This document provides an overview and analysis of energy transition in Poland in 2019. Some of the key points summarized are:
1) The share of coal in Poland's energy mix remains high but decreased slightly, while gas usage increased. Renewable energy sources saw little growth and their share of the energy mix declined.
2) Greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector and overall are rising in Poland despite commitments to reduce them.
3) Poland now imports more electricity, coal and gas than in the past as domestic production no longer meets demand. Coal exports have ceased as the country has become a net importer.
Energy transition in poland. 2020 editionForum Energii
Electricity production from coal is decreasing, electricity imports are increasing; the importance of gas in the energy mix continues to grow, and renewable energy sources also play a more important role in the system. These are the key conclusions of the Forum's recent study "Energy transition in Poland". This is the third edition of the report, which presents key data on the state of the Polish energy sector and its changes.
160715 China Electricity Sector Transformation Continues_IEEFATim Buckley
- China reported key electricity figures for the first half of 2015, showing a continued transformation of the country's electricity sector away from coal.
- Coal consumption dropped 5% year-on-year despite a 1.3% increase in electricity demand, as China focuses on shifting to non-coal energy sources like wind, hydro, nuclear and solar.
- The decline in coal use and shift to renewable energy sources has major implications for countries exporting coal to China, as coal imports shrank 38% in the first half of 2015 and are on track to decline over 80 million tonnes for the full year.
In the first six months of 2021:
1. Electricity demand in the EU recovered to near pre-pandemic levels, but generation from fossil fuels did not recover fully due to growing renewable electricity, primarily wind and solar.
2. Coal generation was 16% lower than pre-pandemic levels as the structural decline of coal in the EU continued.
3. Clean electricity sources like renewables and nuclear provided two-thirds of the EU's electricity but progress must accelerate to meet the new 2030 climate targets.
1) Finland's CO2 emissions from energy production decreased 20% in 2020 compared to 2019, with emissions from electricity and district heating production at 9.4 Mt, a 73% reduction from 2000 levels.
2) Clean, CO2-neutral electricity production in Finland was already at 85% in 2020, with CO2 emissions from power generation down 24% from 2019 levels.
3) The share of renewable and CO2-neutral electricity in Finland increased in 2020, with renewable sources making up 51% of production and CO2-neutral sources accounting for 85% of production.
- Finnish electricity consumption in 2019 was 86 terawatt-hours (TWh), down 1.6% from 2018.
- Industrial electricity consumption was 39 TWh in 2019, down 4.4% from the previous year.
- Renewable energy sources accounted for 47% of electricity generation in 2019, while carbon dioxide-free sources (including nuclear) accounted for 82%. Domestic production met 51% of electricity needs, with the remainder coming from imports.
CO2 emissions from electricity generation in Finland remained the same in 2021 as in 2020, at 4.1 million tons. Renewable energy accounted for 54% of electricity production and CO2-neutral sources accounted for 87%. Total electricity production and imports increased in 2021 compared to 2020, with consumption rising 6% as it returned to pre-pandemic levels. Wholesale electricity prices increased sharply in 2021 due to various market factors.
The BP Statistical Review of World Energy documented that in 2018:
1) Primary energy consumption grew at its fastest rate since 2010, led by growth in natural gas and renewables.
2) Carbon dioxide emissions from energy use increased at the fastest rate in seven years.
3) While renewable energy continued rapid growth, its increase only accounted for a third of the required rise in global power generation. Coal provided a similar contribution and increased coal use in the power sector accounted for all of the growth in global coal consumption.
District heating is a significant source of heating in Finland. In 2020:
- Heat sales totaled 2,470 million euros and heat energy sold was 30.1 TWh.
- 56% of district heat supply came from carbon neutral sources such as renewables and heat recovery.
- The average price of district heating including taxes was 8.22 cents/kWh.
- Over 2.98 million inhabitants lived in apartments heated by district heating, which had a 46% market share.
Energy transition in poland. 2020 editionForum Energii
Electricity production from coal is decreasing, electricity imports are increasing; the importance of gas in the energy mix continues to grow, and renewable energy sources also play a more important role in the system. These are the key conclusions of the Forum's recent study "Energy transition in Poland". This is the third edition of the report, which presents key data on the state of the Polish energy sector and its changes.
160715 China Electricity Sector Transformation Continues_IEEFATim Buckley
- China reported key electricity figures for the first half of 2015, showing a continued transformation of the country's electricity sector away from coal.
- Coal consumption dropped 5% year-on-year despite a 1.3% increase in electricity demand, as China focuses on shifting to non-coal energy sources like wind, hydro, nuclear and solar.
- The decline in coal use and shift to renewable energy sources has major implications for countries exporting coal to China, as coal imports shrank 38% in the first half of 2015 and are on track to decline over 80 million tonnes for the full year.
In the first six months of 2021:
1. Electricity demand in the EU recovered to near pre-pandemic levels, but generation from fossil fuels did not recover fully due to growing renewable electricity, primarily wind and solar.
2. Coal generation was 16% lower than pre-pandemic levels as the structural decline of coal in the EU continued.
3. Clean electricity sources like renewables and nuclear provided two-thirds of the EU's electricity but progress must accelerate to meet the new 2030 climate targets.
1) Finland's CO2 emissions from energy production decreased 20% in 2020 compared to 2019, with emissions from electricity and district heating production at 9.4 Mt, a 73% reduction from 2000 levels.
2) Clean, CO2-neutral electricity production in Finland was already at 85% in 2020, with CO2 emissions from power generation down 24% from 2019 levels.
