Energy Reforms: August 2016 review

This publication was prepared with the support of the European Union. The contents of this publication
are the sole responsibility of NGO “DIXI GROUP”, as well as Civil Network “OPORA”, All-Ukrainian NGO
“Energy Association of Ukraine”, Resource & Analysis Center “Society and Environment”, Association
“European-Ukrainian Energy Agency”, and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the
position of the European Union.
The project “Enhancing impact of civil society in monitoring and policy dialogue on energy and related
sectors’ reforms in line with the Association Agreement implementation” aims at strengthening the role of
civil society in advocating reforms in the energy and related sectors.
The key objectives of the project are:
• monitoring of the implementation of the energy provisions of the Association Agreement, including
relevant environmental and trade-related commitments;
• strengthening the civic experts’ and local actors’ capacity to track actual implementation of the
reforms;
• facilitation of public dialog to lead in proper implementation of the European energy and
environmental reforms;
• informing stakeholders and the Ukrainian society about the meaning and potential benefits of
European reforms in energy and related sectors in order to empower them to keep the
government accountable for pursuing these reforms.
www.enref.org

Executive Summary
No significant changes took place in the gas sector during the past month, though, despite the setback,
some obligations have already taken effect. In particular, a decision on restructuring Naftogaz of Ukraine
was published which raised the issue of its execution.
The electricity sector is also waiting for the key legislative decisions, but is stuck with ongoing issues at the
moment, such as challenges in the coal sector preceding the heating period, problems related to safety,
and operation of nuclear power facilities.
The lack of action to drive activities in the energy efficiency sector, in particular the lack of comprehensive
mechanisms to regulate activities of the Energy Efficiency Fund and approve its structure on a legislative
basis, indicate no progress in fulfilling relevant commitments by Ukraine. In this context, the issues arising
around the already adopted decisions, such as on the “warm” loans program, may threaten the trust to the
government policy in this area.
The environment and renewable energy sector is still waiting for the adoption of strategic draft laws that
are supposed to become key tools for the further activities. But this process became more dynamic due to
the work to be done in this area. In particular, the State Environmental Policy Strategy needs to be
improved and identify target indicators. This strategy must be developed on the principles of
environmental policy established by the Association Agreement. Meanwhile, there’s a risk that renewable
energy will, again, cease to be a priority for the executive authorities.
Ukraine made no significant achievements in the implementation of its commitments in the sector of oil
and oil products either. Sa far, the preparatory work that is being done by the government has resulted in
no particular decisions or completed tasks which could indicate any progress.
Some decisions were taken in the business climate sector that will facilitate the dialogue with public
authorities and launch the necessary initiatives. However, no crucial laws have been adopted yet to lay the
basis for the legislative framework meant to enable proper regulation and fight corruption in the sector.
August 2016 brought news about McKinsey & Company experts’ drafting of a new Energy Strategy, which
raised concerns about compliance of the objectives and activities provided for by that document with
Ukraine’s international commitments. A particular concern has to do, in particular, with the procedure of
selecting companies to draft the strategy, taking account of the developed and discussed document “New
Energy Strategy of Ukraine: Safety, Energy Efficiency, Competition”1
, as well as the experience of the
mentioned company in drafting the Updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine by 2030 for Azarov Government in
2013, which – in the opinion of many observers – promoted the business interests of one of the leading
market players and contained a number of methodological and organizational shortcomings2
.
Abbreviations
RES — renewable energy sources
VRU — Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
GMS — gas metering station
GDS — gas distribution system
GTS — gas transmission system
CMU — Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
NERC —
National Energy and Public Utilities Regulatory Commission
TPP — thermal power plant
AA — Association Agreement
CSNFSF — centralized spent nuclear fuel storage facility
SNRIU — State Nuclear Regulatory Inspectorate of Ukraine
SSTC NRS — State Scientific and Technical Centre for Nuclear
and Radiation Safety
SIR — sources of ionizing radiation
1 http://mpe.kmu.gov.ua/minugol/doccatalog/document?id=245032412
2 http://www.dy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=863

Gas
No significant progress was made in reforming the legal framework of the gas market in August (as the
Parliament held no plenary sessions, no new draft laws were registered in this area). At the same time,
the reporting forms for the NERC’s documenting the results of its market monitoring (including wholesale
price monitoring) as provided for by the Law “On the Natural Gas Market” and other legislative acts have
already become applicable.
August saw publishing of the text of the Naftogaz of Ukraine NJSC restructuring plan approved by the
Government aiming to unbundle natural gas transition and storage (injection, withdrawal) functions. In
the context of fulfilling commitments under the Third Energy Package, the decision on Naftogaz
unbundling as such is a good step forward, however, the Package says nothing of depriving the NJSC of
its dominant position on the gas market within the terms prescribed and approved by the Energy
Community.
Once again, it showed ambiguity of Naftogaz’s position on the market — on the one hand, it’s an
economic entity seeking maximum profits, on the other, it’s an instrument of the state influence on the
industry aimed to serve the common interests. Thus, Naftogaz reduced gas prices for industrial
consumers by 7.9% on September 1 (with 100% prepayment). At the same time, the Government
obligated Naftogaz to accumulate 17 billion cubic meters of gas for the heating period by November 1 by
introducing amendments to the Action Plan for preparing the fuel and energy sector for the 2016/2017
autumn/winter period regarding the particular volumes of gas to be injected for storage for the winter
period.
NERC released four operators of gas distribution systems (GDS) from the requirements to GDS
unbundling and independence provided for by Article 39(2) of the Law “On the Natural Gas Market”, and
approved candidates for top officials of 36 GDS operators responsible for the monitoring of the
implementation of programs aiming to ensure compliance with GDS operation safety standards.
A decision was taken on regular gas trade on the Ukrainian Gas Exchange (UGX). Therefore, Ukraine now
has its first platform to arrange gas trade on conditions of guaranteed performance of stock exchange
contracts.
Directive 2009/73/EC concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing
Directive 2003/55/EC (AA: Articles 338, 341, Annex XXVII) pursuant to Article 278 of the AA
According to experts3
, Naftogaz restructuring plan4
published in August lacks a comprehensive vision of the
gas reform in general and the Ukrainian GTS reform in particular. In fact, this plan suggests the creation of
two new companies to manage the GTS and storage facilities, and sets in detail the relevant organizational
procedures.
This plan postponed the term for the Government to commence the process of creation of the real
competitive gas market in Ukraine by at least 30 days of the effective date of the decision of the Stockholm
Chamber of Commerce in the case between Naftogaz and Gazprom. Considering the total amount of the
3 http://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/columns/2016/07/2/597900/; http://gazeta.zn.ua/energy_market/eto-ne-restrukturizaciya-
naftogaza-a-likvidaciya-ukrtransgaza-_.html; http://www.epravda.com.ua/columns/2016/07/7/598119/; http://ua-
energy.org/post/62357; http://gazeta.zn.ua/energy_market/kak-delyat-ukrainskuyu-gts-ili-unbundling-3-_.html
4 http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/cardnpd?docid=249240258

Gas
claim in this case — unprecedented for the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce — (which exceeds USD
65 billion5
), it seems impossible, in our opinion, to predict this date at all.
The approved Naftogaz unbundling measures do not comply not only with the Naftogaz restructuring terms
agreed on by the Government and the Energy Community (which, as a matter of fact, have been postponed
for an indefinite period) but also with a number of provisions.
Thus, according to this plan, the new companies will be not only gas transmission and storage operators,
but concessioners, and this requires amendments into the legislation. In addition to the failure to
demonopolize the market which, first of all, will slow down the development of competition in this price
segment, negative implications for the market operation will be caused by incapability of unrestructured
Naftogaz to provide for the full compliance with the legislative requirements, the gas transmission network
in the first place.
Based on Article 39(7) of the Law “On the Natural Gas Market”, the NERC released four gas distribution
system operators providing their services to at least 100,000 connected consumers, from the requirements
to GDS unbundling and independence (Ordinance of 17 August 2016 No. 15-р6
).
The exchange committee of the commodity exchange Ukrainian Gas Exchange decided on holding regular
e-trade in gas contained in Ukrtransgaz’s underground storage facilities with the participation of Tsentralnyi
Gazovyi Kontragent (Central Gas Counteragent) LLC since August 4 each business day, except Friday, during
the period from the 1st
till the 25th
of each month7
. UGX is the first and, so far, only platform for natural gas
exchange trade in Ukraine. This platform enables the parties in the trading process to receive up-to-date
information about the gas market and observe the market dynamics in real time.
Pursuant to the provisions of the Law “On the Natural Gas Market” and p. 11, Section V of the Rules of
Natural Gas Supply approved by the Resolution of the NERC of 30 September 2015 No. 2496, the NERC
conducted a monitoring of prices for natural gas for all categories of consumers in Ukraine8
and reported
on the maximum price in July 2016 for consumers not covered by provisions on special obligations
(UAH 8,135.52 for one thousand cubic meters, inclusive of VAT).
On August 23, the Forms for reporting the results of monitoring of the natural gas market approved by the
Resolution of the NERC of 07 July 2016 No. 12349
became applicable. These reporting forms must be
submitted by gas market entities entrusted with the special obligations to serve common interests in the
process of the market operation (Forms 1, 2 and 3), wholesale gas sellers (Form 4 — Report on natural gas
wholesale prices) and gas suppliers (Form 5).
Regulation (EU) No. 715/2009 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks and
repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1775/2005 (AA: Articles 338, 341, Annex XXVII) pursuant to Article 278 of
the AA, trade-related issues (Articles 269–274 of the AA)
On August 8, Ukrtransgaz received a request from Gazprom10
to increase gas transmission to European
consumers by 20% — up to 275 million cubic meters per day in connection with the repairs of the Nord
5 https://www.facebook.com/NaftogazUA/posts/1087020708044380
6 http://www.nerc.gov.ua/?id=21059
7 http://ugx.com.ua/files/documents/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%20%D0%91%D0%9A
%2015.pdf
8 http://www.nerc.gov.ua/?news=5326
9 http://www.nerc.gov.ua/index.php?id=21057
10 http://utg.ua/utg/media/news/2016/08/ukrana-zabezpechit-zblshenu-zayavku-gazpromu-na-umovax-kontraktu.html

