Endogenous toxicology luisetto m almukthar n behzad nili a gamal abdul hamid et al 2019 clinical pathology and research journal medwin,#oncology,#cancer,#toxicology, INDEXED BY SCILIT, #researchgate
This document discusses the concept of endogenous toxicology, which examines pathological conditions from the perspective of toxins produced within the body. It provides several examples:
- Certain neurological diseases may be related to endogenous toxins similar to plant toxins, interacting with receptors evolved in response to environmental toxins.
- Metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease involve the accumulation of endogenous toxic molecules like advanced glycation end products.
- Cancer progression may be influenced by the local microenvironment in organs, with factors like blood flow affecting the likelihood of metastasis to specific sites.
- Many conditions could involve an imbalance or overproduction of endogenous substances acting as toxins in the body. This perspective could provide new approaches to treatment.
This document discusses the concept of endogenous toxicology and its relationship to physiology, pathology, and new therapeutic strategies. It proposes analyzing diseases from the perspective of endogenous toxic substances produced within the body, such as metabolic byproducts, and their local microenvironment effects. Several examples of diseases are described where endogenous toxins may play a role, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. The document argues this endogenous toxicology perspective could provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and innovative pharmacological approaches.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2-Aminothiazoles Appended 5-me...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Abstract: A highly efficient and milder protocol for the syntheses of novel series of 2-aminothiazoles
bearing 5-methylisoxazoline and pyridine-piperazine hybrid molecules has been developed. The target
compounds 13a-e were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against various tumor cell lines
including MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), Jurkat (human Tcell
leukemia) and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia). The bioactive assay showed most of the
new compounds exhibited promising results in comparison with the parental Sunitinib. The synthesized
compounds could well be used in the future as lead anticancer drugs in drug development studies. The
synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and
mass spectral data.
1) The document discusses the relationship between the immune system and brain development/function. Alterations in immune function can impact neurodevelopment and be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders.
2) Studies show that drugs like fingolimod that modulate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and prevent lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes can significantly reduce relapse rates and disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients.
3) Autism disorders may involve abnormalities in certain brain areas and a complex symptomatology related to genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt normal brain growth and the immune situation. The immune status, specific time periods, microenvironment, and genetics may all provide insights into autism pathogenesis.
International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
INNOVATIVE MEDICINES, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING PATIENTS' HE...Jing Zang
Despite remarkable scientific and technological achievements during the 20th century, the 21st century has already witnessed additional new and profound changes in all areas of medical science and research, including innovations and discoveries in biology, cellular biology, genomics and proteomics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and information technology. This review is an up-date on some of the existing therapies, drug delivery technologies, and approaches that aimed to improve patients’ health care and quality of their life.
This document discusses doxorubicin (Dox), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, and its ability to induce autophagy in tumor cells and cardiomyocytes. Recent research has identified several major biomarkers, such as AMPK, p53, and Bcl-2, that are important for Dox-induced apoptosis. In particular, it is Bcl-2's interaction with Beclin-1 that has refocused attention on Dox's ability to induce autophagy. The document suggests that further research into Dox's molecular signaling in neoplastic and normal cells may help redefine how Dox is clinically used and lead to improved cancer management by potentially exploiting autophagy.
Toxicological advances of traditional medicine in 2019LucyPi1
1. The paper reviewed toxicology research on traditional medicine from 2019. It found that the liver, kidney, and heart are mainly targeted for toxicity.
2. Safety research has also focused on different populations like infants, children, and those who are pregnant. Zebrafish embryos are now commonly used in addition to rodents to evaluate safety.
3. New technologies in 2019 included using multispectral optoacoustic tomography to image liver injury and integrating microRNA profiles to explain toxicity mechanisms. Overall research continues to improve understanding of toxicity targets and mechanisms.
Autism & Related Disabilities is a developmental disorder that affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. It is also known as a complex developmental disability. Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities is an open access, peer reviewed scholarly journal committed to publication of unique contributions concerned with Autism & Related Disabilities.
Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Autism & Related Disabilities.
This document discusses the concept of endogenous toxicology and its relationship to physiology, pathology, and new therapeutic strategies. It proposes analyzing diseases from the perspective of endogenous toxic substances produced within the body, such as metabolic byproducts, and their local microenvironment effects. Several examples of diseases are described where endogenous toxins may play a role, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. The document argues this endogenous toxicology perspective could provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and innovative pharmacological approaches.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation of 2-Aminothiazoles Appended 5-me...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Abstract: A highly efficient and milder protocol for the syntheses of novel series of 2-aminothiazoles
bearing 5-methylisoxazoline and pyridine-piperazine hybrid molecules has been developed. The target
compounds 13a-e were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against various tumor cell lines
including MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), Jurkat (human Tcell
leukemia) and THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukemia). The bioactive assay showed most of the
new compounds exhibited promising results in comparison with the parental Sunitinib. The synthesized
compounds could well be used in the future as lead anticancer drugs in drug development studies. The
synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and
mass spectral data.