3) The share of renewable and CO2-neutral electricity in Finland increased in 2020, with renewable sources making up 51% of production and CO2-neutral sources accounting for 85% of production.
- Finnish electricity consumption in 2019 was 86 terawatt-hours (TWh), down 1.6% from 2018.
- Industrial electricity consumption was 39 TWh in 2019, down 4.4% from the previous year.
- Renewable energy sources accounted for 47% of electricity generation in 2019, while carbon dioxide-free sources (including nuclear) accounted for 82%. Domestic production met 51% of electricity needs, with the remainder coming from imports.
CO2 emissions from electricity generation in Finland remained the same in 2021 as in 2020, at 4.1 million tons. Renewable energy accounted for 54% of electricity production and CO2-neutral sources accounted for 87%. Total electricity production and imports increased in 2021 compared to 2020, with consumption rising 6% as it returned to pre-pandemic levels. Wholesale electricity prices increased sharply in 2021 due to various market factors.
The BP Statistical Review of World Energy documented that in 2018:
1) Primary energy consumption grew at its fastest rate since 2010, led by growth in natural gas and renewables.
2) Carbon dioxide emissions from energy use increased at the fastest rate in seven years.
3) While renewable energy continued rapid growth, its increase only accounted for a third of the required rise in global power generation. Coal provided a similar contribution and increased coal use in the power sector accounted for all of the growth in global coal consumption.
District heating is a significant source of heating in Finland. In 2020:
- Heat sales totaled 2,470 million euros and heat energy sold was 30.1 TWh.
- 56% of district heat supply came from carbon neutral sources such as renewables and heat recovery.
- The average price of district heating including taxes was 8.22 cents/kWh.
- Over 2.98 million inhabitants lived in apartments heated by district heating, which had a 46% market share.
Transition to a secure and low-carbon Swiss energy systemIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes the results of energy system modeling conducted for Switzerland using the Swiss TIMES Energy System Model (STEM). It finds that under a business as usual scenario, final energy demand declines 0.35% annually by 2050 due largely to efficiency gains. A low carbon scenario reduces CO2 emissions 60% by 2050 through electrification and renewable energy, but at an additional annual cost of CHF6.81 billion in 2050. Energy security goals lower fossil fuel imports 55% and CO2 intensity 25% by 2050 at an extra cost of CHF4 billion annually.
This report summarizes electricity market trends in Europe in the first quarter of 2017. Cold weather in January increased electricity demand and drove wholesale prices up to their highest level since 2012. Factors like low nuclear availability in France and Germany, as well as low renewable output, increased reliance on natural gas and contributed to high prices. Some countries imposed electricity export restrictions during this period. By March, temperatures rose and wholesale prices fell as nuclear output increased and renewables came back online. Retail electricity prices in Europe's capital cities rose 1.8% on average year-over-year in April 2017.
The cold winter of 2021 increased the need for district heating in Finland by 18% compared to the previous year. While heat consumption increased due to lower temperatures, temperature-corrected heat consumption stayed the same as in 2020. Over half (56%) of district heating now comes from renewable and recovered sources such as biomass, waste heat and geothermal. However, carbon dioxide emissions from district heating production increased by 28% in 2021 from the previous year due to increased energy demand during the cold winter.
NGSA's Outlook for Natural Gas Supply and Demand for 2016-2017 WinterMarcellus Drilling News
A report compiled by Energy Ventures Analysis, Inc. for the Natural Gas Supply Association predicting that winter 2016-2017 will be colder and snowier than last year, creating more demand for natural gas and ultimately driving the price of natgas higher.
In Q1 2017, Enea Group pursued key initiatives that increased the Group's competitiveness and sustainable development. Projects progressed on modernizing generation units, installing emission reduction technologies, developing the mining operations, and improving the grid and customer service. Financially, the Group delivered solid results with overall EBITDA decreasing slightly despite lower energy prices, while mining operations increased coal sales volume and profit.
The document summarizes key information from the 2018 edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy. It notes that in 2017, global primary energy consumption grew at its fastest pace since 2013, led by natural gas and renewables. Carbon emissions from energy consumption also increased by 1.6% after several years of little growth. Specifically for oil, consumption growth was above the 10-year average while production growth was below average.
Residential heat pumps in the future Danish energy systemIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses the potential role of residential heat pumps in future Danish energy systems based on energy system modeling. Residential heat pumps are found to supply 66-70% of individual heating demands after 2035, representing 24-28% of total heat demand. While Denmark's energy system can function without heat pumps, total system costs would increase by 16% and biomass use by 70%. Sensitivity analysis shows that parameters like heat pump performance and potential heat savings warrant further exploration to fully understand the impacts of residential heat pumps. The modeling highlights their potential to contribute flexibility and reduce excess renewable electricity production.
Tracking the effects of China's air pollution winter action plan - April updateLauri Myllyvirta
During winter 2017-2018, China implemented an ambitious action plan to tackle winter smog episodes. This presentation looks at the impacts of that action plan on air quality inside and outside the target region, breaks down the impact of policy and favorable weather conditions, and looks at what might be next for China's battle against air pollution.
Vattenfall’s Q2 and half-year results 2018Vattenfall
- Vattenfall reported a stable financial result for the first half of 2018, with a profit of SEK 7.1 billion, up SEK 1.2 billion from the previous year.
- Net sales increased 10% to SEK 76.3 billion, driven by higher electricity sales volumes and prices in several European markets.
