A research campaign and advocacy is a coordinated effort that uses research-based information to raise awareness, influence opinions, and inspire action on important social, environmental, health, or political issues. It combines data-driven research with advocacy strategies to promote change and encourage people to support a specific cause or policy. In a research campaign, credible data and studies are gathered, analyzed, and presented to highlight a problem or need. This helps ensure that the campaign’s message is accurate, evidence-based, and persuasive. Meanwhile, advocacy focuses on taking action — such as educating the public, lobbying decision-makers, organizing events, or using media platforms — to push for solutions and positive change.

1. English 10
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Language of Research, Campaigns
and Advocacies
EN10G-Iva-32

2. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCY:
OBSERVE THE
LANGUAGE OF
RESEARCH, CAMPAIGNS
AND ADVOCACIES

3. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session you are expected to:
define research, and the terminologies
used;
enumerate the research process
determine the importance of research;
Define campaign and advocacy;

4. WHAT IS LANGUAGE?

5. IT ENABLE US TO:

To Inform

To Entertain

To Influence

To Persuade

6. RESEARCH
Is an imperative area in not just the field of education, but in other
fields as well.
it primarily focuses upon improving quality and is a research for
knowledge (Kapur, 2018)
It shows how to make provisions of solutions to a problem in a
scientific and methodical manner.
Learning the language of research can help you understand
research answers to important problems. It can also help you read
academic texts (and tests) more easily.

7. LANGUAGE
FORMAL
ACADEMIC
PERSUASIVE
Research enables the
researcher to effectively
communicate valuable
results to his or her target
readers
The readers will be able to
trust and make use of these
facts and findings
depending on how clearly
the researcher explains
them in particular language
The language a
researcher uses also
adds up to how reliable
and convincing can be.

8. 1.“Many people think social media is
fun.”
2.“Social media is bad for everyone.”
3.“According to DepEd 2023 survey, 80%
of students use social media daily.”

9. Activity 1
Task: Underline technical words, circle statistics, and box formal phrases.
Excerpt 1 – Health
“The Department of Health (DOH, 2022) reported that 1 in 5
Filipino teenagers experiences symptoms of anxiety and
depression. Studies indicate that poor mental health significantly
affects academic performance, attendance, and social
relationships. These findings highlight the urgent need for
schools to integrate mental health awareness programs into their
curriculum.”

10. • Answers
• ✍️Underline (Technical words):
anxiety, depression, mental health, academic performance, attendance, social
relationships, mental health awareness programs
• ⭕ Circle (Statistics):
1 in 5
• ⬜ Box (Formal phrases):
The Department of Health (DOH, 2022) reported,
Studies indicate,
These findings highlight,
integrate into their curriculum

11. Excerpt 2 – Environment
“Based on DENR data (2021), the Philippines generates over
21,000 tons of solid waste daily, with plastics making up 17% of
the total volume. Improper waste disposal has been linked to
flooding, marine pollution, and biodiversity loss. Researchers
recommend the adoption of community-based waste management
systems to address the growing environmental problem.”

12. • Answers
• ✍️Underline (Technical words):
solid waste, plastics, waste disposal, flooding, marine pollution, biodiversity
loss, community-based waste management systems, environmental problem
• ⭕ Circle (Statistics):
21,000 tons, 17%
• ⬜ Box (Formal phrases):
Based on DENR data (2021),
Improper waste disposal has been linked to…,
Researchers recommend the adoption of…,
to address the growing environmental problem

13. Formal phrases are groups of words used in
writing or speaking that sound serious, polite,
and academic.
They avoid slang, shortcuts, and emotions,
and are often used in research, reports,
speeches, and school essays.
📝 What are Formal Phrases?