Gas
Stream system of gas pipelines. The press service of the Ukrainian GTS operator declared its readiness to
satisfy Gazprom’s request to increase gas transit to Europe provided the Russian party fulfils its contractual
obligations, in particular in terms of securing threshold pressures at the border gas metering stations (GMS)
located in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Mr. Koboliev, the Head of Naftogaz, ruled out the possibility of supplying Russian gas in Ukraine in Q3
201611
. In his interview on August 18, he mentioned that Gazprom had refused to sign an additional
agreement required to enable such supplies. In the opinion of Naftogaz’s representatives, such refusal is a
symptom of “unfriendly and non-commercial policy” that can change only after the resolution of the
arbitration procedure between Naftogaz and Gazprom in Stockholm.
Also, Naftogaz reported on Gazprom’s regular violations of the terms and conditions of securing minimum
threshold gas pressure at points of connection to the Ukrainian GTS provided for by the transit contract12
.
The last significant pressure drop was registered on August 22 at Sudzha GMS — the pressure in the
Russian GTS at this key entrance point was 53.5 atm, with the minimum threshold value of 60.0 atm. In late
July, Naftogaz addressed the European Commission and the Secretariat of the Energy Community with the
request to consider a possibility to create a monitoring mission to investigate similar events of significant
pressure drops at the entrance to the Ukrainian GTS, and is now waiting for a response.
Directive 2004/67/EC concerning measures to safeguard security of natural gas supply (AA: Articles 338,
341, Annex XXVII), early warning mechanism (Annex XXVI to the AA), emergency response (Articles 275,
276, 309, 314)
Pursuant to Article 39(5) of the Law “On the Natural Gas Market” relating to obligating a gas distribution
operator to develop and implement a compliance program to provide for measures aiming at ensuring
reliable and safe GDS operation, the NERC approved candidates for top officials of 36 GDS operators
responsible for the monitoring of the implementation of compliance programs at these companies
(Ordinance of 18 August 2016 No. 17-р13
).
According to the press release of August 2514
, the State Property Fund of Ukraine asked the Energy Security
Secretariat to assess its proposals for the Government to impose special obligations on Naftogaz of Ukraine
NJSC to secure uninterrupted supply of up to 300 million cubic meters of natural gas to Odesa Port Plant
(OPP) during the period from 1 August 2016 till 31 December 2016. The Secretariat concluded that the
introduction of such amendments to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 01 October 2015 No. 758
is possible given: 1) the period of this obligation ends on 31 December 2016; 2) the amendments include a
compulsory guarantee of payment for the gas supplies and detail the sources of payment (all supplies to be
made at market prices not regulated by the state); 3) reporting to the Energy Community once every two
months on the fulfilment of this obligation providing the proofs of payment by OPP for the gas supplied by
Naftogaz. As of today, OPP refused from consumption of natural gas15
— according to Ukrtransgaz, its
counterparty has no confirmed bookings for August 2016 and violated the gas transmission agreement in
terms of advance payments for the transmission services.
11 http://www.naftogaz.com/www/3/nakweb.nsf/0/A98530DCF6ECE834C22580140028D280?OpenDocument&year=2016&month
=08&nt=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&
12 http://www.naftogaz.com/www/3/nakweb.nsf/0/1A828DDEEF80631BC2258017005F4781?OpenDocument&year=2016&month
=08&nt=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&
13 http://www.nerc.gov.ua/?id=21060
14 https://www.energy-community.org/portal/page/portal/ENC_HOME/NEWS/News_Details?p_new_id=13223
15 http://utg.ua/utg/media/news/2016/08/opz-samostjno-pripiniv-spozhivannya-prirodnogo-gazu.html

Gas
On August 22, Naftogaz announced gas price reduction since 1 September 2016 for industrial consumers16
by UAH 519.6/thousand cubic meters, or 7.9%, as compared to the August 2016 price. This decision shows
that instead of injecting the necessary gas supplies into the underground storage facilities (for the 2016–
2017 winter period), the NJSC seeks bigger proceeds from gas sale. Hence, this decision was criticized by
experts17
.
According to the up-to-date information provided by Ukrtransgaz, storage facilities contained over 12
billion cubic meters of gas as of August 28.18
Naftogaz planned on accumulating 14.5 billion cubic meters of
gas before the heating season19
, which, according to expert estimations, would not suffice to guarantee
safe heating period when temperature is low, as compared to the previous winter period. The
Government’s decision of August 31 that obligated Naftogaz to accumulate 17 billion cubic meters of gas
before November 120
proved these estimations correct.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EU LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Gas
In June, the European Commission carried out unannounced inspections21
of companies active in the
supply and transport of natural gas in Romania. These inspections were carried out within the framework
of investigation of potential anticompetitive practices aimed at hindering natural gas exports from Romania
to other Member States.
Meanwhile, in July the European Commission has released German energy firm E.ON from commitments to
reduce long-term bookings on the German gas grid22
. E.ON was reported to have actually booked
significantly less capacity than the threshold of 54% of total capacity which allowed the development of
competition in the market.
Gas, Electricity and Nuclear Security
July 18 saw the commencement of consultation on the establishment of the annual priority lists for the
development of network codes and guidelines for 2017 and beyond23
. The objective of this consultation
that will last by 14 October is to establish the priorities in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 714/2009
(“the Electricity Regulation”) and Regulation (EC) No. 715/2009 (“the Gas Regulation”).
16 http://www.naftogaz.com/www/3/nakweb.nsf/0/3419A207E56FA699C22580170024C691?OpenDocument&year=2016&month=
08&nt=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&
17 http://www.segodnya.ua/opinion/zakrevskiycolumn/gazovaya-deflyaciya-706870.html
18 http://utg.ua/utg/business-info/live.html
19 http://www.naftogaz.com/www/3/nakweb.nsf/0/8E0598F7F98B81CEC2257FFD0050FE6E?OpenDocument&year=2016&month=
07&nt=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&
20 http://195.78.68.90/4a1a2b23/docs/d19eaccf/Proekt_rozporyadzhennya.pdf
21
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_STATEMENT-16-2133_en.htm
22
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-16-2646_en.htm
23
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/consultations/consultation-establishment-annual-priority-lists-development-
network-codes-and-0

Gas
Security of Supply
In June, the Council of the European Union approved the key principles to lay the basis for drafting the
Decision on establishing an information exchange mechanism with regard to intergovernmental
agreements and non-binding instruments between Member States and third countries in the field of
energy24
. This document is one of the cornerstones of the implementation of the Energy Union Strategy.
According to the compromise achieved, the European Commission should assess intergovernmental gas
agreements before their signature; other types of agreements may be assessed if so requested by EU
Member States.
On June 30, the European Commission announced the second Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) call for
proposals25
making EUR 600 million of funding available to finance cross-border energy infrastructure
projects of common interest. Meanwhile, within the framework of the first call in July, EU Member States
supported 9 projects amounting to EUR 263 million26
.
On August 17, the European Commission published the updated EU Reference Scenario 201627
. This is an
advisory document that suggests forecast and key trends in the areas of energy, transport and climate in
the EU until 2050.
24
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0053
25
https://ec.europa.eu/inea/en/connecting-europe-facility/cef-energy/calls/second-2016-cef-energy-call-proposals-
cef-energy-2016-2
26
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/news/eu-invests-263-million-euros-energy-infrastructure
27
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/REF2016_report_FINAL-web.pdf