1) The document discusses the relationship between the immune system and brain development/function. Alterations in immune function can impact neurodevelopment and be associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders.
2) Studies show that drugs like fingolimod that modulate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and prevent lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes can significantly reduce relapse rates and disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients.
3) Autism disorders may involve abnormalities in certain brain areas and a complex symptomatology related to genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt normal brain growth and the immune situation. The immune status, specific time periods, microenvironment, and genetics may all provide insights into autism pathogenesis.
International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR)iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
INNOVATIVE MEDICINES, TECHNOLOGIES AND APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING PATIENTS' HE...Jing Zang
Despite remarkable scientific and technological achievements during the 20th century, the 21st century has already witnessed additional new and profound changes in all areas of medical science and research, including innovations and discoveries in biology, cellular biology, genomics and proteomics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and information technology. This review is an up-date on some of the existing therapies, drug delivery technologies, and approaches that aimed to improve patients’ health care and quality of their life.
This document discusses doxorubicin (Dox), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, and its ability to induce autophagy in tumor cells and cardiomyocytes. Recent research has identified several major biomarkers, such as AMPK, p53, and Bcl-2, that are important for Dox-induced apoptosis. In particular, it is Bcl-2's interaction with Beclin-1 that has refocused attention on Dox's ability to induce autophagy. The document suggests that further research into Dox's molecular signaling in neoplastic and normal cells may help redefine how Dox is clinically used and lead to improved cancer management by potentially exploiting autophagy.
Toxicological advances of traditional medicine in 2019LucyPi1
1. The paper reviewed toxicology research on traditional medicine from 2019. It found that the liver, kidney, and heart are mainly targeted for toxicity.
2. Safety research has also focused on different populations like infants, children, and those who are pregnant. Zebrafish embryos are now commonly used in addition to rodents to evaluate safety.
3. New technologies in 2019 included using multispectral optoacoustic tomography to image liver injury and integrating microRNA profiles to explain toxicity mechanisms. Overall research continues to improve understanding of toxicity targets and mechanisms.
Autism & Related Disabilities is a developmental disorder that affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. It is also known as a complex developmental disability. Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities is an open access, peer reviewed scholarly journal committed to publication of unique contributions concerned with Autism & Related Disabilities.
Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Autism & Related Disabilities.
Annual advances of traditional medicine toxicity in 2018LucyPi1
Abstract There were many researches concerning toxicology of traditional medicine (TM) and active natural products during the past 12 months. This annual toxicology review summarized different analysis methods of toxicology research, common evaluated models, toxic target organs, toxic mechanisms, and popular research issues and herbs in 2018. The emphasis was on hepatorenal toxicity induced by TM through cell apoptosis, metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, liver and renal fibrosis and even inducing carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, traditional herbs were listed in this review. Taken together, the herbs mentioned in this paper should be used with caution. Combination of TM, processing drugs, quality control and dose control can be used in the prevention of TM toxicology in the future.
A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancerMonirg
This document discusses the role of oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention. It describes how oxidative stress causes an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses, potentially leading to DNA damage and cancer. The transcription factor Nrf2 plays a key role in activating antioxidant and detoxification genes. Many dietary phytochemicals have been shown to activate the Nrf2 pathway and protect against cancer by reducing oxidative stress. In addition, some phytochemicals can modify gene expression epigenetically by altering DNA methylation and histone modifications, including reactivating the Nrf2 pathway. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop new strategies for cancer prevention using phytochemicals.
Environment inside even a small tumor is characterized by total (anoxia) or partial oxygen deprivation, hypoxia. It has been shown that radiotherapy and some conventional chemotherapies may be less effective in hypoxia, and therefore it is important to investigate how different drugs act in different microenvironments. In this study we perform a large screening of the effects of 19 clinically used or experimental chemotherapeutic drugs on four different cell lines in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia.
Biological responses to tumor hypoxia & their potential as therapeutic targetsMAASTRO clinic
Lecture by Dr. Brad Wouters in the context of the Course: "Tumour Hypoxia: From Biology to Therapy III".