14. •✅ Examples of Formal Phrases:
• “Based on the findings…”
• “The study shows that…”
• “It is recommended that…”
• “In conclusion, the results suggest…”
• “The purpose of this research is to…”

15. 📘 What are Technical Words?
• Technical words are special words that are used in a certain subject, job, or field of
study.
• They have a specific meaning in that field, and they help experts explain ideas
clearly.
✅ Examples:
• In Health:
• Anxiety – a feeling of worry or nervousness
• Depression – a serious feeling of sadness that lasts a long time
• Mental health – how a person thinks and feels
• Firewall – a security system for computers

16. In Science:
• Photosynthesis – how plants make food using sunlight
• Gravity – a force that pulls objects toward Earth
• Atom – the smallest part of matter
• In Technology:
• Algorithm – step-by-step instructions for solving a problem
• Database – a collection of organized information

17. What makes the text formal?
A text is formal if it:
• Uses precise and academic vocabulary.
• Avoids slang, contractions (don’t → do not).
• Maintains an objective and respectful tone.
• Organizes ideas logically with proper grammar.
• Is written for academic, professional, or official purposes.

18. Why must research avoid emotions?
•Research is meant to be objective and
factual, not based on personal feelings.
•Emotions may cause bias, which can
affect the accuracy of findings.
•A research text must focus on evidence,
data, and logical reasoning, not opinions.

19. How is research different from campaign/advocacy?
Research Campaign/Advocacy
Seeks to discover or explain facts
through investigation.
Seeks to influence people’s beliefs
or actions.
Based on data, analysis, and
evidence.
Based on persuasion, emotion, and
slogans.
Tone is formal, objective, and
neutral.
Tone is persuasive, emotional, and
motivational.
Example: A study on climate change
and its effects on crops.
Example: A campaign encouraging
people to reduce plastic use.

20. Features of Research Language
• Formal Tone – serious, professional
• Uses polite, academic, and structured language.
• Avoids slang, contractions (don’t, won’t), and casual words (gonna, stuff,
kids).
• Example:
• Informal: “Kids these days waste a lot of time online.”
• Formal: “Adolescents spend significant time on online activities, according to
recent studies.”

21. Evidence-Based – supported by data and references
• Statements are backed by facts, surveys, experiments, or credible
sources.
• Avoids guesses or personal opinions.
• Example:
• Opinion: “I think social media is bad for students.”
• Evidence-Based: “According to a 2023 DepEd survey, 65% of students
reported negative effects of prolonged social media use on their studies.”

22. Technical Terms – specific vocabulary
• Uses subject-specific words related to the field of study.
• Shows precision and professionalism.
• Example:
• General: “Many young people have sleeping problems.”
• Technical: “Adolescents experience sleep deprivation due to
prolonged screen exposure.”

23. Objective – no bias, no emotion
• Focuses on facts, not personal feelings or emotions.
• Neutral in tone, avoids exaggeration.
• Example:
• Biased: “Plastic pollution is the worst disaster ever!”
• Objective: “Plastic pollution contributes to 17% of total solid waste, according
to DENR (2021).”

24. Research language is:
•Formal (serious, professional)
•Evidence-based (facts, data, references)
•Technical (specific vocabulary)
•Objective (no bias, no emotions)

25. Task: Rewrite the following casual statements into research-style
sentences.
1. Casual: “Lots of students don’t sleep enough.”
Research-Style: “According to DepEd (2023), 68% of high school
students report sleeping less than 7 hours on school nights.”
2. Casual: “Many kids waste time on gadgets.”
3. Casual: “Plastics are really bad for the environment.”
4. Casual: “A lot of people get stressed with online classes.”
5. Casual: “Many young people don’t eat healthy food.”

26. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct; FALSE if not.
1.Research uses facts and evidence.
2.Research must include emotions to be
credible.
3.Technical terms are common in research texts.
4.Research aims mainly to persuade people.

27. RESEARCH PROCESS
It starts with a question or a problem.
-Researchers first find out what others have already learned
about the subject.
Analyzing of data/information
-This allows other scientists to repeat the experiments and
double-check the conclusions

28. FOR EXAMPLE:
• the “COVID-19 injectables” (best proof) of clinical
research is a double-blind trial. That is an experiment
with two (or more) groups of people in which only
one group receives the drug or treatment being
tested. The other group gets a placebo. (A placebo
is a “sugar pill” or other treatment that looks and
feels like the experimental treatment but has no
active ingredients. Any effect it has are psychological
—because the participants expect it to work.)

29. COMMON TERMS IN RESEARCH
Terms Definition
Design – it is to plan (or a plan of) how something will be
made or done.
Data – these are collected facts or information.
Significance - these are important data and meaningful findings
in a research.
Evidence - observations or information that can help solve a
crime or show whether something is true or
false.

