This document discusses different types of energy resources in India. It describes conventional resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas and their distribution in India. It also discusses non-conventional or renewable resources like solar, wind, tidal, biogas energies and their use in India. The document emphasizes the importance of conservation of energy resources for sustainable development and lists some measures to conserve energy.

3. SUBJECT ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITY
Sub: Social Science
THE GREENFINGERS SCHOOL, AKLUJ

5. WHAT ARE ENERGY RESOURCES ?
Energy resources are all forms of fuels
used in the modern world, either for
heating, generation of electrical energy,
or for other forms of energy conversion
processes.
Examples - Coal,Petroleum,Natural gas,
Solar energy, Tidal energy, Biogas,Oil,
Wind, etc.

6. There are two types of Energy Resources

7. Conventional Sources
Conventional energy directly mean the energy
source which is fixed in nature like oil, gas and
coal. In other words conventional energy is also
termed as non-renewable energy sources.
Coal Natural gas Nuclear power

8.  India is highly dependent on
coal for meeting its
commercial energy
requirements. Depending on
the degree of compression
during its formation, there
are varieties of coal.
 In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main
geological ages. The Gondwana coal was formed over
200 million years ago. The tertiary deposits are about
55 million years old.
Coal

9. Coal Deposits In India
 Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coalfields.
 Coal deposits are also present in the Godavari, Mahanadi,
Son and Wardha valleys.
The major sources of Gondwana coal are located in the
Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhan).

10. Petroleum
 Petroleum or mineral oil is the next
major energy source in India after coal.
 Petroleum refineries act as a “nodal
industry” for synthetic textile, fertile
and numerous chemical industries.
 The oil is prevented from rising or
sinking by intervening non – porous
layer.
 About 63 per cent of India’s petroleum
production is from Mumbai High, 18
per cent from the 3 major off shore
field of western India.

11. Natural Gas
 Natural gas is an important clean energy
resource found in association with or
without petroleum.
 It is used as a source of energy as well as an
industrial raw material in the petrochemical
industry.
 The fuel for the present century.
 Andaman and Nicobar are land are also
important areas having large reserves of
natural gas.
 The 1700 km long Hazira – Bijapur Jagdishpur
cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High
and Bassein with the fertilizer power and
industrial complexes in western and
northern India.
 The power and fertilizer industries are the
key users of natural gas.

12. Distribution of Coal, Oil and Natural Gas

13. Electricity
 Electricity has such a wide range of
application in today’s world that its per
capita consumption is considered as an
index of development.
 Electricity is generated mainly in two ways
by running water.
 Burning of fuels such a coal petroleum gas
to drive turbines to produce thermal
power.
 Hydro electricity is generated by fast
flowing water.
 Thermal electricity is generated by using
coal, petroleum and natural gas
 There are over 310 thermal power plants
in India.

14. Major Hydro Electricity Plants

15. Nuclear or Atomic Energy
 It is obtained by altering the structure of
atoms.
 The form of heat and this is used to
generated electric power.
 The Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan are used
for generating atomic or nuclear power.
 The Monazite sands of Kerala is also rich
in Thorium.
 Major Nuclear Plants in India are...
i. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil
Nadu.
ii. Tarapur Nuclear Reactor, Maharashtra.
iii. Kalapakkam Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil
Nadu.
iv. Narora Nuclear Reactor, Uttar Pradesh.

16. Major Nuclear and Thermal Power Plants

17. NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES
The sources of energy which are exhaustible and
being produced continuously in nature are called non-
conventional energy or renewable sources of energy.
Some of these sources include solar energy, wind
energy and tidal energy.

18. Solar Energy
 India is a tropical country. It has
enormous possibilities of tapping energy.
 Photovoltaic technology converts
sunlight directly into electricity.
 In turn will contribute to environmental
conservation and adequate supply of
manure in agriculture
 With a residential solar system, your
home is powered by rooftop solar panels
during the day and by energy stored in
the battery at night. By installing solar
panels, you gain energy independence.

19. Wind Power
India now ranks as a “wind super
power”
the world.
The largest wind farm cluster is
located in :Tamil Nadu from Nagercoil
to Madurai
 Kinetic energy of the wind can be
used to do work.
 This energy is utilised to lift water
from the well & to generate
electricity in the wind mill.

20. Biogas
 Biogas is produced from shrubs, farm waste, animal
and human wastes.It is mostly used for domestic
consumption in rural areas.
 Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which
has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to
kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.
 Biogas plants are set up at municipal, cooperative
and individual levels.Biogas plants using cattle
dung are known as Gobar gas plants in rural India.
 These provide twin benefits to the farmer in the
form of energy and improved quality of manure.
 Biogas makes the most efficient use of cattle dung.
 It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to
burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.

21. Tidal Energy
 Oceanic tides can be used to generate
electricity. Floodgate dams are built
across intellect.
 The sea via a pipe that carries it
through a power generating turbine.
 A 900 MW tidal energy power plant is
setup here by the National
Hydropower Corporation.
 Tidal energy is a renewable energy
powered by the natural rise and fall of
ocean tides and currents. Some of
these technologies include turbines
and paddles

22. Geo Thermal Energy

23. Conservation of Energy Resources
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
The economic development plans implemented since
Independence necessarily required increasing amounts of
energy to remain operational.
Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of
renewable energy sources are the twin planks of
sustainable energy.
India is presently one of the least energy efficient
countries in the world
Energy saved is energy produced.

24. Measures To Conserve Energy
Resources
• Adjust your day-to-day behaviors.
• Replace your light bulbs.
• Use smart power strips.
• Install a programmable or smart thermostat.
• Purchase energy efficient appliances.
• Reduce your water heating expenses.
• Install energy efficient windows.
• Upgrade your HVAC system.