- Underlying operating profit was stable at SEK 13.1 billion despite difficult market conditions for heat generation due to higher fuel and CO2 costs.
- Electricity generation increased 1.7 TWh to 66.6 TWh due to higher hydro power output, offsetting lower fossil fuel generation.
The document summarizes Ireland's Public Service Obligation (PSO) levy, which subsidizes peat, renewables, and security of supply. In 2014/15, the PSO levy raised €335.4 million, and increased households' electricity bills by €71.52. Oil prices have risen recently due to geopolitical factors, while natural gas and electricity prices remain low due to increased liquefied natural gas imports. The euro has strengthened against the British pound ahead of the UK's May elections.
The document discusses the upcoming requirements for large companies in Ireland to complete energy audits based on an EU directive. It notes that while the directive requires audits by December 2015, specifics on requirements have not been published yet. It also provides an overview of the natural gas and electricity markets, recommending clients lock in pricing when it dips below certain thresholds. Additional services from SmartPower related to energy procurement and savings are also listed.
Poyry-How will Lancashire shale gas impact the GB energy market? - Point of ViewPöyry
Shale gas production in the US is massive, exceeding 200bcm per annum. This has
led to a dramatic drop in gas prices and has returned the US to near self-sufficiency in
natural gas. High volumes of shale gas have even triggered requests for LNG exports.
However, the US picture has not been replicated anywhere in the world. In Europe,
shale gas continues to be hotly debated. Pöyry investigated this for the GB energy
regulator, Ofgem, in 2011 to examine the potential impacts of unconventional gas on
European gas markets. However, much has changed recently that has caused us to revisit
our analysis.
Enea CG reported strong financial results in H1 2017. Key highlights include:
- Net sales revenue of PLN 5.6 billion, EBITDA of PLN 1.36 billion, and net profit of PLN 624 million.
- EBITDA growth of 12.6% year-over-year driven by increased generation capacity from the acquisition of Połaniec Power Plant and higher sales volumes and revenues from mining, distribution, and trade.
- Mining segment EBITDA grew 13.6% due to higher coal sales volumes and lower unit production costs. Generation segment EBITDA grew 28.9% mainly from the addition of Połaniec Power Plant.
By Robert Sansom, Imperial College
Presented at 'UK Energy System in Transition: Technology, Infrastructure and Investment'; an event organised by the UK Energy Research Centre, ClimateXChange and the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation, on Tuesday 1 April 2014, 14.00-17.00, in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
The document provides information about Fortum's operations and sustainable business practices in Lithuania. It discusses Fortum's investments in various energy projects in Lithuania, including a waste-to-energy plant in Klaipeda. The Klaipeda plant processes 245,000 tons of municipal and industrial waste per year, producing 400 GWh of heat and 140 GWh of electricity. The plant uses best available technologies to ensure environmentally sound waste incineration. Emissions from the plant are well within regulatory limits. The document also outlines Fortum's plans to develop a similar waste-to-energy plant in Kaunas, which would process waste to produce 560 GWh of heat and 250 GWh of electricity annually.
District cooling in Finland saw increases in both delivered energy and connected load in 2021. Delivered energy was up almost 17% from the previous year, having more than doubled over the last decade. Connected load grew by 8% and has tripled in the last 10 years. Nearly 90% of district cooling energy comes from unused sources like ambient heat from the air, sea, lakes and rivers. Heat pumps are often used to produce both cooling and heating energy simultaneously. Eleven energy companies across Finland have been providing district cooling services between 1998 and 2018.
Net Energy Generation by Source 2006 to June 2016Bruce LaCour
The document shows net electricity generation in the US by energy source from 2006 to mid-2016. It finds that natural gas and other sources like wind and solar have significantly increased as coal consumption rapidly declines. It predicts that coal will drop to less than 25% of total electricity within 10 years, while some states increase renewables more than others and some rely mainly on natural gas.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
This presentation was presented by Paweł WRÓBEL during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Paweł WRÓBEL to upload this presentation slide.
Transition to a secure and low-carbon Swiss energy systemIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes the results of energy system modeling conducted for Switzerland using the Swiss TIMES Energy System Model (STEM). It finds that under a business as usual scenario, final energy demand declines 0.35% annually by 2050 due largely to efficiency gains. A low carbon scenario reduces CO2 emissions 60% by 2050 through electrification and renewable energy, but at an additional annual cost of CHF6.81 billion in 2050. Energy security goals lower fossil fuel imports 55% and CO2 intensity 25% by 2050 at an extra cost of CHF4 billion annually.
This report summarizes electricity market trends in Europe in the first quarter of 2017. Cold weather in January increased electricity demand and drove wholesale prices up to their highest level since 2012. Factors like low nuclear availability in France and Germany, as well as low renewable output, increased reliance on natural gas and contributed to high prices. Some countries imposed electricity export restrictions during this period. By March, temperatures rose and wholesale prices fell as nuclear output increased and renewables came back online. Retail electricity prices in Europe's capital cities rose 1.8% on average year-over-year in April 2017.
The cold winter of 2021 increased the need for district heating in Finland by 18% compared to the previous year. While heat consumption increased due to lower temperatures, temperature-corrected heat consumption stayed the same as in 2020. Over half (56%) of district heating now comes from renewable and recovered sources such as biomass, waste heat and geothermal. However, carbon dioxide emissions from district heating production increased by 28% in 2021 from the previous year due to increased energy demand during the cold winter.