Electricity and Nuclear Security
Due to the Parliament recess, the work on the draft Laws “On the Electricity Market of Ukraine”
(No. 4493) and “On the National Energy and Public Utilities Regulatory Commission” (No. 2966-д) was
adjourned until autumn.
The key stakeholders made no strategic decision. However, the work on improving the laws regulating
the issues of electricity metering, transition to area tariffs went on. The Government of Ukraine focused
on settling the issue of diversifying supplies of nuclear materials and nuclear fuel with the view to
meeting the needs of Ukrainian NPPs. As a result, a series of international agreements and arrangements
were made in August. The President of Ukraine signed the Law regulating the legal regime of territories
affected by the Chornobyl accident that creates conditions for allocating lands within the exclusion zone
for the construction of the CSNFSF.
The Ministry of Finance allocated UAH 200 million to pay the arrears in miner salaries. However, the
problem has not been settled once and for all, as it’s waiting for the approval by the Parliament
Committee on Budget.
Regulation (EC) No. 714/2009 of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border
exchanges in electricity and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1228/2003 (AA: Article 270, 271, Chapter 11,
Title IV)
Ukrenergo National Energy Company, State Enterprise, as a system operator of the Unified Energy System,
published a report on the progress in the implementation of the Investment Program in H1 201628
, the
financial statement for this period29
and the full 2015 financial statement30
. These financial statements
were audited by Deloitte & Touche USC PrJSC.
In H1 2016, with only partial payment for its services (79.32%), the company’s foregone revenues
amounted to UAH 579.955 million (exclusive of VAT), or 20.68%, of the total cost of the services it had
provided. Capital investments (payments) in the development of major networks in H1 2016 amounted to
UAH 2,329.834 million (exclusive of VAT), which by UAH 1,007.368 million exceeds the previous year’s H1
result.
On August 22, a 40-minute threshold frequency drop down to 49.61 Hz was registered in the UES of
Ukraine operating in parallel with the UESs of Russia, Belarus and Baltic countries. It was caused by an
accident in Russia’s UES. While Ukraine’s UES operated in the design mode.31
On August 25, Ukrenergo’s draft 2017 Investment Program was published.32
Directive 2009/72/EC of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and
repealing Directive 2003/54/EC (AA: Article 273, Chapter 11, Title IV)
As of August 31, the Parliament’s agenda has not yet been approved. So when the draft Laws “On the
Electricity Market of Ukraine” (No. 4493) and “On the National Energy and Public Utilities Regulatory
Commission” (No. 2966-д) will be considered will be clear only in September.
On August 5, the NERC published the improved draft Resolution “On approval of the Amendments to the
Procedure of approval and adjustment of the investment component of the electricity tariff”.33
In the
28
http://www.ukrenergo.energy.gov.ua/Pages/ua/DetailsNew.aspx?nID=2912
29
30
31
32

opinion of the Commission, this Resolution should help increase the efficiency of using financial resources
by optimizing tariffs for the electricity sold on the WEM by producers in a bidding process due to
optimizing, in its turn, the investment component approved for TPP reconstruction projects.
On August 8, the NERC published the draft Resolution “On approval of amendments to the Procedure of
calculating payments to current accounts of suppliers of electricity at a regulated tariff and to the special
current account of the wholesale electricity supplier”34
. In the opinion of the Commission, these
amendments will encourage energy supplying companies to improve calculations for the electricity bought
on the wholesale market.
On August 15, the NERC’s draft Resolution “On the introduction of amendments to the Procedure of
establishing the regulatory asset base for natural monopolies in the electricity sector” was published which
provides for a reduced term for beneficial use of assets (depreciation period) existing as of the date of
transition to incentive-based regulation, i.e. from 30 to 13 years.35
In the opinion of the regulator, this will
allow the increase in the cost of depreciation that is included in the tariff for electricity transmission via
local electricity networks and for electricity supply at a regulated tariff, and therefore, the increase in
depreciation as a source of financing investment programs, as well as the creation of conditions for a
significant improvement of technical condition of electricity networks which will facilitate the improvement
of energy supply.
During the Government meeting on August 23, Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman entrusted Vice Prime
Minister Volodymyr Kistion and Head of the NERC Dmytro Vovk with drafting, by September 1, a resolution
of the NERC simplifying the procedure of connection to networks and allowing a standard connection of up
to 5 MW in addition to the basic 160 kW.36
On August 29, the NERC approved the draft Resolution “On approval of the Procedure of ensuring
compliance with electricity supply service quality standards” that introduced the mechanism of
compensations to consumers in case of receipt of poor-quality services from energy companies. In the
opinion of the NERC, this will enable consumer protection and encourage license holders to improve
commercial quality of their services37
.
The Commission also reported on simplifying conditions for installing area domestic meters. From now on,
consumers may choose and buy meters at their own discretion, and regional energy companies must install
them shortly.
Article 338, Chapter 1, Title V of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement
Cooperation Agreements with IFIs
On August 11, Ihor Nasalyk, Minister of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine, met with Janez Kopač, Director
of the Energy Community Secretariat. The other participants in the meeting included Dmytro Vovk, Head of
the NERC, Iurii Vitrenko, Director for Business Development at Naftogaz of Ukraine NJSC, Serhii Savchuk,
Head of the State Agency on Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving, and representatives of the Ministry of
Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine. The parties discussed a possibility of providing technical assistance to
Ukraine within the framework of a new regional program of the European Commission (EU4 Energy) that
33
http://www.nerc.gov.ua/index.php?news=5300
34
http://www.nerc.gov.ua/?id=20908
35
http://www.nerc.gov.ua/index.php?news=5324
36
http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=249256324&cat_id=244276429
37
http://www.nerc.gov.ua/?news=5360

offers possible cooperation in the areas of electricity, oil and gas, as well as preparing the basis for energy
saving and energy efficiency projects38
.
On August 11, Ivanna Klympush-Tsyntsadze, Vice Prime Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic
Integration, held a meeting with the Director of the NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence. The parties
discussed the key areas and plans for cooperation in 2017. Marius Janukonis, Ambassador of the Republic
of Lithuania to Ukraine, also took part in the meeting.39
Article 339, Chapter 1, Title V of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, coal market
When reporting on his first 10 days of work as Minister, Mr. Nasalyk mentioned that his Ministry
particularly focused on the coal industry, resulting in drafting the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers on
the creation of the coal market in Ukraine40
. A concept of the coal industry reform and a relevant detail
action plan were developed. This concept suggests liquidation of 11 mines41
, putting up 17–18 mines for
privatization, and keeping the highly profitable as state property. Closed mines will receive subventions to
create new jobs for the laid-off miners. Also, according to the Minister, transition of TPPs to gas coal is in
progress. In addition, the Ministry suggests modernization of generating companies and procurement of
imported anthracite to reduce dependence of TPPs on the ATO zone and supplies of anthracite coal.
According to Ukrenergo National Energy Company, as of August 31, coal supplies available at warehouses
of energy generating companies’ TPPs reached 913.4 thousand tons, including 359 thousand tons of
anthracite42
, which, in the expert opinion, is critically insufficient.
During his meeting with trade unions, Mr. Nasalyk spoke of the measures taken by the Ministry of Energy
and Coal Industry to arrange salary payments, such as increase in coal price up to UAH 1,370 since August,
re-allocation of the Ministry’s budget expenditures, support of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the
Introduction of Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2016” (No. 4744 of
01 June 2016), as well as scheduling particular payment days under the industry agreement43
. On August
10, pursuant to the Ordinance of the Government No. 537-р of 27 July 2016, the Ministry of Finance of
Ukraine allocated UAH 200 million to pay arrears in and current salaries to Ukrainian miners. However, the
actual pay-out requires the approval of the Parliament Committee on Budget44
.
The Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine is planning on allocating UAH 25,287 billion for the
purposes of restructuring of state-owned coal-mining companies under the coal industry reform program,
of which UAH 10.572 billion will be allocated from the stage budget45
.
Article 342, Chapter 1, Title V of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, cooperation in the nuclear
safety sector, Directive 96/29/Euratom, Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom, Council Directive
2003/122/Euratom
To diversify supplies of nuclear materials and nuclear fuel to meet the needs of Ukrainian NPPs, Ukraine
made an agreement with American Westinghouse in August on increasing fuel supplies46
and a future
38
http://mpe.kmu.gov.ua/minugol/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=245137251&cat_id=35109
39
40
http://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-economics/2061865-minenergo-pidgotuvalo-postanovu-pro-stvorenna-rinku-
vugilla.html
41
42
http://www.ukrenergo.energy.gov.ua/Pages/ua/DetailsNew.aspx?nID=3013&urlNews=/pages/ua/ipsoperation.aspx
43
44
45
http://economics.unian.ua/energetics/1493931-minenergovugillya-hoche-reformuvati-derjshahti-za-25-
milyardiv.html

