This document discusses different types of environmental pollution including water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and noise pollution. It provides details on the causes and sources of each type of pollution as well as their effects. The key points are: 1) Water pollution can be caused by municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste, as well as thermal power plants, and affects freshwater sources. Industrial waste is a major source of water pollution. 2) Air pollution stems from carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning and deforestation as well as sulfur dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. It can cause health issues in humans and damage plants and animals. 3) Land pollution results from construction, agriculture, and domestic and industrial waste

1. BY:
Dr. V. V. Deshmukh

2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable
change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any
component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause
harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
 Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any
substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to
the organisms
 Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or
uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may
be called as the pollutant.

3. TYPES OF POLLUTIONTYPES OF POLLUTION
 WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION
 AIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION
 LAND POLLUTIONLAND POLLUTION
 NOISE POLLUTIONNOISE POLLUTION

4. WATER POLLUTIONWATER POLLUTION

5.  Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of
water through natural or human activities and
making it unsuitable for its designated use.
 Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to
many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and
municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation,
industries, navigation, recreation. The used water
becomes contaminated and is called waste water.

6. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTIONSOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Most of Water Pollution is man made It may also occur
naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal
wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks
 The sources of water pollution can be classified as
 Municipal Waste Water
 Industrial Waste
 Inorganic Pollutants
 Organic Pollutants
 Agricultural Wastes
 Marine Pollution
 Thermal pollution

7. MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERMUNICIPAL WASTE WATER

8. INDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTE
The major source of water pollution is
the waste water discharged from
industries and commercial bodies, these
industries are chemical, metallurgical,
food processing industries, textile, paper
industries. They discharge several
organic and inorganic pollutants. That
prove highly toxic to living beings.

9. INDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTE

10. INORGANIC POLLUTANTSINORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They include fine particles of different metals, chlorides,
sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids and alkalies.

11. ORGANIC POLLUTANTSORGANIC POLLUTANTS
 They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease and
several other organic compounds

12. AGRICULTURAL WASTESAGRICULTURAL WASTES
 Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have
become essential for present day high
yielding crops.
 Consequently , they have become a
potential source of water pollution.
These fertilizers contain major plants
nutrients mainly nitrogen, phosphorous,
and potassium.
 Excess fertilizers may reach the ground
water by leaching or may be mixed with
surface water of rivers, lakes and ponds
by runoff and drainage.

13. MARINE POLLUTIONMARINE POLLUTION
 Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade
pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea.
The sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped
into the sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils,
grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.

14. THERMAL POLLUTIONTHERMAL POLLUTION
 Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water. The main source of thermal
pollution are the thermal and nuclear power plants. The
power generating plants use water as coolants and release
hot water into the original source. Sudden rise in
temperature kills fish and other aquatic animals.

15. AIR POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION

16.  Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living
organisms, or cause damage to the natural
environment or built environment, into the
atmosphere.
 A substance in the air that can cause harm to
humans and the environment is known as an air
pollutant.

17. CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTIONCAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Carbon dioxide-this happens because of
Deforestation and fossil fuel burning.
 Sulfur dioxide –Due to the burning of sulfur
containing compounds of fossil fuels.
 Sulfur oxides- very dangerous to humans at a
high concentration. Sulfur in the atmosphere
is responsible for acid rain.

18.  Contaminant that affects human life, plant life, animal life and
property could be termed as an air pollutant.
 Air pollutants are classified into two categories:
Primary pollutants: These pollutants are
emitted from a source directly into the
atmosphere.
e.g. Sulfur dioxide and Hydrocarbons
Secondary pollutants: These are formed
due to the chemical reaction among two or
more pollutants.
e.g. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN )

19.  Basis: Chemicals present in the environment
 Process:
 Use composition of the clean air as a bench mark.
 When the concentration of a chemical in air is above the bench
mark, it is termed as an air pollutant .

21. → Indoor
 Radon
 Combustion by-products
 CO, CO2, SO2, Hydrocarbons,
NOx
 Particulates, Polyaromatic
hydrocarbons
 Environmental Tobacco Smoke
(ETS)
 Volatile organic compounds
 Asbestos
 Formaldehyde
 Biological contaminants
 Pesticides
→ Outdoor
 SO2
 CO, CO2
 Oxides of Nitrogen
 Ozone
 Total Suspended particles
 Lead
 Particulates
 Volatile organic compounds
 Toxic Air pollutants
The air pollution problem is encountered in both indoor as well as outdoor.

