This document provides information on endoscopy equipment and procedures. It discusses the components of endoscopy systems including the camera, monitor, light source, and endoscopes. It then describes various endoscopy procedures for different parts of the body. The remainder of the document outlines a 10 step process for testing and inspecting endoscopy equipment to check for defects or needed repairs. This includes tests for the light guide, air leakage, water and suction functions, biopsy channels, insertion tubes, angulations, knobs, and distal ends of endoscopes.

1. Presented by:
Dr. Mohammed Alolofi

5. -Laparoscopy.
-Arthroscopy.
-Endo-Urology.
-Gynecology.
-E.N.T-applications.
-Proctoscopy.
-. . . .And many other surgical applications
(gastrectomy,neurosurgery,…etc) .

10. • The digestive tract consists of the
followings :
• Mouth
• Throat
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Duodenum
• Small bowel
• Colon
• Rectum
• Anus
• And other GI organs .

11. UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY
LOWER GI ENDOSCOPY
RESPIRATORY ENDOSCOPY

12. Gastroscopy

13. Doudnoscope
Or ERCP

14. Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy

15. Bronchoscopy
Laryngoscopy

16. Bronchoscope

17. Cystoscopy

18. • Camera processor
• Monitor
• Light source
• Video recorder
• Video printer
• Suction system
• E.S.U
• Trolley with hanger
• Endoscope
• Endo-accessories

19. Fiber endoscopes
Video endoscopes

23. • Lower Repair Cost:
1. Early Detection
2. Proper Handling
3. Maintenance

28. Doudnoscope or ERCP

29. • IMAGE SYSTEM.
1. Fiber endoscope
2. Video endoscope
CCD camera with driver board

30. • Lighting
Fiber optic bundles composed of thousands of
individual fibers are used to transmit light from
the light guide plug to the distal tip of the
insertion tube. An optical fiber is composed of
two layers of glass of different reflective values
that trap the light inside the length of the fiber.
The flexibility of the fibers enables the light to be
bent around corners and curves.

31. .

32. • Angulations System
1. Control section
2. Coil pipes
3. Angulations wires
4. Bending section

42. 1. Air/ Water Channels (A/W Channels)
2. Operation Channel(biopsy, working Channel)
3. Suction Channel

54. • Most endoscopes have a cord connector or
grounding port on the light guide connector or
elsewhere on the endoscope, usually the
control body. All metal endoscope
components are connected to this port to
conduct any leakage current to ground on an
electro surgical unit.

59. Distal end: corrosion of epoxy

64. 1. Broken fiber Test:
The presence of black dots indicates broken
fibers. By holding the tip of the scope to the
light, focus through the eyepiece and look for
any black dots. You can also look for any signs
of fluid invasion; Stains, "Red crack", X-Ray
yellowing, Image brightness etc. Also view
eyepiece for dust, fluid contamination etc.

65. 2. Light Guide Test – Tube and Illumination Test:
Check the Light guide tube (umbilical), and
connector. Be sure there are no leaks, buckles,
wrinkles, etc. Be sure the connector has no loose
parts or fluid in video connector. If it has a leak,
buckled or impacted repair maybe needed.
Observe Light guide illumination bundle by
observing the image. Unplug the scope from
the light source, hold the distal tip to a light
and be sure it is not over %10 broken.

66. 3. Air Leakage Test:
use an Air Leakage Tester and pump endoscope
with air: waiting 3 minutes @ 3.5 kg/cm2

67. 4. Air Water function Test:
With Endoscope plugged into light source or
processor, and depressing air/water valve; water
should spray out of nozzle over objective lens at
least 30 cc's in 30 seconds, holding finger on air
valve; 50cc's in 5 seconds using a measuring
beaker. Water should shoot over objective lens.
Be sure nozzle is not missing. If air or water is
faulty or missing, air/water nozzle or channels
will require unblocking or replacing.

68. 5. Suction Pump and Channel Test:
By connecting endoscope to suction pump and
with suction on, depress suction valve with tip
in 80cc of water, endoscope should allow 80
cc's in 5 seconds

69. 6. Biopsy Channel Test:
Using the correct size Biopsy Forceps, pass the
Forceps through the endoscope biopsy
channel and text for kinks in the channel.
Angulate endoscope while passing through
distal end of scope. If forceps do not pass or
resistance is felt, channel(s) may require
replacement.

70. 7. Insertion Tube Test:
look for any holes as described above. Check for
wear, wrinkled, blistered, buckles etc. Be sure
that IT is not impacted, loose and twists at
boot! If buckled at boot, or anywhere on tube,
insertion tube will require replacement.

71. 8. Angulations Test:
Please refer to the manufactures guides or angulations
charts as the metrics used in this test is dependent on
the model. Example: EG-2990i: Up: 210°, Down 120°,
Right 120°, Left 120°. Endoscope should be angulated
smoothly with no play. If angulation is tight or doesn't
angulate at all, play and angles will require adjustment
or angulation wire replaced. If bending section bends
irregularly or to one side, bending section mesh or
articulating section will require replacement.

72. 9. Knob Test:
Turn knobs back and forth. If they leak are loose
or cracked. They will require replacement. If a
grinding feeling is noticed on Pentax® or
Fujinon®, drum wire will require
replacement.

73. 10. Distal End Test:
Observe the distal end, the "c-cover" distal and cap
should be round and smooth. Check lenses, they
shouldn't be cracked or dirty. Also the same for
objective lens. Check Biopsy channel hole, should
be round and smooth. If C-cover is impacted i.e.
cracked, the C-cover will require replacement. If
lenses are cracked, they will distort light and will
require replacement. If biopsy channel is cut with
laser, c-cover or channel will require repair.

74. 11. Elevator wire Test –Duedenoscope:
With forceps down channel and pointing out of
distal end approximately 1 inch, move Control
arm lever, forceps should move up and down
at distal end and observing image, should
come into field of view at manufacturers
specifications. If lever doesn't move elevator
wire or is tight or stuck, elevator wire or lever
assembly must be repaired or replaced.