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English_Grammar_C1_Past_Tense_Presentation.pptx
1.
Unit 1 –
past tenses
2.
It’s easier to
understand when we use the different past tenses if we compare them. Let’s look at: 1. The past simple and the past continuous. 2. The past simple, past perfect simple, and past perfect continuous. 3. used to and would. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 When and why do we use them?
3.
Function: When do we
use them? 1. past simple and past continuous Specific time: 2006- 2008 It started and finished in the past Visited all the Hawaiian islands I was working in a bank. My friends were always complaining… Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Between 2006 and 2008, I visited nearly all of the Hawaiian islands. I was working at a bank at the time so had a bit of money. My friends were always complaining that I was never at home! Is there a specific time in the past the girl talks about or is it a general past? Has the time period finished or does it continue to now? Which part of the statement refers to a repeatable activity? During this time, which of the actions in bold was continuous throughout? While this continuous action was in progress, what specific event did the girl do?
4.
past simple past
continuous Completed or finished actions and events in the past. A continuous action or one in progress when other events occur in the past. Often used with finished time expressions. Can be an action in progress which is interrupted (so we don’t know if it continued). Can also be used with always and forever to emphasise a repeated action which was irritating. Between 2006 and 2008, I visited nearly all of the Hawaiian islands. I was working at a bank at the time so had a bit of money. My friends were always complaining that I was never at home! Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Function: When do we use them? 1. past simple and past continuous This period of time finished in the past She visited the islands in the past – it is completed. This is something that happened a lot. This action was in progress when she visited the islands
5.
Copyright © 2018
by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Function: Things to consider... Notice how this part of the sentence is in the past simple and not the past continuous. This is an example of a state verb (not an action). I was working at a bank at the time so had a bit of money. ● We do not use state verbs in the continuous structures. They are always in the simple tenses. ● Some verbs can be state verbs or action verbs depending on the context. ● Example: I was thinking about Laura when she walked in. Think here is an action verb. You can imagine the speaker’s brain working. I think he’s German. Think here is a state verb meaning the same as believe.
6.
Function: When do
we use them? 2. past perfect simple and past perfect continuous I realised I had forgotten my keys when I was already performing in the concert. Before I left the house, I had been cleaning all day. Look at the three parts of the girl’s statement. Put them in order on the timeline below. 1. I realized something. 2. I forgot my keys. 3. I was cleaning the house. Notice how the order of events affects the tense we use. I left the house. I was performing in the concert. 1 2 3 Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
7.
past perfect simple
past perfect continuous To talk about an action that occurred before another action in the past (almost like we look back in time). A continuous action that occurred over a period of time up to another specific time in the past. I realised I had forgotten my keys when I was already performing in the concert. Before I left the house, I had been cleaning all day. Function: When do we use them? 2. past perfect simple and past perfect continuous I had been cleaning was an action in progress before the 2nd past action I left the house. Here, the speaker is talking about two different times in the past – one further in the past than the other. Perfect structures always compare two different times. E.g. The past perfect simple and continuous compare a time in the past with another time in the past. Look... I had been cleaning. I left the house. …I had forgotten my keys. I was performing in the concert. I realised… Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
8.
● We do
not continue talking in the past perfect simple or continuous after the first original sentence because the listener now knows what time period the speaker is referring to. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Function: Things to consider... Look at the continuation of the girl’s statement. I realised I had forgotten my keys when I was already performing in the concert. Before I left the house, I had been cleaning all day. My house was really dirty, so I cleaned every room from top to bottom. I even swept under the bed! Her conversation continues in the past simple tense.
9.
Function: When do
we use them? 3. used to and would Used to. I used to go to the beach and I would play in the sea. Yes. No. Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Is the girl talking about a specific trip to the beach? Was this something she did a lot? A habit? Which two of the phrases in bold are actions? My hair used to be blonde is not an action; it’s a state or a description. Do we use used to or would? I used to go to the beach every weekend when I was a kid. I would play in the sea all day, so my hair used to be white blonde, not like now.
10.
used to would To
talk about past habitual actions. To talk about past habitual actions. To talk about past states, which often aren’t true now. I used to go to the beach every weekend when I was a kid. I would play in the sea all day, so my hair used to be white blonde, not like now. Function: When do we use them? 3. used to and would Notice how we don’t generally use would when talking about states. Would can sometimes sound more literary or almost like the speaker enjoys reminiscing about the past. How do I use them? Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
11.
I realised I
had forgotten my keys when I was already performing in the concert. Before I left the house, I had been cleaning all day. Form: How do we use them? Which auxiliary verbs are used in the past continuous, past perfect simple, and past perfect continuous? What auxiliary verb do we add in the past simple in the negative or question form? Look at this example. Did or didn’t Past continuous: was/were Past Perfect Simple: had Past Perfect Continuous: had been Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
12.
subject auxiliary verb(s)
main verb complement past simple I Subject + - left verb in past the house. past continuous I Subject + was was/were + performing verb -ing in the concert. past perfect simple I Subject + had had + forgotten past participle my keys. past perfect continuous I Subject + had been had + been + cleaning verb -ing the house all day. Form: How do we use them? All these examples are in the affirmative. Think about how you would put these examples in the negative or interrogative form. And used to/would? Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
13.
I used to
go to the beach every weekend, but I didn’t use to stay for long. Form: How do we use them? What form of the verb follows used to in the affirmative? In the negative, what changes in this structure? Look at this example. We use use to, not used to. The bare infinitive form Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
14.
used to affirmative I Subject
+ used to used to + go verb infinitive + to the beach. complement negative I Subject + didn’t didn’t + use to use to + have verb inf + blonde hair. complement interrogative (Where) Qu. Word + did did + you subject + use to use to + go? verb inf + ? Form: How do we use them? Notice how we use use to - not used to - in the negative and interrogative. would I Subject + would would + play verb infinitive + in the sea all day. complement Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
15.
I was working
at a bank. I had been cleaning all day. I used to go to the beach every weekend. /wəz/ /bɪn/ /tə/ I had forgotten my keys. I would play in the sea. I’d Think about pronunciation… When we speak naturally in connected speech, many auxiliary verbs become weak because we don’t stress them. Weak forms often use the schwa sound /ə/. For example, instead of saying /wɒz/, we say /wəz/. Look at the weak forms here and practice saying them. Remember that when speaking we would usually use contractions. Time to practise... Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1
16.
My brother hates
dogs now, but when we were children, he ……..…….. (be) obsessed with them. Every time we saw one, he ……..………..…….. (chase) it and then he …….……..…….. (cry) if it ran away. But that all changed on his 8th birthday. He ……...……..…….. (play) outside on the street all afternoon when my mother ………. (call) him to come in for his dinner. As he ….……..…….. (walking) towards the house, he …….. (see) it – a big fluffy brown Labrador. As usual, he …….... (start) running to it and ……....…….. (not notice) the 3 tiny puppies behind it. The dog didn’t have an owner and ……..………….. (live) in the park by our house for a few weeks. By the time my brother was next to the dog, it ……..…….. (move) 2 of the babies, but the 3rd was still by its legs. Suddenly, the Labrador turned and …….... (bite) my brother’s leg. My mother ……..……..…..…….. (watch) everything and ……..…….. ( come) to help, so luckily, it only bit him once. He never chased dogs again! used to be used to/would chase used to/would cry had been playing called was walking saw started didn’t notice had been living had moved bit had been watching had come Copyright © 2018 by Pearson Education Gold Experience 2nd Edition C1 Practice activities Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the gaps. Justify your choices.
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