NGSA's Outlook for Natural Gas Supply and Demand for 2016-2017 WinterMarcellus Drilling News
A report compiled by Energy Ventures Analysis, Inc. for the Natural Gas Supply Association predicting that winter 2016-2017 will be colder and snowier than last year, creating more demand for natural gas and ultimately driving the price of natgas higher.
In Q1 2017, Enea Group pursued key initiatives that increased the Group's competitiveness and sustainable development. Projects progressed on modernizing generation units, installing emission reduction technologies, developing the mining operations, and improving the grid and customer service. Financially, the Group delivered solid results with overall EBITDA decreasing slightly despite lower energy prices, while mining operations increased coal sales volume and profit.
The document summarizes key information from the 2018 edition of the BP Statistical Review of World Energy. It notes that in 2017, global primary energy consumption grew at its fastest pace since 2013, led by natural gas and renewables. Carbon emissions from energy consumption also increased by 1.6% after several years of little growth. Specifically for oil, consumption growth was above the 10-year average while production growth was below average.
Residential heat pumps in the future Danish energy systemIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses the potential role of residential heat pumps in future Danish energy systems based on energy system modeling. Residential heat pumps are found to supply 66-70% of individual heating demands after 2035, representing 24-28% of total heat demand. While Denmark's energy system can function without heat pumps, total system costs would increase by 16% and biomass use by 70%. Sensitivity analysis shows that parameters like heat pump performance and potential heat savings warrant further exploration to fully understand the impacts of residential heat pumps. The modeling highlights their potential to contribute flexibility and reduce excess renewable electricity production.
Tracking the effects of China's air pollution winter action plan - April updateLauri Myllyvirta
During winter 2017-2018, China implemented an ambitious action plan to tackle winter smog episodes. This presentation looks at the impacts of that action plan on air quality inside and outside the target region, breaks down the impact of policy and favorable weather conditions, and looks at what might be next for China's battle against air pollution.
Vattenfall’s Q2 and half-year results 2018Vattenfall
- Vattenfall reported a stable financial result for the first half of 2018, with a profit of SEK 7.1 billion, up SEK 1.2 billion from the previous year.
- Net sales increased 10% to SEK 76.3 billion, driven by higher electricity sales volumes and prices in several European markets.
- Underlying operating profit was stable at SEK 13.1 billion despite difficult market conditions for heat generation due to higher fuel and CO2 costs.
- Electricity generation increased 1.7 TWh to 66.6 TWh due to higher hydro power output, offsetting lower fossil fuel generation.
The document summarizes Ireland's Public Service Obligation (PSO) levy, which subsidizes peat, renewables, and security of supply. In 2014/15, the PSO levy raised €335.4 million, and increased households' electricity bills by €71.52. Oil prices have risen recently due to geopolitical factors, while natural gas and electricity prices remain low due to increased liquefied natural gas imports. The euro has strengthened against the British pound ahead of the UK's May elections.
The document discusses the upcoming requirements for large companies in Ireland to complete energy audits based on an EU directive. It notes that while the directive requires audits by December 2015, specifics on requirements have not been published yet. It also provides an overview of the natural gas and electricity markets, recommending clients lock in pricing when it dips below certain thresholds. Additional services from SmartPower related to energy procurement and savings are also listed.
Poyry-How will Lancashire shale gas impact the GB energy market? - Point of ViewPöyry
Shale gas production in the US is massive, exceeding 200bcm per annum. This has
led to a dramatic drop in gas prices and has returned the US to near self-sufficiency in
natural gas. High volumes of shale gas have even triggered requests for LNG exports.
However, the US picture has not been replicated anywhere in the world. In Europe,
shale gas continues to be hotly debated. Pöyry investigated this for the GB energy
regulator, Ofgem, in 2011 to examine the potential impacts of unconventional gas on
European gas markets. However, much has changed recently that has caused us to revisit
our analysis.
Enea CG reported strong financial results in H1 2017. Key highlights include:
- Net sales revenue of PLN 5.6 billion, EBITDA of PLN 1.36 billion, and net profit of PLN 624 million.
- EBITDA growth of 12.6% year-over-year driven by increased generation capacity from the acquisition of Połaniec Power Plant and higher sales volumes and revenues from mining, distribution, and trade.
- Mining segment EBITDA grew 13.6% due to higher coal sales volumes and lower unit production costs. Generation segment EBITDA grew 28.9% mainly from the addition of Połaniec Power Plant.
By Robert Sansom, Imperial College
Presented at 'UK Energy System in Transition: Technology, Infrastructure and Investment'; an event organised by the UK Energy Research Centre, ClimateXChange and the Edinburgh Centre for Carbon Innovation, on Tuesday 1 April 2014, 14.00-17.00, in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
The document provides information about Fortum's operations and sustainable business practices in Lithuania. It discusses Fortum's investments in various energy projects in Lithuania, including a waste-to-energy plant in Klaipeda. The Klaipeda plant processes 245,000 tons of municipal and industrial waste per year, producing 400 GWh of heat and 140 GWh of electricity. The plant uses best available technologies to ensure environmentally sound waste incineration. Emissions from the plant are well within regulatory limits. The document also outlines Fortum's plans to develop a similar waste-to-energy plant in Kaunas, which would process waste to produce 560 GWh of heat and 250 GWh of electricity annually.
District cooling in Finland saw increases in both delivered energy and connected load in 2021. Delivered energy was up almost 17% from the previous year, having more than doubled over the last decade. Connected load grew by 8% and has tripled in the last 10 years. Nearly 90% of district cooling energy comes from unused sources like ambient heat from the air, sea, lakes and rivers. Heat pumps are often used to produce both cooling and heating energy simultaneously. Eleven energy companies across Finland have been providing district cooling services between 1998 and 2018.