construction of nuclear fuel production plant in Ukraine47
. Also, on August 18, URENCO — a company
owned by the UK, Germany and the Netherlands, and Energoatom National Nuclear Energy Generating
Company signed a supply agreement for enriched uranium. The uranium to be supplied under that
agreement will be used to produce nuclear fuel for Ukrainian NPPs on the basis of Westinghouse’s
production facilities in Sweden48
.
On August 18, the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine agreed with the Ministry of Energy of
Kazakhstan and Kazatomprom National Atomic Company to create a joint venture for the purpose of
uranium mining in both countries. According to Minister Nasalyk, Kazakhstan also invited Ukraine to join
the project of construction of a plant producing fuel assemblies for NPPs that could become an alternative
to Russian fuel elements49
.
On August 31, Energoatom National Nuclear Energy Generating Company and Korea Hydro & Nuclear
Power (KHNP) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to expand cooperation in the nuclear energy
sector. The main areas of cooperation will be completion of units 3 and 4 of Khmelnytskyi NPP and the
project “Energy Bridge Ukraine — European Union”50
.
Within the framework of examining a possibility of continuing operation of units 1 and 2 of Zaporizhzhia
NPP beyond the project, the SNRIU checked preparedness of these units for the further operation till
December 2015 and 201651
. Pursuant to the Aarhus Convention, the SNRIU holds public hearings during the
period from August 8 till September 18 to discuss a possibility to extend the period of operation of units 1
and 2 of Zaporizhzhia NPP.52
Within the framework of the Comprehensive (Consolidated) program for enhancing safety of NPP units,
Khmelnytskyi NPP commenced the introduction of a comprehensive system of diagnosing the reactor plant
at unit 1 in August.53
Experts of the SSTC NRS (State Scientific and Technical Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety) and the
SNRIU, with the support of the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) developed new
regulatory requirements to radiation safety in medicine. These provisions set out general requirements to
radiation safety of SIR (sources of ionizing radiation) for medical uses, radiation protection of personnel and
patients, prevention of incidental or accidental medical exposure to radiation54
.
Article 342, Chapter 1, Title V of the EU–Ukraine Association Agreement, cooperation in the nuclear
safety sector. Cooperation aims at resolving problems caused by the Chornobyl accident and putting
Chornobyl NPP out of operation
On August 1, the President of Ukraine signed the Law “On the Introduction of Amendments to Certain
Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Regulation of Particular Aspects of the Legal Regime of Territories
46
47
http://ua.interfax.com.ua/news/general/361940.html
48
http://www.energoatom.kiev.ua/ua/press/nngc/45743-
energoatom_ta_urenco_uklali_ugodu_pro_postachannya_zbagachenogo_uranu__/
49
http://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2016/08/31/603868/
50
energoatom_ta_koreyiska_khnp_pdpisali_memorandum_pro_vzamorozumnnya_v_galuz_atomno_energetiki/
51
derjatomregulyuvannya_provela_perevrku_energobloka__zaporzko_aes_na_gotovnst_do_prodovjennya_termnu_eks
pluatatc/
52
http://www.snrc.gov.ua/nuclear/uk/publish/article/331335;jsessionid=ECA074BA86AC2C51763F7989B89D7A0B.app
1
53
hmelnitcka_aes_rozpochala_vprovadjennya_kompleksno_sistemi_dagnostiki_reaktorno_ustanovki_na_energoblotc_/
54
http://www.snrc.gov.ua/nuclear/uk/publish/article/331810;jsessionid=ECA074BA86AC2C51763F7989B89D7A0B.app1

Affected by the Chornobyl Accident” that creates conditions for allocating lands within the exclusion zone
for the construction of the CSNFSF. This Law came into force on 4 August 201655
. At the same time, the
Decree of the President of Ukraine “On establishing Chornobyl Radiation and Environmental Biosphere
Reserve” No. 174 of 26 April 2016 came into force that aims to facilitate preservation of the most typical
natural habitats of Polissia region, provide support to and enhance the barrier function of the zones of
exclusion and unconditional (compulsory) resettlement, ensure stabilization of the hydrological regime and
rehabilitation of territories contaminated with radionuclides, facilitate the organization and conducting of
international scientific research56
.
On July 18, the European Commission (DG Energy) commenced the annual consultation with stakeholders
pursuant to Article 6(1) of Regulation (EC) No. 714/2009 to identify areas to be covered by network codes.
The consultation will last until 14 October 2016.
55
http://www.energoatom.kiev.ua/ua/press/nnegc/45688-
prezident_pdpisav_zakon_yakiyi_dozvolit_vidliti_zemlyu_v_zon_vdchujennya_pd_shovische_vdpratcovanogo_yadern
ogo_paliva/
56
http://dazv.gov.ua/novini-ta-media/vsi-novyny/glava-derzhavi-pidpisav-zakon-shchodo-vregulyuvannya-pitan-
pravovogo-rezhimu-teritoriji-zabrudnenoji-vid-chornobilskoji-katastrofi.html

Energy Efficiency and Social Issues
Despite the importance of and the need for reforms in the area of energy saving and energy efficiency,
Ukraine, unfortunately, made no significant strategic steps towards fulfilling its commitments to the EU
in August.
On the other hand, the statements of Minister Zubko regarding the measures aimed at achieving the
declared objectives of the reform in terms of allocating UAH 100 million for “warm” credits for natural
persons, as well as regarding the creation of the Energy Efficiency Fund are rather premature. According
to experts, additional funds amounting to UAH 100 million that were allocated pursuant to a relevant
resolution in July still remain unavailable due to lack of coordination in terms of the origin of those funds.
The approved Concept of the introduction of mechanisms of sustainable financing of energy efficiency
measures (establishing the Energy Efficiency Fund), as was already mentioned earlier, needs significant
improvements. Moreover, a relevant resolution obligated the Ministry of Regional Development to draft
an action plan for the implementation of the Concept within a one-month period.
But according to information from unofficial sources, the document probably has not been drafted yet,
which, however, doesn’t mean that no simultaneous work was performed for the implementation of
particular measures, e.g. drafting a specific law. In addition, the approved Concept provides for no clear
mechanism of operation of the Fund, which raises questions about the intentions of the Government and
the line Ministry with regard to achieving the above-mentioned objectives. Therefore, preparations for
the full-scale implementation of energy efficiency measures in Ukraine are very inefficient, as the three-
year efforts of the public authorities resulted in nothing but a mere concept of which the implementation
remains impossible because of the lack of a clear action plan.
Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency
The 2016 working plan of the Ministry of Regional Development provides for the development of a number
of regulatory and legal acts aiming at the implementation of measures to meet the requirements of the
European Union in the area of energy efficiency. According to unofficial information, the draft Resolution of
the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On approval of the Action Plan for the introduction of comprehensive
energy management in state-financed institutions” is now being agreed on with all stakeholders. This
document will create conditions for ensuring rational use of energy resources and facilitate the reduction of
budget expenditures.57
At the same time, the adoption of framework laws is being postponed without which drafting of regulatory
acts of executive bodies may happen to be premature. Vice Prime Minister Hennadii Zubko expressed his
hope that the whole complex of amendments to the legislation, including the Tax and the Budget Codes,
the Law “On Investment Activities”, as well as new laws, in particular on the Energy Efficiency Fund, on the
energy efficiency of buildings and commercial accounting will be adopted by the end of this year.58
Meanwhile, the process of development of specific mechanisms and operational procedure for the Energy
Efficiency Fund which is the cornerstone of the Government’s policy in this sector, is far from being
finalized. This is also suggested by the general form of the relevant concept approved by the Cabinet of
Ministers earlier and the recent statement of Vice Prime Minister Zubko about lack of a clear vision of even
basic elements of financing the Fund.59
57 http://www.minregion.gov.ua/gromadska-priymalnya/public-links/plan-roboti-minregionu-z-vikonannya-planu-diy-kabinetu-
ministriv-ukrayini-na-2016-rik/plan-roboti-ministerstva-regionalnogo-rozvitku-budivnitstva-ta-zhitlovo-komunalnogo-gospodarstva-
ukrayini-z-vikonannya-planu-diy-kabinetu-ministriv-ukrayini-na-2016-rik/
58 http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=249229285&cat_id=244276429
59 http://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/business/2016/08/160805_zubko_int_az

At the same time, the Law of Ukraine “On Public Procurement” became fully effective on 1 August 2016
and repealed the previous specific law which made procurement of energy services impossible. This
effectively removed the largest regulatory barrier to mass engaging of commercial contractors in the
energy modernization of buildings of state-financed institutions and other buildings owned mostly by the
state or community.60
Directive 2010/30/EU on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the
consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products
According to unofficial information, despite the fact that the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine presented its
opinion on the draft technical regulations developed by the State Agency on Energy Efficiency and Energy
Saving of Ukraine, as was mentioned in the July monitoring report, a month later these drafts that were
supposed to be submitted to the Government see no progress.
Social issues
On August 23, the Government approved the Resolution No. 534 “Certain issues of providing subsidies to
compensate the cost of the services of district heating (heat supply) and individual gas, electricity supply
and heating”. This is supposed to settle the issue of calculation and return to the state budget of unused
subsidies granted to compensate the cost of services of district and individual heating (heat supply).61
This Resolution was approved despite certain criticism on the part of the stakeholders.62
In addition to the
troubled practical implementation, another reason for this criticism was groundless exclusion of structural
subdivisions dealing with social protection from the process of refunding of excessive subsidies. As these
authorities were released from the responsibility for making calculations, correct calculations of unused
funds will now be the responsibility of provider of utility services that made initial calculations. During the
intragovernmental discussion of these amendments, some specialists expressed an opinion that the new
calculation procedure is in contrast with the legislation, as the issue of responsibility is subject to legislative
regulation only.
In addition, this solution suggesting refunding of unused subsidies does not go in line with statements by
Vice Prime Minister Hennadii Zubko who, once again, announced the introduction of measures to monetize
the unused portion of subsidies.63
60 http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/922-19/print1464095033695015
62
http://www.auc.org.ua/news/uryad-zatverdiv-poryadok-rozrakhunku-ta-povernennya-do-byudzhetu-
nevikoristanikh-sum-subsidii
63 http://jkg-portal.com.ua/ua/publication/one/zubko-subsidji-treba-perevoditi-v-nvesticji-u-jenergojefektivnst-47550

