal promoting the discovery, innovation, advancement and dissemination of basic and transitional knowledge in engineering, technology and related disciplines.
Similar to EOS Whitepaper - C & A Tool Quality (20)
Point of Care - EOS Additive Manufacturing with Selective Laser Sintering - ...Machine Tool Systems Inc.
Technology Keeps Patient First.
Healthcare providers operate in an evolving
environment influenced by policy, regulations,
and changing technology. Yet, the number one
priority remains patient care.
In a recent survey1, nearly half (49%) of healthcare
provider executives said revamping the patient
experience is one of their organization’s top three
priorities over the next five years.
This focus is helping fuel the rise of point-ofcare
(POC) manufacturing enabled by additive
manufacturing (AM), commonly known as
3D printing.
EOS DMLS - Case Study: Topology Optimization & Additive Manufacturing of Actu...Machine Tool Systems Inc.
Case Study: Topology Optimization & Additive Manufacturing of Actuator Support Fitting
The following is a case study of an aircraft bracket built on an EOS M280 in Aluminum AlSi10Mg optimized with Altair to improve the original design. The geometries used can only be achieved through Additive Manufacturing (AM).
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
EOS Whitepaper - C & A Tool Quality
1. Quality Whitepaper
Ensuring repeatable quality
with Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has
gained a foothold in a variety of
industries that require quality
and repeatability. The medical
and aerospace industries are
embracing AM, not only because
it enables highly complex,
lightweight and strong designs,
but also because the printed
parts meet the quality standards
delineated by regulatory agencies.
Even in healthcare, which values
AM’s ability to create completely
customized outputs – think
implants unique to your anatomy
– quality and repeatability are
critical for mainstream adoption.
As a global leader in contract
manufacturing for the highly
regulated medical and aerospace
industries, C&A Tool understood
a major acceptance hurdle for
a new industrial manufacturing
process was demonstrating
the new process produced
equivalent mechanical properties
to subtractive manufactured
Titanium product.
Introduction
2. The Challenge:
The lack of understanding regarding quality approach to additive manufacturing remains one
of the biggest investment hurdles today – the uncertainty outweighing any benefits of the
technology – especially in heavily regulated industries. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the AM
industry to highlight the true value of this technology, showing that the quality and repeatability
of parts can stand up to quality protocols met by traditional manufacturing standards. Using
metal additive manufacturing machines (EOS M290, Krailling, Germany) C&A Tool created a
protocol to demonstrate the direct metal laser sintering process could meet or exceed industry
standards for mechanical integrity.
Using Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMP) quality control
requirements and ASTM testing
methods, C&A Tool created a
protocol to challenge additive
manufacturing process using
critical to quality variables, such
as laser power. The goal was to
demonstrate the DMLS process
meets the appropriate ASTM
material acceptance criteria for
mechanical testing and part
density for Titanium ELI alloy
(ASTM F3001). The standard
procedures and C&A Tool work
instructions utilized in this study
are listed in Table 1 & 2.
Table 1
Doc. Control # Description
ASTM F3001 Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI with Powder Bed
Fusion
ASTM E8/E8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ISO 3369 Impermeable sintered metal materials and hardmetals - Determination of density
QP 7 Quality Procedure Product Realization
QP 8 Quality Procedure Measurement
Table 2
Operator Procedures
Powder Sieving and Cycle Reclamation
File Management
M290 Work Instruction
Powder Selection
Tear Out
Powder Removal
Validation References/
Applicable Procedures
3. Methods
Prior to beginning the quality test protocol, C&A Tool created
a cause and effect (C&E) study to determine the worst case
variables in the process using design of experiments. This initial
study considered laser power, heat treatment temperature, and
heat treatment time, orientation, position, exposure strategy, and
layer thickness as potential critical to quality (CtQ)variables.
CtQ Variables Matrix
Details:
EOS parameter sets include vari-
ables such as laser power, layer
thickness, and scan strategy. These
variables in an EOS parameter set
can be varied through program-
ing of the EOSPRINT software;
however, for production process
these parameters must be fixed.
Similarly, exposure strategies are
controlled by the program sent
to the machine. As a result, if the
exposure strategy, layer thickness,
or parameter set is changed a
requalification may be necessary.
Laser Power
Laser power is controlled by
the parameter sets within the
exposure strategy of each program
sent to the machine. In this study,
laser power was monitored during
the build and a warning was
triggered when the instantaneous
laser power went below 4 percent
(355 W) of the 370 watts nominal
setting. A warning is also triggered
if the monitoring device records
instantaneous laser power under
5.5 percent (350 W). In this quality
protocol, a laser measurement
device verified laser power before
and after a build.
In the cause and effect (C&E)
study, two programs were created
to produce worst case scenarios
in terms of laser power, a critical
to quality variable. One program
took into account the lowest laser
power anticipated (error message
at 5.5% laser power degradation)
plus the margin of error for the
laser measuring equipment.
The laser measuring equipment has
a margin of error of ± 4%.
Therefore, the lowest laser
power that the DMLS parts may
see is -9.5% (334.85 W).
The second program took into
account the highest laser power;
which accounting for the
measurement variation of the laser
measuring equipment would be
+4% or 384.8 W.
Layer Thickness
Layer thickness is controlled by
the program sent to the machine.
In all parameter sets the layer
thickness was set to 0.060mm. If
the thickness is changed from the
0.060mm setting in this protocol,
requalification or justification will
be required.
Heat Treat
The heat treatment will be set and
the extremes will be challenged
during this protocol. In this in-
stance, requalification or justifica-
tion will need made if
this is changed.
Position/Orientation
Position or orientation is
challenged on all areas of the
plate within this protocol as
pictured In Figure 1.