For the complete e-Course see http://www.myhaikuclass.com/MaastroClinic/metoxia
This document contains 10 references related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). SJS is a severe skin reaction that is often caused by certain medications. Some key points discussed across the references include: carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are antiepileptic drugs that have been associated with SJS; genetic factors may play a role in individual susceptibility to developing idiosyncratic drug reactions like SJS; and direct interaction between certain medications and HLA proteins in the skin can activate immune cells and cause SJS.
The document discusses the history and importance of pharmacogenetics in understanding variability in individual drug response and toxicity. It describes the role of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes like CYP450 and how this impacts drug clearance and effects. While data on genetic variability is growing, well-designed clinical trials are still needed to validate pharmacogenetic approaches and address the challenges of predicting drug metabolism and response based on genetics. Understanding these factors can help optimize drug therapy and dosing for individual patients.
Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Linked Amide Derivatives of Pteridone: Synthesis and ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Cancer is a second leading cause of death after heart attack, in developing as well as undeveloped
countries. It is caused by unregulated growth and metastasis of the abnormal cancer cells.
Cancer can be cured by radiation, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, among them; chemotherapy is a
good treatment for cancer, in which chemotherapeutic drug is used. The anticancer activity of newly
synthesized compounds (13a-j) was carried out on four different types of human cancer cell lines like
MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung), Colo-205 (colon) and A2780 (ovarian) by the MTT method, and compared
to etoposide used as a positive control. Among them, compound 13g with electron-withdrawing
(3,5-dinitro) group, exhibited more promising activity in all cell lines (MCF-7 = 0.10±0.076 μM, A549
= 0.17±0.039 μM, Colo-205= 0.13±0.022 μM and A2780 = 0.87±0.027μM). This compound may act
as lead drug in cancer chemotherapy. In future, this compound can be examined for clinical studies.
The document discusses the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It notes that various factors like bacterial/viral infections, autoimmune reactions, and urinary reflux can stimulate an inflammatory reaction in the prostate, characterized by growth factors and cell proliferation. This inflammatory process is self-perpetuating and creates a vicious cycle. Available clinical data indicates chronic prostatic inflammation is prevalent in BPH patients and correlated with increased lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate volume as well as risk of urinary retention. The document examines exploring new pharmacological strategies by considering the immunological aspects of BPH progression.
Toxicogenomics is a field that combines genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics with toxicology to understand how the genome responds to environmental stressors and toxicants. It aims to understand the relationship between environmental toxins and disease, identify biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and elucidate molecular toxicity mechanisms. While it provides useful databases of environmental and genomic data, toxicogenomics analysis faces challenges in integrating different types of large datasets and linking "omics" data to specific health effects.
This document describes research into developing new treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by inhibiting mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-dependent protein aggregation. Researchers identified pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (PYT) derivatives as promising compounds through high-throughput screening. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the optimization of PYT analogs, with certain modifications showing improved potency and properties. The most potent analogs contained electron-withdrawing groups and an aromatic ring at the R3 position. X-ray crystallography revealed the PYT core adopts a flat, benzene-like conformation that may contribute to biological activity. Overall, PYTs represent
The document describes the history of collaboration between Mayo Clinic and Karolinska Institutet, a medical university in Sweden, dating back to 1914. It details visits and partnerships between physicians and researchers at the two institutions over the decades that have led to collaborative research projects, publications, and opportunities for travel between the US and Sweden. By 2014, annual research symposia had expanded beyond diabetes and metabolism to include many other areas. The relationship provides funding through competitive grants and travel awards to support collaborative projects and enable researchers to visit each other's institutions. Several examples of funded projects spanning 2013-2014 are described covering areas such as neurodegeneration, cancer, regenerative medicine and more.
Our case describes an unusual presentation of dermatomyositis
in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. Th e eruption appeared as a venous stasis like dermatitis. Th e temporal sequence of onset after chemotherapy administration suggested a possible drug-induced process. However, in the context of underlying ovarian carcinoma, a paraneoplastic process offered an alternative explanation for
dermatomyositis.
This document discusses cancer and chemotherapy. It defines cancer as uncontrolled cell growth and describes its characteristics. Cancer treatment may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations. Chemotherapy uses chemical agents to kill cancer cells and can be used as adjuvant therapy after other treatments or as neo-adjuvant therapy before the main treatment. The document then describes the cell cycle, principles of chemotherapy including drug mechanisms and scheduling, problems like resistance and toxicities, and examples of different classes of chemotherapeutic agents including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, antibiotics, hormonal agents, and monoclonal antibodies.