Energy performance of buildings. The European Commission published a report on the progress by
Member States in reaching cost-optimal levels of minimum energy performance requirements64
. This
report reviews progress achieved by Member States in reaching cost-optimal levels of minimum energy
performance requirements for new and existing buildings, and also for building elements. It fulfils the
obligation upon the Commission to report to the European Parliament and the Council on the use of the
delegated powers referred to in Article 5(4) and Article 23 of Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy
performance of buildings. This report also informs the ongoing review of the Directive, which is an action
point of the Energy Union framework strategy.
The Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), including the
Smart Financing for Smart Buildings initiative, are to be revised. The current plan suggests that the
amendments to those documents will be discussed and approved in Q4 2016. At the same time, the new
version of the Memorandum of Understanding regarding the enhanced strategic partnership with Ukraine
that was supposed to be approved in Q3 2016 is still waiting for approval.
According to the new report of the Joint Research Centre (JRC)65
, efficiency of using energy (which is the
basis for smart networks, e-mobility and wind power technologies) is a key priority identified by regions
and countries in strategies for S3P-Energy in all EU Member States and regions thereof.
64
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2016:464:FIN
65
https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/mapping-regional-energy-interests-s3p-
energy

Environment and Renewable Energy Sources
The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources once again published the draft law introducing
amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of
Ukraine until 2020” for public discussion. The strategy of the state environmental policy must be the key
strategic document guiding the implementation of the environmental policy, including the
implementation of the Association Agreement in terms of adaptation of legislation and other
environment-related provisions. That is why the strategy needs significant improvements. In particular, it
must include target indicators for all the set objectives and the principles of the EU environmental
legislation laid down in the Association Agreement.
Two important draft Laws — on environmental impact assessment and on strategic environmental
assessment — are being prepared for the second reading. Given proper improvements, these Laws will
become important instruments of the Ukrainian environmental policy and mark the first step towards
the implementation of the EU horizontal environmental legislation under the Association Agreement
between the EU and Ukraine.
When reporting on his first 100 days of work as the Minister of Energy, Ihor Nasalyk named the short-
term priorities for the Ministry. Boosting the development of renewable energy was not among them.
Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the
environment (codification) (Article 363 of the AA)
On 12 July 2016, the Parliament approved the draft Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment”
(reg. No. 2009а-д) in the first reading.66
The document is now being prepared for the second reading.
According to the Parliament Committee on Environmental Policy, Nature Resources Utilization and
Elimination of the Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe, MPs and the Confederation of Builders of
Ukraine presented a large number of comments and proposals to this draft Law.67
Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the
environment (Article 363 of the AA)
On 12 July 2016, the Parliament approved the draft Law of Ukraine “On Strategic Environmental
Assessment” (reg. No. 3259) in the first reading.68
The document is now being prepared for the second
reading. According to the Parliament Committee on Environmental Policy, Nature Resources Utilization and
Elimination of the Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe, MPs have already presented their comments
and proposals to this draft Law.69
The Committee itself, when preparing this draft Law for the first reading,
emphasized, in particular, on the need to clarify and harmonize the terms used, define and clarify the key
notions (strategic environmental assessment, report on strategic environmental assessment, customer,
public discussion, public hearings), specify the procedure of the SEA, etc.
Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and
subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (Article 338 of the AA)
When reporting on his first 100 days of work as the Minister of Energy and speaking of prospects for the
fuel and energy sector, Ihor Nasalyk said that the optimal structure of energy generation for Ukraine’s
economic development and satisfactory environmental situation would be 70% of nuclear energy and 30%
of hydro energy. He added that Ukraine cannot lag behind Europe, so the future target objective will be
66http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1449-19
67http://iportal.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/133730.html
68http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1450-19
69http://iportal.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/133790.html

achieving a 60% share of nuclear energy and a 15.5% share of hydro energy in the country’s energy balance
by 2026, which has been approved by the Ordinance of the Government No. 552-р of 13 July 2016.
Meanwhile, following the participation of Ukraine’s delegation in the VIII Ministerial conference
Environment for Europe (Batumi, Georgia), an interdepartmental working group is now being created to
facilitate the introduction of “green” economy principles in Ukraine. The Ministry of Ecology invites all
interested NGOs to join this group.
Directive 1999/32/ЕС relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels and amending
Directive 93/12/EEC, as amended by the Regulation (EC) No. 1882/2003 and Directive 2005/33/EC
Directive (EU) 2016/802 of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to a reduction in the
sulphur content of certain liquid fuels (codification) was adopted on 11 May 2016 and published in the
Official Journal of the European Union on 21 May 2016. The text of this Directive isn’t new, but only
codifies the previous version thereof, as amended.
The text of this Directive in the EU official languages is available here: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2016.132.01.0058.01.ENG#ntr3-L_2016132EN.01005801-E0003

Oil
During the reporting period, the Government’s activity in the oil sector was focused on the analysis of
possibilities of expanding the oil depot that may be used to store oil and oil products, diversify oil
sources, suppliers, transportation routes and transport methods and update the procedures of granting
rights to use the subsoil pursuant to Ukraine’s international commitments.
Unfortunately, most statements by top officials of executive bodies relating to the implementation of the
oil-related provisions of the Association Agreement show that they tend to present the products of the
state policy (conducting negotiations, establishing working groups, signing agreements of intend) as the
results thereof (settling problems in the sector).
Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on Member States to maintain minimum stocks of crude
oil and/or petroleum products (Article 338 of the AA)
According to p. 4 and 5 of Section 1.2 of the Plan for the implementation of this Directive, the Ministry of
Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine undertook to construct additional tanks for the storage of minimum
stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products70
. Within the framework of this activity, according to
Mr. Havrylenko, General Director of Ukrtransnafta PJSC, 2016 is going to see construction of two tanks for
the storage of oil with the capacity of 50,000 tons each71
. However, the only known plan in this area is 21-
month construction of a vertical steel tank with floating roof РВСПП-50 000 in the village of Smilne, Brody
Raion, Lviv Oblast, with the capacity of 50,000 cubic meters of oil72
. In addition, as the mentioned oil tank
will replace the four tanks put out of operation earlier, the state oil depot capacity will increase only by
10,000 (not 100,000) cubic meters.
Council Directive 2003/96/EC restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy
products and electricity(Annex XXVIII, Article 353 of the AA)
Pursuant to Ukraine’s commitments, the taxes applied to motor fuels should be increased at least up to
EUR 359, 330 per 1,000 l and EUR 125 per 1,000 kg for unleaded petrol, diesel fuel and liquid petroleum
gas, respectively. These provisions will be implemented gradually73
.
On 23 August 2016, the Government approved the submission of the draft amendments to the Tax Code of
Ukraine for the Parliament’s consideration. These amendments propose the increase of excise tax by 12%
from 1 January 2017, in particular up to EUR 192, 140.5 and 34.5 per 1,000 l for unleaded petrol, diesel fuel
and liquid petroleum gas, respectively. However, according to Oleksandr Danyliuk, the Minister of Finance,
this decision was triggered not by the need to comply with international commitments, but the need to
take account of UAH inflation (though the excise duty in Ukraine is expressed in EUR)74
.
Directive 94/22/EC on the conditions for granting and using authorizations for the prospection,
exploration and production of hydrocarbons (Annex XXVII, Articles 279, 280, 341 of the AA)
On 23 August 2016, within the framework of drafting the new version of the Subsoil Code that is supposed
to harmonize all relevant rules to ensure equal conditions for obtaining and using permits for prospecting
for, exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons for all organizations possessing the necessary resources at
their disposal, the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine signed a Memorandum of
Understanding with the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine75
. It provides for cooperation between
the experts of the Service and the Chamber in drafting the sector laws and implementing the mechanism of
quick response to the problems of investors.
70 http://www.kmu.gov.ua/document/248091904/Dir_2009_119.pdf
71 http://www.ukrtransnafta.com/ru/press_center/company_news/?id=191
72 http://mpe.kmu.gov.ua/minugol/doccatalog/document?id=245131366
73 http://www.kmu.gov.ua/document/248132235/Dir_2003_96.pdf
74 http://interfax.com.ua/news/economic/365306.html
75 http://www.geo.gov.ua/novyna/derzhgeonadra-pidpysala-memorandum-pro-spivrobitnyctvo-z-amerykanskoyu-torgovelnoyu-
palatoyu

