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Speed Bumps
Interfering
with your
Critical
Thinking
Chapter 2
You can still be taught
critical thinking and try to
create a more thoughtful you
However. . . . .
There are still
barriers that can
get in the way
We call them barriers or
speed bumps because. . .
– They can be overcome when you just slow
down
– They are there whether you are aware of
them or not
– Once you are aware of them, they still exist to
interfere with your progress
1. Discomfort
– Critical thinking is a social
activity
– Most are not comfortable
having his/her beliefs
questioned
– May feel threatened
2. Thinking
too quickly
– You need to evaluate everything
– Slow down
– You are making a decision on
little information or one that
most likely aligns with your
beliefs
– There will be a lot of room for
error
3. Stereotypes
– This is when you have preliminary beliefs
– We allege that because a person is a member of a
particular group, he must have a specific set of
characteristics
– These close our minds prematurely
4. Halo Effect
– We recognize one positive or negative quality or trait of a
person then associate that quality or trait with everything
about that person
– If someone does good work in the community, we assume
the person is a good person in his/her life.
5. Belief
Perseverance
– We all have beliefs and want to
stick with them
– They are valuable because they
are ours
– We stick to confirmation bias-
tendency to see only evidence
that confirms our beliefs
6. Recency Effect
– What is immediately available as a basis for
our thinking is often the most recent piece of
information we have encountered
– Ex. Flying is an extremely safe form of
traveling, yet after a plane crash, many refuse to
fly. A single crash plays a larger role in their
thinking than do the systematic safety statistics.
7. Answering the
Wrong Question
– When we provide an answer that
does not answer the question.
– It steers away from the question-
diverting
– Ex. The break up-
– Let us say that your significant
other is breaking up with you. You
ask- Do you love me anymore?
The response is: I have a lot on
my plate and I need to think
about my future.
8. Egocentrism
– The curse of knowledge
– We forget that there was a time
when we did not know much about
a topic
– Know your audience- do not talk
above them
9. Wishful Thinking:
Is this true because I want it to be true?
– A person is loyal to truthiness
when s/he/they prefer(s) facts or
concepts he wishes to be true,
rather than concepts or facts
known to be true.
– The facts conform to our beliefs
rather than fitting our beliefs to
facts.
Example of Wishful
Thinking
– Harry: It was Malfoy
– Professor McGonagall: That is a very serious accusation, Potter.
– Professor Snape: Indeed. Your evidence?
– Harry: I just know.
– Snape: You. . .just. . . Know? (sarcastically) Once again, you astound
me with your gifts, Potter.

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Eng 109 chapter 2 speed bumps interfering with your critical thinking

  • 2. You can still be taught critical thinking and try to create a more thoughtful you However. . . . .
  • 3. There are still barriers that can get in the way
  • 4. We call them barriers or speed bumps because. . . – They can be overcome when you just slow down – They are there whether you are aware of them or not – Once you are aware of them, they still exist to interfere with your progress
  • 5. 1. Discomfort – Critical thinking is a social activity – Most are not comfortable having his/her beliefs questioned – May feel threatened
  • 6. 2. Thinking too quickly – You need to evaluate everything – Slow down – You are making a decision on little information or one that most likely aligns with your beliefs – There will be a lot of room for error
  • 7. 3. Stereotypes – This is when you have preliminary beliefs – We allege that because a person is a member of a particular group, he must have a specific set of characteristics – These close our minds prematurely
  • 8. 4. Halo Effect – We recognize one positive or negative quality or trait of a person then associate that quality or trait with everything about that person – If someone does good work in the community, we assume the person is a good person in his/her life.
  • 9. 5. Belief Perseverance – We all have beliefs and want to stick with them – They are valuable because they are ours – We stick to confirmation bias- tendency to see only evidence that confirms our beliefs
  • 10. 6. Recency Effect – What is immediately available as a basis for our thinking is often the most recent piece of information we have encountered – Ex. Flying is an extremely safe form of traveling, yet after a plane crash, many refuse to fly. A single crash plays a larger role in their thinking than do the systematic safety statistics.
  • 11. 7. Answering the Wrong Question – When we provide an answer that does not answer the question. – It steers away from the question- diverting – Ex. The break up- – Let us say that your significant other is breaking up with you. You ask- Do you love me anymore? The response is: I have a lot on my plate and I need to think about my future.
  • 12. 8. Egocentrism – The curse of knowledge – We forget that there was a time when we did not know much about a topic – Know your audience- do not talk above them
  • 13. 9. Wishful Thinking: Is this true because I want it to be true? – A person is loyal to truthiness when s/he/they prefer(s) facts or concepts he wishes to be true, rather than concepts or facts known to be true. – The facts conform to our beliefs rather than fitting our beliefs to facts.
  • 14. Example of Wishful Thinking – Harry: It was Malfoy – Professor McGonagall: That is a very serious accusation, Potter. – Professor Snape: Indeed. Your evidence? – Harry: I just know. – Snape: You. . .just. . . Know? (sarcastically) Once again, you astound me with your gifts, Potter.