22. INDOOR OUTDOOR

23.  Gaseous form
o Sulfur dioxide
o Ozone
o Hydro-carbon vapors
 Particulate form
o Smoke
o Dust
o Fly ash
o Mists

24. There are two units of measurement. They are as follows:
 µg/m3 and ppm (parts per million)
At 25°C and 1 atm
 At 00
C and at a pressure of 76 cm of Hg, volume of the air is 22.41 l/mol.
 To obtain volume at any temperature, use gas law
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

25. CONSEQUENCES OF AIR POLLUTIONCONSEQUENCES OF AIR POLLUTION
 CO2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also
partially restricts infrared radiation going back
from the earth into space, which produces the so-
called greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic
cooling of the Earth during the night.
 CO2 in atmosphere --> GLOBAL WARMING

26. EFFECT OF AIREFFECT OF AIR
POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

27. Acid rainAcid rain
harmsharms
vegetationvegetation
& water& water
animalsanimals..

28. Acid rainAcid rain
damagesdamages
trees &trees &
plants.plants.

29. Acid rainAcid rain
destroys fishdestroys fish
life in lakes &life in lakes &
streamsstreams..

30. ThisThis
UV-raysUV-rays
damagedamage
ss
animalsanimals
&&
plants.plants.

31. Ozone layerOzone layer
depletiondepletion
causescauses
skin cancerskin cancer
to animals.to animals.

32. OzoneOzone
layerlayer
depletiondepletion
damagesdamages
plant &plant &
trees’trees’
leaves &leaves &
kills thekills the
plant &plant &
trees.trees.

33. LAND POLLUTIONLAND POLLUTION

34.  Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land
surfaces often caused by human activities and
their misuse of land resources. It occurs when
waste is not disposed properly.
 Urbanization and industrialization are major
causes of land pollution.

35. CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTIONCAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION
Four Main causes of land pollution:
 Construction
 Agriculture
 Domestic waste
 Industrial Waste

36. CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
 Buildings take up resources and land, the trees are
chopped down and used to make buildings.
 Takes away the places for animals and other
organisms to live.

37. AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE
 As there are more and more people inhabiting the
earth, food is in higher demand and so forests are
chopped down and turned into farmland
 In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial
fertilizers, animal manure are washed into the
soil and pollute it.

38. DOMESTIC WASTEDOMESTIC WASTE
 Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day. Some waste
from homes, offices and industries can be recycled or
burnt in incinerators .
 There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and
washing machines that are dumped in landfills simply
because they cannot be reused in anyway, nor recycled .

39. INDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTE
 Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries,
nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms,
coal-fired power plants, metals production
factories and other heavy industry all contribute to
land pollution.

40. NOISE POLLUTIONNOISE POLLUTION

41.  Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human,
animal, or machine-created environmental noise
that disrupts the activity or balance of human or
animal life.
 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the
normal activities such as working, sleeping, and
during conversations.
 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must
be recognized as a major threat to human well-
being”

42. SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTIONSOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Transportation systems are the main source of noise
pollution in urban areas.
 Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot
of noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers,
loaders, dump trucks, and pavement breakers.
 Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable
state of noise pollution.
 Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air
conditioners, fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing
noise pollution.

43.  According to the USEPA, there are direct links between
noise and health. Also, noise pollution adversely affects the
lives of millions of people.
 Noise pollution can damage physiological and
psychological health.
 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption,
hearing loss, and productivity loss are the problems related
to noise pollution.
 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic
attacks.

44. SOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTIONSOLUTIONS FOR NOISE POLLUTION
 Planting bushes and trees in and around sound
generating sources is an effective solution for noise
pollution.
 Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can
effectively reduce the noise pollution
 Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate
the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution.
 Workers should be provided with equipments such as ear
plugs and earmuffs for hearing protection.

45.  Similar to automobiles, lubrication of the machinery
and servicing should be done to minimize noise
generation.
 Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to
block unwanted noise from outside.
 Regulations should be imposed to restrict the usage
of play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public
places.
 Factories and industries should be located far from
the residential areas.

46. WAYS TO STOP POLLUTIONWAYS TO STOP POLLUTION
 We believe that it is the responsible thing to do to
increase recycling.
 It is just like doing laundry and separating blacks
and colors.
 The residents of the country should also try and do
their part and put in at least one day of litter picking
up.

47. GLOBAL WARMING AND THEGLOBAL WARMING AND THE
GREENHOUSE EFFECTGREENHOUSE EFFECT

48. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLOBALDIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLOBAL
WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSEWARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECTEFFECT
Global warming refers to a rise in the
temperature of the surface of the earth.
The Greenhouse Effect is a process by which
thermal radiation from a planetary surface is
absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,
and is re-radiated in all directions.

49. SOME PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMINGSOME PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMING
PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA
THEN….
PORTAGE GLACIER
ALASKA NOW….

50. COLORADO RIVER, AS
OF
JUNE 2002
COLORADO RIVER, AS
OF
DECEMBER 2003

51. ANY QUESTIONS??

52. 44 == 11