Oil
On 25 August 2016, within the framework of creating the unified geological library in Ukraine, the State
Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine had an official meeting with representatives of
Halliburton with the purpose to establish cooperation in ensuring openness of geological information and
making it more economically attractive76
. But since no details of the reached agreement were disclosed,
there is a concern that during the implementation of the pilot geological information digitizing project
planned by the parties, the executors may obtain information that constitutes a trade or state secret.
Article 280 of the Association Agreement in terms of ensuring transparent licensing for prospecting for,
exploration or production of hydrocarbons
On 19 August 2016, the State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine announced the first
auction for selling special permits for using the subsoil under new rules clarified by the Resolution of the
Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 277 of 6 April 201677
. In the opinion of Mykola Boiarkin, Head of the
State Service of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ukraine, the introduced amendments will allow inviting
as many bidders as possible and creating conditions for open fair competition. The auction will take place
on December 20. Following the official publishing of the notice of auction in the Uriadovyi Kurier paper and
posting relevant information on the official website of the Service, potential subsoil users will have 75 days
to submit their bids — by 2 November 2016. Seven land plots in Vinnytsia, Zakarpattia, Sumy, Kirovohrad,
Odesa Oblasts have been put up for auction78
.
Article 338 of the Association Agreement in terms of continuing and enhancing cooperation in the energy
sector
Within the framework of establishment of new energy infrastructures of common interest in order to
diversify oil sources, suppliers, transportation routes and transport methods (Article 338(c)), Ihor Nasalyk,
the Minister of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine, during his official visit to the Islamic Republic of Iran
that lasted from 31 July till 2 August 2016, met with Bijan Zanganeh, the Minister of Petroleum of the
Islamic Republic of Iran, to discuss a possibility of using the oil transportation system of Ukraine to supply
the Iranian oil to Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The parties agreed to create a working
group to explore possibilities for the implementation of the most promising projects within a 30-day
period79
. They also discussed the prospects of building Ukrainian oil storage capacities for their further use
with the purpose to increase logistical competitiveness of Iranian companies on the oil markets of the Black
Sea region and Europe80
.
Consultation was held on the evaluation of Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on Member
States to maintain minimum stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products.
The objective of this consultation is to collect views and suggestions from stakeholders and citizens for the
purposes of the current evaluation of Council Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on Member
States to maintain stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products.
The general objectives of the evaluation are to assess how the Oil Stocks Directive has been implemented
in the Member States and how it is functioning in practice; to identify possible problems and areas for
improvement or simplification.
76 http://www.geo.gov.ua/novyna/v-derzhgeonadrah-zustrilysya-z-predstavnykamy-vidomoyi-amerykanskoyi-korporaciyi-
halliburton
77 http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/277-2016-п
78 http://www.geo.gov.ua/novyna/u-grudni-vidbudetsya-pershyy-aukcion-z-prodazhu-specdozvoliv-za-novymy-pravylamy
79 http://mpe.kmu.gov.ua/minugol/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=245132761&cat_id=35109
80 http://www.ukrtransnafta.com/ua/press_center/company_news/?id=190

Business Climate
The Government’s priorities in the field of business climate in August included fighting corruption and
increasing the quality of state aid for doing business in Ukraine. The one-stop-shop system was launched
at all Ukrainian customs offices. The Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine held a series of discussions
with experts and confirmed its opinion that a fine for distorting competition must exceed the illegal
proceeds and have an incentive effect, but should not remove the undertaking from the market or
prevent it from competing on the market. Prime Minister of Ukraine Volodymyr Groysman initiated the
establishment of the Investment Promotion Office and entrusted the NERC with drafting the resolution
on connection to electricity networks that is supposed to remove any possible elements of corruption in
the energy sector at the regional level.
Article 22 of the AA, Section III JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND SECURITY, on fight against crime and corruption
Articles 29 of the AA, Title IV TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED MATTERS, Section 2 Elimination of customs
duties, fees and other charges, on abolishing the import duty
Articles 271-296 of the AA, Chapter 11 Trade-related energy, Directives 2009/72/EC concerning common
rules for the internal market in electricity and Directive 2009/73/EC concerning common rules for the
internal market in natural gas
In August, the one-stop-shop system was launched at all customs offices in Ukraine which was initiated by
Volodymyr Groysman, Prime Minister of Ukraine. This system introduces the unified e-database of all
imported cargoes.81
Also, the interregional customs office of the State Fiscal Service was established in Ukraine which aims to
enhance control over the activities of the customs authorities and reduce corruption.82
Articles 255-260 of the AA, Chapter 10 Competition, Section 1 Antitrust and mergers, on enforcement of
antitrust law and state monopolies
The AMCU held a public discussion of the draft advisory guidelines on applying provisions of Article 52(2)
and (5) of the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Economic Competition” and Article 21(1) and (2) of the Law
of Ukraine “On Protection against Unfair Competition” regarding the method of calculation of the amounts
of fines. Most issues were settled during the meeting, others, e.g. setting ratios for calculating fines, are yet
to be addressed by the Committee. New advisory guidelines were approved.83
At the initiative of Prime Minister of Ukraine Volodymyr Groysman, the NERC was ordered to draft the
resolution on connection to electricity networks to tackle corruption in regional energy companies.84
Articles 262–267, Chapter 10 Competition, Section 2 State aid
The Law of Ukraine “On State Aid to Undertakings” will come into force on 2 August 2017. It identifies the
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine as the authorized agency in the state aid sector. In view thereof, the
Committee held a meeting of the working group to develop a document to regulate the provision of state
aid.
Moreover, the AMCU added a new section on its official website to raise awareness of state aid among
undertakings.85
81
82 http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/495-2016-%D0%BF
http://www.amc.gov.ua/amku/doccatalog/document?id=128682&schema=main

Business Climate
The Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman initiated the creation of the Investment Promotion Office to
perform the function of an advisory agency subordinated to the Prime Minister. It will include leading
investment, communication and marketing specialists.86
Directive (EU) 2016/943 on the protection of business information (trade secrets) came into force on 8 June
2016. It deals with unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure of such information and covers, among other,
procurements made by legal entities working in the energy sector (Directive 2014/25/EU).
http://www.amc.gov.ua/amku/control/main/uk/publish/article/121028

Methodology
The Project is being implemented by five partners and two invited permanent experts. The Project is
being implemented by the following five partners: NGO “DIXI GROUP”, Resource & Analysis Center “Society
and Environment”, Civil Network “OPORA”, Association “European-Ukrainian Energy Agency”, and All-
Ukrainian NGO “Energy Association of Ukraine”. Among the project permanent members are L. Unigovskyi,
General Director of Naftogazbudinformatyka LLC, and G. Riabtsev, Social Program Director of Psycheа
Scientific and Technical Centre.
For the purpose of monitoring the implementation of the Association Agreement, the project
participants have been divided into six working groups. These are, in particular, Gas group: L. Unigovskyi
and R. Nitsovych (DiXi Group); Electricity group: S. Golikova (Energy Association of Ukraine) and O. Pavlenko
(DiXi Group); Energy Efficiency and Social Issues group: T. Boyko (OPORA) and D. Nazarenko (DiXi Group);
Environment and Renewable Energy Sources group: N. Andrusevych (Society and Environment) and
N. Yermakova (DiXi Group); Business Climate and Investments group: V. Beliakova (European-Ukrainian
Energy Agency) and A. Bilous (DiXi Group), Oil group: G. Riabtsev (Psychea) and T. Tkachuk (DiXi Group).
The Project participants identified the monitoring framework for each working group based on the
results of their analysis of the Association Agreement. This framework is described in Annex 1.
The main source of information for monitoring purposes is official information provided by public
authorities. These include, in particular, adopted regulatory and legal acts, statements by top officials,
information about meetings and events with the participation of representatives of public authorities. Also,
monitoring could be based on messages by key energy market players, their decisions and initiatives. Other
sources of information can include published articles, interviews, news, as well as results of bilateral
meetings between experts and energy market players.
The subject of monitoring is transposition and, if appropriate, implementation of Directives. The groups
and experts monitor, first of all, transposition of acquis into the Ukrainian legislation and compliance
therewith. If appropriate, but only as an option, the quality of implementation of acquis and the effect of
their implementation on the market and/or consumers can be subject to monitoring.