Net Energy Generation by Source 2006 to June 2016Bruce LaCour
The document shows net electricity generation in the US by energy source from 2006 to mid-2016. It finds that natural gas and other sources like wind and solar have significantly increased as coal consumption rapidly declines. It predicts that coal will drop to less than 25% of total electricity within 10 years, while some states increase renewables more than others and some rely mainly on natural gas.
An abridged version of the Annual Energy Outlook that highlights changes in the AEO Reference case projections for key energy topics. The Early Release includes data tables for the Reference case only. The AEO2014 full version will be released early Spring 2014.
This presentation was presented by Paweł WRÓBEL during the annual SITE Development Day 2021 conference at Stockholm School of Economics via Zoom.
Disclaimer: SITE has the permission from Paweł WRÓBEL to upload this presentation slide.
Keeping The Lights On - MSLGROUP Energy Report January 2014MSL
Rising consumer prices, unrealistic renewable energy subsidies, crumbling financial models -- in this report, we share insights on the challenges facing the European power market and the role of communications in trying to re-establish trust and build empathy between producers and their customers.
At MSLGROUP, we represent a wide range of power companies across Europe, ranging from large scale utilities to small scale renewables; from nuclear to solar and all points in between. We are actively engaged in helping our clients communicate around these issues and relish the challenge! We hope that you enjoy this report and welcome your feedback.
So don’t hesitate to contact us with your thoughts.
Global CO2 emissions from energy use hit a record high in 2021, increasing by 6% over 2020 levels to 36.3 gigatonnes. This was driven by a sharp economic recovery from the pandemic, with global GDP growing 5.9%. Coal emissions reached an all-time high due to its use to generate over half of increased electricity demand. While renewable power saw strong growth, the increased emissions have weakened progress towards the goal of net zero by 2050. China accounted for the majority of increased global emissions between 2019-2021, with its emissions intensity from GDP growth still high.
This is a comprehensive analysis of the gas upstream sector in Ukraine. It is a sectoral guide for perspective investors who are exploring opportunities in Ukraine. The report includes key figures characterizing the market, as well as information about the ongoing projects. This report also contains the list of forthcoming reforms and policy development needed to boost Ukrainian gas extraction. The report was prepared by the Office of the National Investment Council of Ukraine and presented at the Council meeting in Kyiv, on May 25, 2018
Poland, going through an economic and energy transitionLeonardo ENERGY
Poland relies heavily on fossil fuels like coal and lignite for its energy needs. Coal and lignite represent over 50% of Poland's energy demand. While developing renewable energy, Poland aims to diversify its energy sources and increase energy security through developing nuclear power and importing natural gas via new LNG terminals and interconnectors. The national energy plan aims to improve energy efficiency, enhance energy security, and increase the renewable energy share to 15% by 2020.
Leonardo Senni, Head of the Department of Energy , Italian Ministry of Econom...WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
CCXG Global Forum March 2018, Shifting to low-carbon investment flows in the ...OECD Environment
The document discusses trends in global energy investment based on analysis from the IEA's World Energy Investment and other reports. It notes that total energy investment fell for the second consecutive year in 2016 to $1.7 trillion. Electricity investment surpassed oil and gas for the first time, while energy efficiency saw the largest growth. Investment in clean power like solar and wind has increased but not kept pace with rising demand. More investment is needed in areas like energy efficiency, digital grid infrastructure, and clean energy research to put the world on a trajectory consistent with 2°C or lower climate goals.
CCXG March 2019 Laura Cozzi IEA Insights Flagship ProductsOECD Environment
1) Global energy demand grew 2.3% in 2018, the fastest pace this decade, driven by robust economic growth, weather conditions, and moderate energy prices.
2) Coal demand increased in emerging Asia but declined in advanced economies due to policies driving down coal use.
3) While renewables like solar and wind grew substantially in electricity generation, this growth was not fast enough to reduce overall power sector emissions, which increased due to higher fossil fuel demand.
Modernising the european lignite triangleForum Energii
In a new study, Agora Energiewende and Forum Energii analyse the opportunity for a phase out from lignite and the effects this would have in the power sector in Poland, Czech Republic, and Germany by 2032. The study finds that an accelerated phase out is technically and economically feasible if coordinated among the three countries – provided, lignite is being substituted by renewable energy sources.
This document provides an overview of heating in Poland. It finds that individual household heating accounts for 76% of heat consumption while district heating accounts for 24%. Most buildings in Poland were constructed before 1988 and have a low energy efficiency standard. Coal dominates heat production, accounting for 47.7% of heating fuel. CO2 emissions from heating, particularly from individual households, remain high. The main source of air pollution is the combustion of solid fuels in individually heated households. Energy poverty affects about 12% of the Polish population, with most energy poor living in single-family homes built between 1961-1995.
The document summarizes key highlights from the 2022 Statistical Review of World Energy. It notes that primary energy use increased 1% in 2022 to reach 2.8% above 2019 levels, driven mostly by non-OECD countries. Carbon emissions reached a new record high in 2022 of 39.3 billion tonnes, with energy-related emissions increasing 0.9%. Global prices of oil, natural gas, coal, and key minerals like lithium and cobalt increased sharply in 2022.
