The textile industry, particularly spinning and weaving, generates significant noise pollution that poses health risks to workers with prolonged exposure. Noise levels exceed recommended safety thresholds and have caused hearing loss among textile workers. Key noise sources include high-speed machines, looms, and other equipment. Simple engineering controls like maintenance, machine modifications, enclosures, and administrative controls like job rotation can help reduce noise levels. However, more advanced controls may be needed to adequately address noise pollution in textile industry work environments.

1. NOISE
KHYATI SUTARIA

2. How Is Noise Related To Textile
Industry?
• Noise is the environmental pollutant generated by any industry and
spinning and weaving industries has no exception to this.
• The workers exposed to industrial noise of potentially damaging quality
and intensity.
• They suffer from impairment of hearing capacity of several degrees and
other physiological disorders which is prolonged exposure to a noise level
of > 90 dB
• Also may cause hearing disorders since maximum permissible noise level
for 8 hour exposure should be around 96.5 dB.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
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3. Machine Behavior And Noise
Generation
• When we talk about the noise with respect to machine it is the vibration
generated due to two or more solid surface interface.
• The vibrating members alternately push and pull against air creating noise,
off course there are many reasons for generation of noise and can be
summarized as follow:
1. Machine footing and its foundation.
2. Type of mechanism adopted while designing the machine (no. of
mechanical components presented and linkage mechanism)
3. Working speed of machine.
4. Maintenance of machine.
5. Design of other machine parts like blowers, ducts and pipes etc.
6. Material handling system.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
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4. Overview Of Noise Levels In Different
Departments
• 1) Spinning:
– Because of high spindle speeds reached on new machines (ring
spindles up to 20000 rpm, rotor speed up to 11000 rpm) spinning mills
can generally be assumed to generate a great noise.
– Noise levels of 70 to 100 dB are commonly recorded in workrooms.
• 2) Weaving and knitting:
– Although considerable progress has been made in the weaving sector
over the last 20 year, the whole area of noise nuisance and, closely
associated with it, vibration coming from looms, cause major
problems.
– Noise levels of 100 to 120 dB must be expected in weaving rooms,
according to the design, type of loom.
– Fitting and erection and number looms used, fabric structure etc.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
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5. Noise level in textile industry (Texturing,
spinning and Weaving)
Process Noise level (dB)
Texturizing Plant 95-100
Spinning
1.Ring Frame 80
2.Rotor spinning 84
3.Two for one twister 100-110
4.Weaving 100-120
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
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6. Behavior of sound:
• When designing engineering control to reduce the noise exposure it is
important to have basic understanding of sound and its impact.
• Sound is always produced by change in the speed or force.
• Basic principle of sound includes,
– More noise is produced when great force is used for longer time than
small force with shorter time.
– Airborne sound is caused by vibration of solid parts or turbulence in
case of fluid.
– Vibration can produce sound after traveling a great distance.
– High frequency sound is more reflective.
– Low frequency noise is travels through object and through opening.
– Audible range of human ear is up to 80-90 dB.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294467496_Noise_pollution_and_its_control_in_textile_industry
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7. Selection Of Machine
• First step in effective noise control is design and purchase in noise control
in mind.
• Take noise control in account when designing new facilities renovating
existing buildings.
• Isolate noisy operations in designing rooms where fewer employees will be
impacted.
• Use qualified engineers and architectures to design the work place and it
becomes easier to control techniques before machine installation and other
aspects.
• Before buying anything ask to the manufacture about the noise and other
technical parameters related to noise generation.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

8. Administrative control
• It involves training to the workers staff about the noise and its
consequences also job rotation technique to high level noise area and low
level noise area in order to keep overall noise level constant, since this
control technique is not efficient as there is lacuna in technological aspects
to reduce the noise.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

9. Simple Engineering Control
• These controls should be evaluated before exploring more complex
solution and this technique involves following aspects,
– Proper maintenance.
– Changing operating procedures
– Replacing operating procedures
– Applying room treatments
– Relocating equipment’s
– Simple machine treatments
– Using proper machine speed
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

10. Simple Engineering Control
1. Proper maintenance:
It is observed that malfunctioning or improperly maintained parts produces
more noise that well maintained one like,
– Loosely held bearings and belts.
– Torn belts
– Worn gears
– Imbalanced rotating masses
– Missing guards or shields
– Improperly adjusted cams and linkages
• It is recommended that a good preventive maintenance practice should be
adopted to reduce the noise level and also follow scheduled check list for
lubrication to reduce the wear and tear of parts and maintain the same.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

11. Simple Engineering Control
2. Operating procedures and equipment replacement technique
– This technique is totally in the hand of administration where
provision of job rotation and purchasing of new equipment’s or tools
is the main priority.
3. Room treatments
– One of the basic principles of noise control is to reduce the reflecting
sound, for that use of absorbent materials in between the departments,
modify the plant construction according to the acoustic principle and
engineering approach.
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

12. Simple Engineering Control
4. Relocation of equipment
– Noise level drops off when the distance from the noise source is
increase.
– Noisy equipment should be as far as possible from employees.
– Do not put noisy parts at corner to avoid noise reflection.
5. Simple machine treatments
– Many simple modifications in the machine show significant reduction
in the noise level.
– Reduce the dropping height of parts from bins and storage tanks.
– Enclose the bin and boxes with rubber base material to absorb the
noise.
– Keep optimum pressure when working with pneumatics and
hydraulics
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA

13. Simple Engineering Control
6. Proper operating speed
As we know any increase in speed will prone to develop more noise so run the
machines with manufacturer recommendation.
• Enclosures: These are like boxes covered with sound and heat absorbable
coatings simple used to control the machines parts which are moveable
especially in case of motor panels where both heat and noise generation are
the key parameters to be performed.
• Shields and barriers: These are sound absorbable materials which are
used to control high frequency noise they should be placed near to the high
frequency source and they should be as thick as possible.
• Ducts and pipes: vibrating duct is the common cause of noise. The source
of noise is the fan and is depend on
• 1) Proper fan size and type
• 2) Speed of the fan
https://textilevaluechain.in/2019/03/12/control-techniques-for-noise-pollution-in-textile-industry/
KHYATI SUTARIA