Methodology
ANNEX 1.
List of Articles of the Association Agreement and Acquis Subject to Monitoring
The group Electricity and Nuclear Security conducts monitoring and assessment of issues relating to
electricity, nuclear energy, coal and elimination of consequences of the Chornobyl accident. Acquis
concerned:
Article 269, Chapter 11, Title IV, Directive 2009/72/EC (market-related provisions)
Article 270, Chapter 11, Title IV, Regulation (EC) 714/2009
Article 271, Chapter 11, Title IV, Regulation (EC) 714/2009
Article 273, Chapter 11, Title IV, Regulation (EC) 714/2009, Directive 2009/72/EC
Article 274, Chapter 11, Title IV, Regulation (EC) 714/2009, Directive 2009/72/EC
Article 305, Chapter 14, Title IV, Directive 2009/72/EC, Directive 2005/89/EC
Article 338, Chapter 1, Title V
Article 338, Chapter 1, Title V, Cooperation Agreements with IFIs
Article 339, Chapter 1, Title V, coal market
Article 342, Chapter 1, Title V, cooperation in the nuclear safety sector, Directive 96/29/Euratom, Council
Directive 2006/117/Euratom, Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom
Article 342, Chapter 1, Title V, cooperation in the nuclear safety sector
The group Gas conducts monitoring and assessment of issues relating to gas, in particular, the
implementation of the following acquis:
Articles 338, 341, Directive 2009/73/EC (market-related provisions)
Articles 338, 341, Regulation (EC) 715/2009
Articles 338, 341, Directive 2004/67/EC + Annex XXVI (Early Warning Mechanism), Articles 275
(Unauthorised taking of energy goods), 276 (Interruption), 309 and 314 (resolution of disputes) of the
Association Agreement
Chapter 11 Trade-related energy, in particular Articles 269 (Domestic regulated prices), 270 (Prohibition of
dual pricing), 271 (Customs duties and quantitative restrictions), 272 (Transit) and 273–274 (Transport,
cooperation on infrastructure)
Annex XXVII to Chapter 1 Energy cooperation, including nuclear issues — Directive 94/22/EC + Articles 279–
280 (Access to and exercise of the activities of prospecting, exploring for and producing hydrocarbons, and
licensing conditions)
The group Energy Efficiency and Social Issues conducts monitoring and assessment of the implementation
of the following acquis:
Directive 2010/30/EU
Directive 2009/72/EC (social issues)
Articles 338, 341 of the Association Agreement
Directive 2009/73/EC (social issues)
Articles 338, 341 of the Association Agreement

Methodology
The group Environment and Renewable Energy Sources conducts monitoring and assessment of the
implementation of the following acquis:
Article 363, Directive 2011/92/EU
Article 363, Directive 2001/42/EC
Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
Article 363, Directive 2010/75/EU
The group Oil conducts monitoring and assessment of the implementation of the following acquis:
Directive 2009/119/EC
Directive 94/22/EC
Directive 98/70/EC
Articles 274, Chapter 11 of the Association Agreement (Trade-related energy)
Article 337 of the Association Agreement
The group Business Climate conducts monitoring and assessment of the implementation of the following
acquis:
Articles 15 of the Association Agreement, Title III
Articles 22 of the Association Agreement, Title III
JUSTICE, FREEDOM AND SECURITY
Articles 29 of the Association Agreement, Title IV TRADE AND TRADE-RELATED MATTERS, Section 2
Elimination of customs duties, fees and other charges
Article 56 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 3 Technical barriers to trade
Article 88 of the Association Agreement, Section 2, Chapter 6 Establishment, trade in services and
electronic commerce
Articles 93 of the Association Agreement, Section 3 Cross-border supply of services
Articles 97–102 of the Association Agreement, Section 4 Temporary presence of natural persons for
business purposes
Articles 104–105 of the Association Agreement, Section 5 Regulatory framework, Sub-section 1 Domestic
regulation
Article 127 of the Association Agreement, Sub-section 6 Financial services
Articles 144–147 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 7 Current payments and movement of capital

Methodology
Articles 150–156 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 8 Public procurement
Directive 2014/24/EC and Directive 2014/25/EC
Articles 255–260 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 10 Competition, Section 1 Antitrust and mergers
Articles 296–271 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Trade-Related energy, Directives 2003/54/EC
and 2003/55/EC
Articles 272 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Trade-related energy,
Directives 2003/54/EC and 2003/55/EC
Articles 273 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Trade-related energy, Directives 2003/54/EC and
2003/55/EC
Articles 275–276 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Trade-related energy,
Articles 279–280 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Trade-related energy,
Articles 337–342 of the Association Agreement, Title V ECONOMIC AND SECTOR COOPERATION, Chapter 1
Energy cooperation, including nuclear issues, Directives 2009/73/EC, 2009/72/EC and 2004/8/EC
Articles 378–379 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 10 Industrial and enterprise policy
Articles 381–382 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 11 Mining and metals
Articles 383–385 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 12 Financial services
Article 387 of the Association Agreement, Chapter 13 Company law, corporate governance, accounting and
auditing

Glossary
ANNEX 2.
Glossary (Short Description) of EU Acquis Subject to Implementation Monitoring
Gas
This Directive establishes common rules for the transmission, distribution, supply and storage of natural
gas. The rules established by this Directive apply to natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), biogas and gas
from biomass. They aim to achieve a competitive, secure and environmentally sustainable market. This
Directive provides for compulsory functional unbinding (supply) of transmission system operators (TSO) in
vertically integrated undertakings. EU Member States must ensure that all customers are entitled to freely
choose natural gas supplier and can easily change supplier within three weeks. At the same time, Member
States may impose on suppliers selling gas to household customers obligations which may relate to
security, including security of supply, regularity, quality and price of supplies, and environmental
protection, including energy efficiency.
Regulation (EU) No. 715/2009 on conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks and
repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1775/2005
This Regulation sets common rules for access to gas transmission systems, LNG terminals and storage
facilities taking into account the special characteristics of national and regional markets. The document
establishes the procedures of certification of transmission system operators, as well as development,
elaboration and implementation of network codes (with the participation of the European Network of
Transmission System Operators — ENTSO — for Gas). The key objective of this Regulation is to ensure that
all market participants have free and non-discriminatory access to relevant infrastructure and capacities.
Directive 2004/67/EC concerning measures to safeguard security of natural gas supply
This Directive establishes a common framework within which Member States must define general,
transparent and non-discriminatory security of supply policies compatible with the requirements of a
competitive market, and clarify the roles and responsibilities of market players (including in case of
emergency). The government must specify minimum security of supply standards to be complied with by
the market players, prepare and update national emergency measures, identify “vulnerable” customers
and ensure adequate security for them, establish cooperation with the European Commission and other
stakeholders.
Directive 2009/72/EC concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing
This Directive establishes common rules for the generation, transmission, distribution and supply of
electricity. It also lays down universal service obligations and the rights of electricity consumers and clarifies
competition requirements. Open internal market enables all consumers freely to choose their suppliers and
all suppliers freely to deliver to their customers (free movement of goods, the freedom of establishment
and the freedom to provide services). At the same time, this Directive sets stricter requirements to
unbundling of transmission system operators (TSO) in vertically integrated undertakings. It also contains
consumer rights provisions, reinforces and clarifies the functions and powers of regulatory authorities.

Glossary
Regulation (EC) No. 714/2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in
electricity and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1228/2003
This Regulation establishes the rules for cross-border exchanges of electricity with the view to enhancing
competition and achieving harmonization within the internal market in electricity. Comparing to the
previous Regulation No. 1228/2003, this Regulation contains additional provisions on certification of
transmission system operators (TSO), introduction of network codes and publication of information by
system operators. It also clarifies that the European Network of Transmission System Operators for
Electricity (the ENTSO for Electricity) is responsible for the management of electricity transmission
networks to allow trading and supplying electricity across borders within the EU.
Directive 2005/89/EC concerning measures to safeguard security of electricity supply and infrastructure
investment
This Directive establishes measures aimed at safeguarding security of electricity supply so as to ensure the
proper functioning of the internal market for electricity, an appropriate level of interconnection between
Member States, an adequate level of generation capacity and an adequate balance between supply and
demand. It establishes a framework within which Member States are to define general transparent and
non-discriminatory policies on security of electricity supply compatible with the requirements of a
competitive market for electricity. They must define and publish roles and responsibilities of competent
authorities and all relevant market actors. In implementing these measures, Member States are supposed
to guarantee continuity of electricity supplies, explore possibilities for cross-border cooperation in relation
to security of electricity supply, reduce the long-term effects of the growth of electricity demand, ensure
diversity in electricity generation, encourage energy efficiency and the adoption of new technologies,
ensure regular renewal of networks.
Council Directive 96/29/Euratom laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of
workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation
This Directive establishes common basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and
the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation. This Directive applies to all practices
which involve a risk from ionizing radiation emanating from an artificial source or from a natural radiation
source in cases where natural radionuclides are or have been processed in view of their radioactive, fissile
properties, etc. It also applies to work activities which involve the presence of natural radiation sources and
lead to a significant increase in the exposure of workers or members of the public.
Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste
and spent fuel
This Directive authorizes transboundary shipments of spent fuel between Member States for processing,
requires prior authorization for transboundary shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel where such
fuel is moved from, through the territory of or to a Member State. This Directive also requires return of
radioactive waste to its country of origin.
Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and
orphan sources
This Directive establishes stricter rules for control of sealed radioactive sources, and harmonizes a relevant
policy on a common European level. “Sealed source" means the capsule, where applicable, enclosing the
radioactive material as an integral part of the source (used in medical science, scientific research). This
Directive applies to the storage of such materials and requires the Member States to provide plans of
specific measures for the treatment thereof.