From Brussels to Paris and Beyond - ON Energy Report November '15MSL
MSLGROUP's latest edition of ON Energy Report looks at the evolving European Energy landscape in the context of the forthcoming jamboree that is COP21. With carbon reduction at the top of the agenda, we take a look at some of the challenges and opportunities that we face, and some of the communications needs that the industry has to grapple with.
For future updates, please contact Nick Bastin, Partner, CNC and Head of MSLGROUP’s EMEA Energy Practice at nick.bastin@cnc-communications.com.
Do share your queries/feedback with our team at @CNC_comms or reach out to us on twitter @msl_group.
Dr. Birol discusses the changing global energy context and future outlook. Key points include: (1) renewable energy supplied half of global electricity demand growth in 2016 and nuclear capacity reached its highest level since 1993; (2) universal energy access remains a challenge with 1.2 billion lacking electricity and 2.7 billion lacking clean cooking; (3) US shale oil production has increased significantly at lower costs, altering global oil markets; and (4) a growing role for liquefied natural gas and efficiency measures have helped reduce energy demand growth, but more progress is still needed on technologies like carbon capture to meet climate targets.
Panel discussion «integration of the ukrainian energy system into entso e key challenges and tasks». Within XV International Forum “Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine: the present and the future”
Kyiv, International Exhibition Center, 8 November, 2017.
The document provides an overview and highlights from DNV's Energy Transition Outlook 2022 report. It summarizes that high energy prices and security concerns due to the war in Ukraine will not slow the long-term energy transition, though some short-term impacts are expected. Electricity remains the main driver of the transition and will more than double by 2050 as renewables like solar and wind grow rapidly. However, the report finds that global efforts have fallen short of the urgent action needed to limit warming to 1.5°C, and additional policies and measures are required to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.
LNG is becoming the preferred way to transport natural gas over long distances, with the number of importing countries expected to reach 50 by the mid-2020s, up from fewer than 10 in 2000. In 2018, wind, solar PV and bioenergy provided 11% of electricity in G20 countries while nuclear provided 12% and hydro 16%. There are four key opportunities to scale up hydrogen between now and 2030 to help meet energy security and decarbonization goals. Worldwide improvements in energy efficiency are slowing, despite significant untapped potential, and stronger action is imperative.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. Energy transition in Poland
2
AUTHORS:
Rafał Macuk
Joanna Maćkowiak-Pandera, PhD
Aleksandra Gawlikowska-Fyk, PhD
Andrzej Rubczyński
DATE OF PUBLICATION:
April 2019
Forum Energii is the Polish think tank forging the foundations of an effective, secure, clean and innovative energy system.
All Forum Energii analyses may be copied and duplicated free of charge as long as the source and authors are indicated.
3. Energy transition in Poland
3
Main conclusions 06
Generation capacity 07
Installed capacity in the Polish system in 2018 08
Change in installed capacity in 2018 as compared to 2017 09
Changes in installed capacity 10
Changes in installed RES capacity 11
Electricity production 12
Electricity production in 2018 13
Change in electricity production in 2018 as compared to 2017 14
Changes in electricity production 15
Changes in electricity production from renewable energy sources 16
APRIL 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4. Energy transition in Poland
4
Energy balance 17
Balance of domestic of electricity production and consumption 18
Change in electricity demand 19
Change in peak power demand 20
Emissions 21
Total national greenhouse gas emissions 22
Power and heating sector greenhouse gas emissions 23
Power sector gas and dust emissions 24
Electricity prices 25
Comparison of spot electricity prices on neighbouring markets 26
Power sector fuels 27
Domestic production of hard coal 28
Trade balance of steam hard coal 29
Domestic consumption of steam hard coal in 2017 30
Domestic natural gas consumption 31
Supply of natural gas 32
APRIL 2019
5. Energy transition in Poland
5
Foreword
We are pleased to present you the second edition of our review of the most important data describing the condition of the energy transition in Poland.
Lastyear’sreportindicatedaslowbeginningoftheprocessofchangesinthePolishpowersector.However,thisyear’sdataareinterpretedinadifferent
way. The figures confirm that the current energy model is coming to an end, but it is still not clear what will come instead.
The trend of gradual decrease in the share of coal and diversification of the energy mix continued. However, this is not the result of the commitments
made by our country until 2020 and 2030. The direction of the changes is neither consistent with the objectives of the Winter Package. Changes of
the Polish energy mix do not result from the growing role of RES, but from the increased use of gas units.In 2018, the volume of electricity from new
RES investments was symbolic. Greenhouse gas emissions were increasing.
I particularly encourage you to have a closer look at the coal import data. Growing imports have not been off the front pages of the newspapers in the
last year. In our report, we demonstrate that simultaneously to beating import records, mainly from Russia, Poland is no longer an exporter of this fuel.
For decades we have learned to think of coal as a pillar of energy security and trade balance of our country. The facts we have gathered prove that it
is time to forget about it.
Yours faithfully
Joanna Maćkowiak-Pandera
President of Forum Energii
6. Energy transition in Poland
6
Main conclusions
• The share of imports in covering domestic energy needs is increasing. Record imports of electricity, coal and gas were noted.
• Energy mix diversification is progressing towards greater utilization of gas units. The share of coal remains unchanged.
• Greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise, including in the power sector.
• In 2018, the share of RES in Polish energy mix did not grow. New investments are missing.
8. Energy transition in Poland
8
Installed capacity in the Polish system in 2018
• The share of installed capacity in lignite and hard coal decreased from 72% in 2017 to 70% at the end of 2018.
• The share of installed capacity of gas units increased by 1 p.p.