30. COMMON TERMS IN RESEARCH
Treatment - it is the course of action designed for research
Experiment - it is a test to see what happens when all
factors (variables) but one is controlled.
Conclusion - it is a summary of what has been learned or
shown at the end of a study.
Observation - it is looking carefully at something
Statistics - it is the organization and study of numerical
data.

31. MISLEADING RESULTS IN
RESEARCH:
Flaws in Research Design
Mistakes in Experiment or when
Analyzing the Data
Biases that can influence the results

32. English 10
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Language of Research, Campaigns
and Advocacies
EN10G-Iva-32

34. •Group Activity
• Groups study their assigned posters and identify the persuasive techniques
used.
• Examples of what to look for:
• Repetition
• Rhyme
• Emotional Appeal
• Call to Action

35. Guide Questions:
•What is the slogan?
•Which persuasive technique(s) were used?
•Why do they think it’s effective?

36. 👉 Campaign Language Characteristics
• Persuasive – tries to convince people to believe or act.
• Catchy – short and easy to remember.
• Emotional – appeals to feelings (hope, pride, fear, love).
• Action-Oriented – calls people to act immediately.
• 👉 Goal of a Campaign
• To convince people to support or do something (e.g., vote,
clean, protect, join, stop, save).

37. Direction: Identify the persuasive technique used.
1.“Stop, Look, Listen!”
2.“Say NO to drugs, YES to life!”
3.“Your vote, your power!”
4.“Keep it clean, keep it green!”

38. Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct word.
1.Advocacy combines _______ and persuasion.
2.“Say no to bullying!” is an example of an ______
statement.
3.Unlike research, advocacy is not only informative but
also _______.
4.Advocacy promotes a _______ or issue.

39. CAMPAIGN
and
ADVOCACY

40. ADVOVACY
MOVEMENT
POLITICAL
CAMPAIGN

41. CAMPAIGN
This can be a single ad or a
series of ads.
Campaign speech is basically a
well-planned speaking activity.

42. CAMPAIGN
It is usually a social or political in nature.
it has varying purposes, they are created
using similar structures, as well as through
the use of persuasive language in order to
convince audiences to perform a certain
function.

43. Campaign

45. 5 DIMENSIONS OF
A CAMPAIGN

46. 1.Awareness Raising – this is intended
to make the problem to be addressed
known by the general public.
EXAMPLE:

47. 2. Research – another dimension that is
based on research, since it provides the
necessary knowledge to take action.
- many stakeholders are involved here for
the complexity of the topics.
Example: Experimenting to come up
with a vaccine to cure COVID 19.

48. 3.Social Mobilization – these are used by
grassroots-based social movements, but
also as a tool for the elite and the state
itself.
Example: EDSA revolution, Human
Rights rally

49. 4. Training – it is the process focused on a clear and
specific target.
- it further develops the contents, but also the scope and
the vision.
- it runs in a mid-term and long-term scenario to get in-
depth into the topic.
- it completes the information-understanding cycle.
Example: Training police for proper actions on crime,
training for teachers to update them on teaching strategies,
trainings for nurses for new practices in caring for patients.

50. 5. Lobbying – it is an act to influence
decisions made by officials in the government.
- it is very effective since it points directly to
the legislator and regulatory agencies.
Example: POLITICS OF COALITION-
BUILDING FOR DEMOCRATIC REFORM: A
PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE

51. ADVOCACY
Advocacy is a Latin term made up of
two words “Ad” and “Voca” which
means “amplify” and “Voice” thus
advocacy is the process of amplifying
the voices of the voiceless.

52. ADVOCACY
Refers to an activities that argue, plead,
support, or favor a certain cause. Various
causes for advocacy usually aim to
influence decision making especially with
issues involving social, political,
environment, and economic perspectives.

53. ADVOCACY
Advocacy is a process of supporting and
enabling people to:

Express their views, thoughts and concerns

Access information, advice and guidance

Explore choices and options for services
and care

54. ADVOCACY
Advocacy speeches present a strong
points that may either support or
contradict existing policies and legal
mandates on specific topics or issues.

55. Advocacy