Glossary
Directive 2010/30/EU on the indication by labelling and standard product information of the
consumption of energy and other resources by energy-related products
This Directive regulates labelling of energy-related products and provision of information to consumers
relating to their consumption of electric energy. It applies to products which have a direct or indirect
impact on the consumption of energy and on other resources during use. Suppliers placing products on the
market must ensure that such products are labelled with the information about their consumption of
energy and other resources. Suppliers must also produce technical documentation to include: a general
description of the product; the results of design calculations carried out; test reports; the references
allowing identification of similar models. The technical documentation must be available for inspection
purposes for a period ending five years. Suppliers must provide the necessary labels and product-related
information free of charge to dealers, and the latter must display labels properly, in a visible and legible
manner.
Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings
This Directive promotes the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the Union, taking
into account outdoor climatic and local conditions. It lays down minimum requirements, common general
framework for a methodology and covers energy used for heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation and
lighting. National authorities must establish reasonable minimum requirements to energy efficiency to be
reviewed every five years. They also establish a system of certification of the energy efficiency. Such
certificates provide information to prospective buyers or tenants on the energy performance of buildings,
and advice on enhancing it.
Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and
repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC
This Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within
the Union in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s 2020 20% headline target on energy
efficiency. Such measures include:
• annual 1.5% energy savings resulting from implementing energy efficiency measures by distribution
network operators and suppliers;
• enhancing energy performance of heating systems, installation of double-glazed windows and roof
insulation;
• purchase of buildings, products and services with high energy-efficiency performance by public bodies;
• annual energy modernization of at least 3% of the total floor area of buildings owned and occupied by
public bodies;
• expanding rights and possibilities of consumers in the area of energy management which includes easy
and free access to the metering data on the actual consumption;
• national incentives for small and medium-sized enterprises to conduct energy audit that should be
mandatory for all large enterprises;
• monitoring of the energy performance of new energy generating capacities.
Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the
environment (codification)
This Directive introduces an important instrument of the environmental policy — environmental impact
assessment. Member States must ensure, first of all, that projects likely to have significant effects on the
environment (by virtue, inter alia, of their nature, size or location) are made subject to a requirement for
development consent and an assessment with regard to their effects. This Directive contains two lists of
projects subject to environmental impact assessment (from nuclear power stations, gas pipelines, etc., to

Glossary
large pig farms). An important element is stricter publicity requirements, including to the public
participation in the environmental impact assessment.
Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the
environment
This Directive introduces an important instrument of environmental policy — strategic environmental
assessment. An environmental assessment must be carried out of certain plans and programmes during
their preparation. Such assessment includes preparation of the environmental report (that must contain
detail information on the likely significant environmental effects and reasonable alternatives) and
consultations with the relevant authorities and the public. Where a transboundary effect is possible, an
assessment and consultations in a transboundary context must be carried out.
Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive
90/313/EEC
This Directive implements the provisions of the Aarhus Conventions relating to public access to
environmental information. It aims to guarantee public access to environmental information owned by
public authorities — both upon request and through active dissemination thereof. Environmental
information must be made available to an applicant within one month after the receipt by the public
authority of the applicant’s request. A request for environmental information may be refused if the request
is manifestly unreasonable, or formulated in too general a manner, concerns an unfinished document or
internal communications.
Directive 2003/35/EC providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and
programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to
justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
This Directive addresses the implementation of the Aarhus Convention in respect of public participation
and access to justice. It sets the requirements to the introduction of mechanisms of informing the public,
holding consultations with the public and taking account of comments and proposals of the public in
decision-making. Member States must ensure that the public is given early and effective opportunities to
participate in the preparation and modification or review of the plans or programmes required to be drawn
up under the provisions listed in Annex I of the Directive.
Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
This Directive establishes ambient air quality and ambient air quality management standards. For this
purpose, it establishes upper and lower assessment thresholds, target and threshold values, sets objectives
for the reduction of the effect of particulate matters, defines and classifies zones and agglomerations,
introduces the systems of informing the public and ambient air quality assessment with respect to various
pollutants. Where, in a given zone or agglomeration, there is a risk that the levels of pollutants will exceed
the alert thresholds, short-term action plans must be drawn up.
Directive 1999/32/ЕС relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels and amending
Directive 93/12/EEC, as amended by the Regulation (EC) No. 1882/2003 and Directive 2005/33/EC
The purpose of this Directive is to reduce the emissions of sulphur dioxide resulting from the combustion of
certain types of liquid fuels and thereby to reduce the harmful effects of such emissions on man and the
environment. It sets the maximum sulphur content in heavy fuel oil, gas oil and marine gas oils. It also
specifies methods of sampling and analysis of sulphur content in fuel to check compliance with the
requirements.
Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds (Article 4.2)

Glossary
This Directive relates to the conservation of all species of naturally occurring birds in the wild state in the
European territory of the Member States. The mechanism of conservation of wild birds provides for the
protection of their habitats; protection and use of birds; prevention of harm that can be caused by invasive
species; research and reporting. According to Article 4.2, special protection areas need to be established
based on ornitological criteria. Special measures also need to be taken to protect migratory species
naturally occurring in the territory of a particular state, especially in wetlands.
Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)
This Directive lays down rules on integrated prevention and control of pollution arising from industrial
activities. It requires using the integrated approach to activities referred to in Annex I thereto. All
installations covered by this Directive must prevent or reduce pollution due to using best available
techniques, efficient energy use, prevention and control of emissions. Transparency of the integrated
approach is ensured by the public participation.
Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and
subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
This Directive provides for setting mandatory national targets for the overall share of energy from
renewable sources in the overall energy balance to take account of statistics and potential of each
particular country. These targets include the achievement of a 20% share of energy from renewable
sources in overall Energy Community energy consumption by 2020 and a 10% target to be achieved for the
share of RES in the transport sector. This Directive, among other, establishes rules for joint green energy
projects between Member States and third countries and access to the grid-system of electricity produced
from renewable energy sources.
Oil
Directive 2009/119/EC imposing an obligation on Member States to maintain minimum stocks of crude
oil and/or petroleum products
This Directive lays down rules aimed at ensuring a high level of security of oil supply in the Community
through reliable and transparent mechanisms based on solidarity amongst Member States. It provides for
the adoption of such laws, regulations or administrative provisions as may be appropriate in order to
ensure that the total oil stocks maintained at all times within the Community for their benefit correspond,
at the very least, to 90 days of average daily net imports or 61 days of average daily inland consumption,
whichever of the two quantities is greater.
Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels
The EU introduced rules prohibiting leaded petrol and limiting the permitted sulphur content in diesel fuel
with the view to improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This Directive sets technical
specifications applicable to petrol, diesel fuels and biofuels used in vehicles, as well as to gas oils used in
non-road mobile machinery. Apart from the prohibition of marketing leaded petrol, Member States must
conduct assessment of national consumption of fuel, adopt laws and identify the authorized body (bodies)
to introduce the fuel quality monitoring system.
Directive 94/63/EC on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from the
storage of petrol and its distribution from terminals to service stations, as amended by Regulation
No. 1882/2003 87
This Directive provides for the registration of all terminals used for storage, loading and unloading of oil
products, installation of technical means allowing reduction of VOC emissions from mobile containers with
87
The official translation has a lot of mistakes resulting from inaccurate translation

Glossary
oil products, bringing all stationary tanks, rail, marine and motor vehicle tanks and loading installations in
compliance with the established requirements.
Directive 94/22/EC on the conditions for granting and using authorizations for the prospection,
exploration and production of hydrocarbons
This Directive establishes common rules to ensure the non-discriminatory access to and pursuit of activities
relating to the prospection, exploration and production of hydrocarbons. These objective and transparent
rules reinforce integration of the internal energy market, encourage greater competition and improve
security of supply. The document provides for the implementation of measures to ensure:
• equal access to all organizations possessing necessary resources for prospecting, exploring for and
producing hydrocarbons;
• granting authorizations on the basis of objective, published criteria;
• communication of all necessary information to all organizations participating in the established
procedures.
Business Climate
Directive 2014/25/EU on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport and postal
services sectors and repealing Directive 2004/17/EC
This Directive aims to ensure market openness, as well as fair procurements, in particular in the energy
sector: extraction (production), transmission and distribution of gas, heat, electricity.
Directive 2014/24/EU on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC
This Directive aims to ensure open public procurement market, fair competition in awarding public works
contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts between successful tenderers and the state.
Public procurements must be published on official websites. The award is made to the tender most
economically advantageous from the point of view of price, quality, technical merit, experience.
Directive 2009/72/EC concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing
This Directive provides for the implementation of laws on the electricity market which defines electricity as
an energy-related product to be purchased/sold/produced/transmitted/stored. These operations may be
carried out by all licensed companies on equal competitive conditions. The state also ensures non-
discriminatory access to the existing infrastructure, creates favourable conditions for electricity producers
to invest in new forms of energy (wind, solar, etc.).
This Directive provides for the implementation of laws on the gas market which defines gas as an energy-
related product to be purchased/sold/produced/transmitted/stored. These operations may be carried out
by all licensed companies on equal competitive conditions. The state also ensures that companies have
non-discriminatory access to distribution networks, gas storage facilities and cross-border gas pipelines.
Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and
repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC
This Directive provides for the creation of favourable conditions for encouraging and development of high-
efficiency cogeneration — provision of investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, green certificates and
direct price support schemes.

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