2. 03/16/19
CONTENTS
1. DEFINITION
2. CHARACTERS OF ENZYME
3. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES
4. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES
5. HOW AN ENZYME WORKS
6. PREPRATION OF ENZYME
7. IDENTIFICATION OF ENZYMES
8. SUMMARY OF ENZYMES
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CHARACTERSCHARACTERS
SHOW MAXIMUM ACTIVITY BETWEEN
350
C-400
C .
IT GETS DENATURED BEYOND 650
C
AND PRACTICALY INACTIVED AT 00
C.
SOLUBLE IN WATER AND DILUTE
ALCOHOL ... CONC. ALCOHOL
PRECIPITATES THEM.
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FACTOR LIKE pH DIRECTLY AFFECTS
ENZYMES.
ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY REDUCED BY :
a) FORMALDEHYDE
b) FREE IODINE
c) HEAVY METALS
d) TANNINS
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"PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES"
{which differentiate enzyme from catalyst}
Catalyse only a specific reaction...i.e.,they
are reaction specific.
They are exceedingly efficient under
optimal condition
As a group ,they are exceptionally
versatile catalysts.
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A) On The Basis Of Nature
• There are 6 classes of enzymes:-
1) HYDROLASES-For catalysis of hydrolytic
reaction.
2) TRANSFERASES-For the transfer of
chemical group from one molecule to
another.
3) OXIDO-REDUCTASE -Catayse the
oxidation-reduction reactions.
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4 )LYSES- Catayse the addition of groups to
double bonds or vice versa.
5 )ISOMERASES-Are responsible for
intramolecular arrangement.
6 )SYNTHETASES-Catayse the condensation of
2 molecules coupled with the cleavage
pyrophosphate bond of ATP or similar
triphosphate.
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B) OnThe Basis Of Site Of Action
• They are of two types:-
1) ENDOENZYMES- "Those which act only
inside the cell are known as
endoenzymes".These involve in the
synthesis of cell components, food
reserves and bioenergic,i.e. liberation of
energy from food stuffs.
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2 )EXOENZYMES-"The enzymes which are
secreted outside the cell are known as
exoenzymes or intracellular enzymes."
These are normally digestive in their
function.
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PREPRATION OF ENZYMES
ENZYMES ARE
EXTRACTED FROM
ANIMALS AND
PLANTS.
EXAMPLE- PAPAIN
is obtained from
papaya
PANCREATIN is
obtained from the
intestine of hog(wild
boar).
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IDENTIFICATION TESTS FOR ENZYMES
The enzyme can be identified on basis
of :-
1)Morphology(colour, odour, taste)
2) Mass Spectrometry
3) 2-D GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
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MASS SPECTROMETRY
"Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical
chemistry technique that helps identify the
amount and type of chemicals present in a
sample by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio
and abundance of gas-phase ions."
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2-D GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
"Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D
electrophoresis) is a powerful and widely used
method for the analysis of complex protein
mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other
biological samples. "
17. 03/16/19
NAME OF ENZYMENAME OF ENZYME B.S.B.S. TYPE OF ENZYMETYPE OF ENZYME USESUSES
1.DIASTASE Saliva Amylolytic enzyme Digestion of starch
2.PANCREATIN
Pancreas of
Sus scrofa
CARBOLYTIC,PROTEO
LYTIC,LIPOLYTIC
ENZYME
Digestive aid for starch,
protein and fat
3.TRYPSIN
Pancreas of
Ox Bos taurus
PROTEOLYTIC
ENZYME
Proteolysis of blood clot
4.PAPAIN Carica papaya
PROTEOLYTIC
ENZYME
Meat tenderizer, clarification
of beverages
5.PEPSIN
Glandular
layer of fresh
stomach of
hog
PROTEOLYTIC
ENZYME
Conversion of proteins to
peptones and proteose
SUMMARY OF ENZYMES