Source: based on data of the Agencja Rynku Energii S.A. (ARE).
As of 31.12.2018
HYDRO
1.0 GW
2.2%
ONSHORE WIND
5.8 GW
13.2%
BIOGAS
0.2 GW
0.5%
BIOMASS
0.9 GW
2.0%
PHOTOVOLTAICS
0.6 GW
1.3%
HARD COAL
21.8 GW
49.3%
LIGNITE
9.3 GW
21.0%
NATURAL GAS
2.6 GW
6.0%
OTHER INDUSTRIAL
0.6 GW
1.4%
PUMPED-STORAGE
1.4 GW
3.2%
RES
8.5 GW
19.2%
9. Energy transition in Poland
9
Change in installed capacity in 2018 as compared to 2017
• The increase in installed capacity in gas units is a result of the completion of the investment in the industrial CHP plant in Płock.
• The installed capacity of photovoltaic panels increased by more than 80% year-to-year.
-200
-100
0
-88
585
271
0 0 0
-8
17 17 10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
MW
NATURAL GASLIGNITEHARD COAL PUMPED
-STORAGE
BIOMASSHYDRO ONSHORE WIND PHOTOVOLTAICSBIOGASOTHER
INDUSTRIAL
Source: based on data of ARE.
10. Energy transition in Poland
10
Changes in installed capacity
• In the last decade, new capacities consisted of mainly RES and gas-fired industrial units.
Source: based on data of ARE.
* Since 2016, the “industrial” category has been disaggregated by fuel type.
GW
0
20
30
40
50
10
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
NATURAL GASLIGNITEHARD COAL PUMPED-STORAGEINDUSTRIAL RES
11. Energy transition in Poland
11
Changes in installed RES capacity
• The installed PV capacity tripled to 560 MW in 2016-18.
• Other renewable sources development is halted since 2016.
Source: based on data of ARE.
0
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5
1
GW
BIOMASSHYDRO ONSHORE WIND PHOTOVOLTAICSBIOGAS
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
13. Energy transition in Poland
13
HARD COAL
83.5 TWh
49.1%
LIGNITE
49.4 TWh
29.1%
NATURAL GAS
12.2 TWh
7.2%
OTHER INDUSTRIAL
2.9 TWh
1.7%
PUMPED-STORAGE
0.4 TWh
0.2%
HYDRO
2.0 TWh
1.2%
BIOGAS
1.1 TWh
0.7%
BIOMASS
3.8 TWh
2.3%
BIOMASS
COFIRING
1.5 TWh
0.9%
ONSHORE
WIND
12.8 TWh
7.6%
PHOTOVOLTAICS
0.3 TWh
0.2%
RES
21.6 TWh
12.7%
Electricity production in 2018
• Coal is the most important fuel in electricity production - its share was 78.1% compared to 78.4% in 2017.
• The importance of gas is growing. Its share in the energy mix was 7.2% compared to 5.6% in 2017.
• The share of RES in electricity production decreased to 12.7% from 14.1% in 2017.
Source: based on data of ARE.
14. Energy transition in Poland
14
Change in electricity production in 2018 as compared to 2017
• The decrease in lignite production results mainly from the shutdown of the Adamów power plant.
• The decrease in production from onshore wind power plants is related to unfavourable legal regulations and less wind.
• The production of electricity from coal and gas increased after the completion of the Kozienice power plant and the CHP plant
in Płock.
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
GWh
2383
2683
-65 -57
96
355
-317
-2061
135
-589
-2847
NATURAL
GAS
LIGNITEHARD COAL PUMPED
-STORAGE
BIOMASS
COFIRING
HYDRO BIOGAS PHOTOVOLTAICSONSHORE
WIND
BIOMASSOTHER
INDUSTRIAL
Source: based on data of ARE.
15. Energy transition in Poland
15
Changes in electricity production
• In the last decade, the share of natural gas in the energy mix has increased significantly.
• The changes in other sources were minor.
Source: based on data of ARE.
* Since 2016, the “industrial” category has been disaggregated by fuel type.
20
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
TWh
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
NATURAL GASLIGNITEHARD COAL PUMPED-STORAGEINDUSTRIAL RES
16. Energy transition in Poland
16
Changes in electricity production from renewable energy sources
• In 2018, the lowest production and the lowest share of RES in the mix after 2014 were noted.
Source: based on data of ARE.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
TWh
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
BIOMASSHYDRO ONSHORE WIND PHOTOVOLTAICSBIOGAS BIOMASS COFIRING
18. Energy transition in Poland
18
Balance of domestic electricity production and consumption
• In 2018, electricity production remained at the 2017 level.
• The growing demand for electricity was covered by imports. The net import volume increased two-and-half-fold.
Source: based on data of ARE.
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
TWh
PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
5.7 TWh
2.3 TWh
19. Energy transition in Poland
19
Change in electricity demand
• In 2009-18 the demand for electricity in Poland increased on average by 1.6%, and last year by 1.8%.
• GDP is growing faster than electricity demand.
Source: based on data of ARE and Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS).
-2.6%
4.5%
1.4%
0.5% 0.5% 0.8%
2.1% 2.4% 2.4% 1.8%
5.4% 5.4%
7.9%
6.6%
1.7%
3.8% 3.8% 3.1%
4.8% 5.1%
149.4
156.1
158.3 159.1 159.9
161.3
164.6
168.6
172.7
175.8
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
TWh
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
ELECTRICITY DEMAND GROWTH y/y GDP GROWTH y/yELECTRICITY DEMAND
20. Energy transition in Poland
20
Change in peak power demand
• The annual maximum peak power demand in the Polish system is growing - in 2018 it reached a new record level of 26.45 GW.
