The document discusses information literacy skills, which include the ability to recognize when information is needed and locate, evaluate, and effectively use needed information. It outlines the research process and key steps, such as defining the task, seeking information from various sources, evaluating those sources, synthesizing information from multiple sources, and assessing the overall process and results. Various techniques are presented for effectively searching for information, evaluating sources, avoiding plagiarism, and citing references. The overall skills discussed empower users to make well-informed decisions and complete research tasks confidently.

1. INFORMATION
LITERACY SKILLS
English 2.8

2. “Being able to use different ways of finding information
and being able to judge whether the information is
trustworthy or accurate is vital: it opens up choices,
empowers us and can give us more confidence.”
(Welsh Information Literacy Project, 2011)
https://www.slideshare.net/LibrarianGoddess/librarians-as-teachers
 Recognize when information is needed
 Have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the
needed information
What are information literacy skills?

3.  Useful links…
Research process

4. 1. Task Definition
 1.1 Define the information problem
 1.2 Identify information needed
2. Information Seeking Strategies
 2.1 Determine all possible sources
 2.2 Select the best sources
3. Location and Access
 3.1 Locate sources (intellectually and physically)
 3.2 Find information within sources
4. Use of Information
 4.1 Engage (e.g., read, hear, view, touch)
 4.2 Extract relevant information
5. Synthesis
 5.1 Organize from multiple sources
 5.2 Present the information
6. Evaluation
 6.1 Judge the product (effectiveness)
 6.2 Judge the process (efficiency)
Big 6

5. 1. Task Definition
1. Understand the question
2. Use what you know
3. Generating questions
4. Background reading
5. Develop keywords
6. Plan the final product
How to define the task
1.1 Define the information problem
1.2 Identify information needed

6.  Topic: identify an area/direction for investigation
 Ask open questions
Framing your inquiry

7. Searching
 Alternative search engines,
 Refining your search
 Online databases
https://informationliteracyspaces.wordpress.com/2017/03/29/information-literacy-skills-for-senior-secondary-students/
2. Information Seeking Strategies
2.1 Determine all possible sources
2.2 Select the best sources

8.  Carrot 2 http://search.carrot2.org/stable/search
 Deeperweb http://deeperweb.com/
Alternative Search Engines
https://www.techwyse.com/blog/search-engine-optimization/stuck-on-page-2-of-google/
 Tagcloud : organise information
 Larger the tags have more results
 Helps to refine search

9.  Google Advance Search
 Quotation Marks
 Minus sign
 Site:
 ~Tilde symbol
 Boolean searching: and, or, not
 Plus sign
 Searching within numerical values eg 1940s..1960s
 related:
 Keywords
Google searching tips

10. Databases

11. EPIC

13. 3. Location and Access
CRAAP
3.1 Locate sources (intellectually and
physically)
3.2 Find information within sources

14. Library

15. Currency - When was it written? Has it been updated?
Relevance - How is it relevant to your research? What is its scope?
Authority - Who is the author & publisher? What is their point of view?
Accuracy – Is it true? Has anyone checked it – peer reviewed?
Purpose - Why was the source created? Who is the intended audience?
http://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/evaluating-resources
CRAAP

16.  URL : http vs https, .govt, .edu or .ac (education), .co or .com (company)
 Contact/about us?
 Invasive advertising?
 Do their links work?
 Wikipedia?
 Do other sources match up?
 Correct spelling & grammar?
Examples
 Dog Island - http://www.thedogisland.com/index.html
 Tree Octopus http://zapatopi.net/treeoctopus/
 All about explorers https://allaboutexplorers.com/
 Martin Luther King https://www.martinlutherking.org/(6th hit on Google)
https://sites.google.com/a/cloud.diocesan.school.nz/dio-senior-library-2/research-skills/senior-high-
school
http://schools.natlib.govt.nz/blogs/libraries-and-learning/15-03/spot-hoax-when-evaluating-web-content
Evaluate Sources

17.  4.1 Engage (e.g., read, hear, view, touch)
 4.2 Extract relevant information
4. Use of Information
 Taking good notes
 Reading
 Critical thinking

18.  5.1 Organize from multiple sources
 5.2 Present the information
5. Synthesis
• Show multiple perspectives. Quoting from a biased book and disproving it will
show you are critically thinking.
• It’s important to see both side of the issue and then make your own conclusions.

19. Evaluating the reliability and usefulness of selected
information in relation to the inquiry
6. Evaluate
6.1 Judge the product (effectiveness)
6.2 Judge the process (efficiency)

20. Plagiarism
 Massey – how to avoid plagiarism

21. Referencing/Bibliography
Do it from the start. Do it as you work
• In text citations
• Bibliographic citations
https://www.digitalchalk.com/blog/10-online-bibliography-citation-tools