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Endogenous Toxicology" which discusses various diseases from an endogenous toxicological perspective. It explores how certain diseases may be caused or related to toxic substances produced internally through metabolism and discusses potential new therapeutic strategies. Several examples of diseases are described in detail, including some cancers, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular/metabolic conditions. The authors analyze literature to understand pathological phenomena from an endogenous toxicological viewpoint and experimental studies are proposed to further test hypotheses regarding local endogenous environmental effects on disease progression.
This document summarizes research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including its pathogenesis, genetic factors, and potential new treatment strategies. It discusses how ALS results from damage to motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord from a combination of increased toxicity from substances like glutamate, calcium ions, and protein aggregates as well as weaknesses in the motor neuron system from genetic mutations and deficits in neurotrophic factors. While the cause is still unclear, various studies suggest roles for inflammation, immune responses, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and dysregulation of autophagy and microRNAs. The document reviews several studies examining these pathways and their implications for understanding ALS and identifying new therapeutic targets. It also proposes experimental models to
1) ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle paralysis. It was first described in 1874 but its pathogenesis remains unclear.
2) ALS may be caused by both increased toxicity from substances like RNA proteins and weakness of the motor neuron system. Genetic mutations and environmental toxins are also implicated in some cases.
3) The document proposes new experimental and drug delivery approaches to better understand disease mechanisms and improve treatment of ALS.
This document summarizes research on the immunological and toxicological implications of COVID-19, focusing on the innate immune response and immune evasion. It discusses how the virus can trigger a "cytokine storm" through overactivation of the innate immune system and proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6. This storm can lead to widespread inflammation and multi-organ failure. The document also explores potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the cytokine response, such as using corticosteroids or chloroquine to reduce IL-6 levels and calm the storm. Understanding the immune dysregulation and identifying key signaling pathways may help develop new clinical management approaches and prevent progression to severe illness.
Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases.pptxDipsikhaAryal
Molecular epidemiology refers to the incorporation of molecular and biological data into epidemiological research. It aims to open the "black box" between exposure and disease by examining intermediate events. This presentation discusses the concept of molecular epidemiology, its uses in studying disease causation and biomarkers. Special study designs like nested case-control are used. Molecular epidemiology can help public health by providing more accurate understanding of disease mechanisms for prevention recommendations. It represents an opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration to better understand chronic diseases.
1) The document proposes new pharmacological strategies for some heart diseases using a toxicological approach and new delivery systems. It reviews literature on topics like kinetics, metabolism, toxicity, and autonomic control that could provide insights into pathologies.
2) The author suggests that a toxicological perspective considering local metabolic/catabolic processes over time could help understand some conditions. New tests stressing cardiac metabolism in different conditions may help diseases like heart attacks and failure.
3) Combining drugs with delivery systems like stents could help treatments act in the right sites and reduce side effects, as seen in some current therapies. Further clinical trials are needed to validate potential new strategies.
This document discusses potential new pharmacological strategies for some metabolic and endocrine disorders based on a toxicological approach. It reviews literature showing how factors like kinetics, gradients, toxicity, membrane function, and autonomic control are involved in various conditions and could be further explored. New delivery methods and combining drugs with other instruments may help treatments act more effectively with fewer side effects. While current drug associations are used, their efficacy could be improved. A toxicological perspective considering time-related endogenous toxicity and cellular effects may provide new insights into pathological processes and better verify treatment approaches.
This document summarizes new pharmacological strategies for treating some heart diseases from a toxicological perspective. It reviews literature on using new diagnostic tests to assess cardiac metabolism under stress, considering local heart toxicity over time, and delivering drugs using new delivery systems. It concludes that considering kinetics, metabolism, toxicity over time, and new diagnostic and delivery methods could provide new approaches for certain cardiovascular conditions.
The document proposes applying toxicology approaches to better understand some neurobiological phenomena. It suggests that local microenvironments and the timing of immune system influences could play a role in certain brain pathologies. Specifically, it hypothesizes that immune system imbalances or shocks during critical periods of growth and development could impact neuronal connectivity and apoptosis, potentially leading to conditions like autism. The author argues that considering intra-cellular toxicology factors over time may provide new insights into the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
Annual advances of traditional medicine toxicity in 2018LucyPi1
Abstract There were many researches concerning toxicology of traditional medicine (TM) and active natural products during the past 12 months. This annual toxicology review summarized different analysis methods of toxicology research, common evaluated models, toxic target organs, toxic mechanisms, and popular research issues and herbs in 2018. The emphasis was on hepatorenal toxicity induced by TM through cell apoptosis, metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, liver and renal fibrosis and even inducing carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, traditional herbs were listed in this review. Taken together, the herbs mentioned in this paper should be used with caution. Combination of TM, processing drugs, quality control and dose control can be used in the prevention of TM toxicology in the future.