The results from the C&E study
were reviewed and worst case
variables were determined to be:
• Laser power
• Heat treat temperature
• Heat treat time
Four builds were produced on two different DMLS machines, in the build
configuration detailed in Figure 1. Each build comprised tensile test bars
and density cubes configured on the build platform to capture potential
sources of variation, including location and orientation of the coupon
during the build process (Figure 1). Worst case variables of laser power, heat
treatment temperature, and heat treatment time found in the C&E study
were varied in the four builds. Layer thickness, material (Ti6Al4V ELI, ASTM
3001), exposure strategies, and machining (ASTM E8) remained constant
throughout the protocol. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) was not
considered in this study.
All builds were grown using a parameter matrix, which included:
Class A based on ASTM F3001, laser power, layer thickness, material,
position/orientation, exposure strategies, heat treat time, and heat
treat temperature.
A stress relieving heat treatment (Applied Thermal, Warsaw, IN) was
performed prior to parts being removed from the platform. Round tensile
bars were processed and tested according to ASTM E8 and density cubes
were processed and tested according to ISO 3369.
Acceptance Criteria
It’s important to note that the mechanical properties, chemical properties
and density listed in Table 4 are specific to these builds. All builds were
tested and evaluated per the following specifications:
• Mechanical Properties: Table 3 of ASTM F3001
• Chemical Properties: Table 1 and 2 of ASTM F3001
• Density: ISO3369
In addition to acceptance criteria, Table 3 details average results for
all builds showing they meet the standard acceptance criteria for each
mechanical property.
Quality Protocol
Figure 2. Build plate orientation
Table 3: Results with acceptance criteria.
Titanium 64V - ELI - GRADE 23
Standard Tensile
Strength
Yield
Strength
Reduction
of Area
Elongation Young’s
Modulus
Hardness Density
ASTM F3001-13 125 ksi
(860 MPa)
115 ksi
(795
MPa)
25% 10% x x x
ASTM F136-13 125 ksi
(860 MPa)
115 ksi
(795
MPa)
25% 10% x x x
ASTM B348-13 120 ksi
(828 MPa)
110 ksi
(759
MPa)
15% 10% x x x
C & A Tool
Tested
Mechanical
Properties
156 ksi
(1075 Map)
143 ksi
(986
Map)
52% 24% 16500 ksi
(113.7
Gap)
35 (HRC) 4.42 g/cm3
(99.8%)
Figure 1. Test coupon location and orientation on the build platform
4. The Figure 3 below detail results
for ultimate tensile strength,
yield strength, reduction of
area, and percent elongation for
Class A (ASTM F3001) additive
manufactured tensile bars as
compared to ASTM F136, standard
for surgical implants, ASTM F3001,
standard for powder bed fusion,
ASTM B348, standard for bars and
billets, and ASTM F1108, standard
for titanium casting materials.
This study clearly demonstrates
DMLS process exceeds the relevant
standards for all applicable
mechanical testing properties
as defined by industry accepted
standards in medical and aerospace.
Capability results can be seen
in the Appendix.
Test Results
and Discussion
Figure 3: Mechanical testing results for all group as compared
to relevant standards.
“These kinds of OQ tests have become an important part of our business. Our findings
show what we’ve known all along to be true: AM produced parts not only free engineers
from traditional manufacturing and design restraints, but also enable production of
high-quality, repeatable parts.” – John Halverson, General Manager of Medical Business Unit C&A Tool
Conceptual tibial tray design using Titanium additive manufacturing
5. Figure 4: Mechanical properties reported based on location of
specimen on build platform.
In recent years there has been a greater interest in build location in additive manufactured production. Build location was controlled in this
study and the results are shown in Figure 4 below. The data demonstrates that for the EOS M290 DMLS machine using 60 micron layer
thickness and the previously described laser power variation, the mechanical strength properties do not vary significantly based on build
location (quadrants top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right and middle).
6. Similar to the consistent mechanical testing results, density measurements did not vary per machine build location.
Another variable of interest is part orientation on the build platform. Figure 6 below demonstrate there is not a significant
difference in mechanical properties between horizontal and vertical built test specimens (ASTM E8)
Figure 5: Density measurements reported based on location
of specimen on build platform.
Figure 6: Mechanical properties reported based on build
orientation on the build platform.
Critical to quality variables of laser power, build location,
build orientation, and heat treatment temperatures were
challenged in this protocol. The results clearly demonstrate
direct metal laser sintering can meet or exceed industry
standards for mechanical integrity and part density does not
vary across the build platform.
Ensuring quality protocols will continue to be essential to
driving widespread adoption of additive manufacturing,
Conclusion
especially in the more heavily regulated industries like
medical, aerospace and automotive. As a result, the AM
industry must continue to prioritize this type of QP testing
as completed by C&A Tool. The outcomes embolden the AM
industry to take on quality skeptics with compliant data
demonstrating the value of EOS solutions to produce the
highest quality parts.
7. Think the impossible. You can get it.
EOS GmbH
Electro Optical Systems
Corporate Headquarters
Robert-Stirling-Ring 1
82152 Krailling/Munich
Germany
Phone +49 89 893 36-0
Fax +49 89 893 36-285
Further EOS Offices
EOS France
Phone +33 437 49 76 76
EOS India
Phone +91 44 39 64 80 00
EOS Italy
Phone +39 02 33 40 16 59
EOS Korea
Phone +82 32 552 82 31
EOS Nordic & Baltic
Phone +46 31 760 46 40
EOS of North America
Phone +1 248 306 01 43
EOS Singapore
Phone +65 6430 05 50
EOS Greater China
Phone + 86 21 602307 00
EOS UK
Phone +44 1926 62 31 07
www.eos.info • info@eos.info
Status 5/2017. Technical data subject to change without notice. EOS is certified according to ISO 9001.