• The problem of rapidly growing peak power demand in summer is worsening.
Source: based on data of the Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A. (PSE).
18
20
22
24
26
28
GW
ANNUAL MAXIMUM SUMMER PERIOD MAXIMUM
4.8 GW
2.7 GW
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
22. Energy transition in Poland
22
Total national greenhouse gas emissions
• In 2017, total greenhouse gas emissions increased by 16 million tonnes or about 4% compared to the previous year.
• The upward trend has been continuing since 2014.
Source: based on data of the European Environment Agency (EEA).
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
mlntonnesofCO2
equivalent
-28%
-12%
+4%
23. Energy transition in Poland
23
Power and heating sector greenhouse gas emissions
• Emissions from the power sector increased in 2017 by 1% compared to 2016.
• Emissions from the heating sector remain constant.
Source: based on data of EEA.
0
50
100
150
200
250
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
POWER AND CHP PLANTS HEAT ONLY BOILER PLANTS
-29%
-74%
-73%
-15%
-22%
-7%
mlntonnesofCO2
equivalent
24. Energy transition in Poland
24
Power sector gas and dust emissions
• In 2016, over 40% reduction in SOx
emissions was observed. Emission reductions result from the implementation of the Industrial
Emissions Directive.
• In 2016, the trend of slow NOx
and dust emission reduction continued.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
thousandtonnes
SOX
NOX
DUST
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: based on data of GUS.
26. Energy transition in Poland
26
Comparison of spot electricity prices on neighbouring markets
• In 2018, the whole region experienced a significant increase in electricity prices.
• It is evident that prices on neighbouring markets in the European Union are progressively levelling out,
as a result of the functioning of the internal electricity market.
Source: based on data of Towarowa Giełda Energii S.A. (TGE), European Energy Exchange AG (EEX), Nordpool, OTE, a.s.
0
Quarter
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
€/MWh
SWEDEN LITHUANIA GERMANY CZECHIA SLOVAKIAPOLAND
28. Energy transition in Poland
28
Domestic production of hard coal
• In 2018, hard coal production decreased by 2 million tonnes compared to 2017.
Source: based on data of GUS and Polski Rynek Węgla
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
mlntonnes
COKING COALSTEAM COALTOTAL HARD COAL
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
29. Energy transition in Poland
29
Trade balance of steam hard coal
• Steam coal imports are a record high, with over 78% of the volume coming from Russia. Other main import directions are Colombia,
the USA and Kazakhstan.
• Exports from Poland are the lowest in 15 years.
IMPORTEXPORTmlntonnes
0
4
8
12
16
20
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*
20
16
12
8
4
0
-
CZECHIA
CZECHIA SLOVAKIA AUSTRIA GERMANY
RUSSIA OTHERS (IMPORTS)
OTHERS (EXPORTS)
IMPORT:
EXPORT:
Source: based on data of Eurostat.
*preliminary data
30. Energy transition in Poland
30
Domestic consumption of steam hard coal in 2017
• Almost half of the steam coal, 30.7 million tonnes, was used to generate electricity.
• Over 40% of the volume, i.e. 25 million tonnes, was used for heating purposes.
Source: based on data of GUS and Polski Rynek Węgla.
HOUSEHOLDS
10.2 mln tonnes
16.5%
HEATING SECTOR
12.3 mln tonnes
19.9%
POWER SECTOR
30.7 mln tonnes
49.5%
OTHER INDUSTRIAL
6.3 mln tonnes
10.1%
OTHER
2.5 mln tonnes
4.0%
31. Energy transition in Poland
31
Domestic natural gas consumption
• In 2017, the consumption of high-methane natural gas increased to 16.4 billion m3
, i.e. by over 25% in 9 years.
• In the same period, domestic production decreased by 18% and amounted to 1.7 billion m3
.
• Nitrified natural gas comes entirely from domestic production. Its use is at a constant level of approx. 3.8 billion m3
annually.
Source: based on data of GUS, Energy Regulatory Office (URE), and Ministry of Energy.
21.1%
8.5%
15.7%
52.1%
2.4% 0.2%
INDUSTRIAL
SERVICES
POWERHEATING SECTOR
HOUSEHOLDS
OTHER TRANSPORTATION
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
billionm3
NITRIFIED
HIGH-METANE (EXCHANGE BALANCE)
HIGH-METANE (DOMESTIC)
2017
32. Energy transition in Poland
32
Supply of natural gas
• Imports from the East account for more than 50% of gas supplies.
• In 2017, imports from other directions increased, mainly due to contracts for the purchase of liquefied gas.
Source: based on data of GUS, URE, and Ministry of Energy.
2016 2017
DOMESTIC
PRODUCTION
45.9 TWh
22.6%
DOMESTIC
PRODUCTION
44.9 TWh
21.0%
GERMANY
28.3 TWh
14.0%
GERMANY
37.9 TWh
17.8%
NORWAY
0.9 TWh
0.4%
OTHER EU-28 MEMBERS
0.1 TWh
0.03%
OTHER EU-28 MEMBERS
1.3 TWh
0.6%
NORWAY
0.9 TWh
0.4%
USA
1.0 TWh
0.5%
QATAR
11.1 TWh
5.5%
THE EAST
116.7 TWh
57.5%
QATAR
16.9 TWh
7.9%
THE EAST
110.4 TWh
51.8%