A perspective on dietary phytochemicals and cancerMonirg
This document discusses the role of oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals in cancer prevention. It describes how oxidative stress causes an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses, potentially leading to DNA damage and cancer. The transcription factor Nrf2 plays a key role in activating antioxidant and detoxification genes. Many dietary phytochemicals have been shown to activate the Nrf2 pathway and protect against cancer by reducing oxidative stress. In addition, some phytochemicals can modify gene expression epigenetically by altering DNA methylation and histone modifications, including reactivating the Nrf2 pathway. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop new strategies for cancer prevention using phytochemicals.
Environment inside even a small tumor is characterized by total (anoxia) or partial oxygen deprivation, hypoxia. It has been shown that radiotherapy and some conventional chemotherapies may be less effective in hypoxia, and therefore it is important to investigate how different drugs act in different microenvironments. In this study we perform a large screening of the effects of 19 clinically used or experimental chemotherapeutic drugs on four different cell lines in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia.
Biological responses to tumor hypoxia & their potential as therapeutic targetsMAASTRO clinic
Lecture by Dr. Brad Wouters in the context of the Course: "Tumour Hypoxia: From Biology to Therapy III".
For the complete e-Course see http://www.myhaikuclass.com/MaastroClinic/metoxia
This document contains 10 references related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). SJS is a severe skin reaction that is often caused by certain medications. Some key points discussed across the references include: carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are antiepileptic drugs that have been associated with SJS; genetic factors may play a role in individual susceptibility to developing idiosyncratic drug reactions like SJS; and direct interaction between certain medications and HLA proteins in the skin can activate immune cells and cause SJS.
The document discusses the history and importance of pharmacogenetics in understanding variability in individual drug response and toxicity. It describes the role of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes like CYP450 and how this impacts drug clearance and effects. While data on genetic variability is growing, well-designed clinical trials are still needed to validate pharmacogenetic approaches and address the challenges of predicting drug metabolism and response based on genetics. Understanding these factors can help optimize drug therapy and dosing for individual patients.
Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Linked Amide Derivatives of Pteridone: Synthesis and ...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
Cancer is a second leading cause of death after heart attack, in developing as well as undeveloped
countries. It is caused by unregulated growth and metastasis of the abnormal cancer cells.
Cancer can be cured by radiation, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, among them; chemotherapy is a
good treatment for cancer, in which chemotherapeutic drug is used. The anticancer activity of newly
synthesized compounds (13a-j) was carried out on four different types of human cancer cell lines like
MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung), Colo-205 (colon) and A2780 (ovarian) by the MTT method, and compared
to etoposide used as a positive control. Among them, compound 13g with electron-withdrawing
(3,5-dinitro) group, exhibited more promising activity in all cell lines (MCF-7 = 0.10±0.076 μM, A549
= 0.17±0.039 μM, Colo-205= 0.13±0.022 μM and A2780 = 0.87±0.027μM). This compound may act
as lead drug in cancer chemotherapy. In future, this compound can be examined for clinical studies.
The document discusses the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It notes that various factors like bacterial/viral infections, autoimmune reactions, and urinary reflux can stimulate an inflammatory reaction in the prostate, characterized by growth factors and cell proliferation. This inflammatory process is self-perpetuating and creates a vicious cycle. Available clinical data indicates chronic prostatic inflammation is prevalent in BPH patients and correlated with increased lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate volume as well as risk of urinary retention. The document examines exploring new pharmacological strategies by considering the immunological aspects of BPH progression.
Toxicogenomics is a field that combines genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics with toxicology to understand how the genome responds to environmental stressors and toxicants. It aims to understand the relationship between environmental toxins and disease, identify biomarkers of exposure and toxicity, and elucidate molecular toxicity mechanisms. While it provides useful databases of environmental and genomic data, toxicogenomics analysis faces challenges in integrating different types of large datasets and linking "omics" data to specific health effects.
This document describes research into developing new treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by inhibiting mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-dependent protein aggregation. Researchers identified pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione (PYT) derivatives as promising compounds through high-throughput screening. Structure-activity relationship studies led to the optimization of PYT analogs, with certain modifications showing improved potency and properties. The most potent analogs contained electron-withdrawing groups and an aromatic ring at the R3 position. X-ray crystallography revealed the PYT core adopts a flat, benzene-like conformation that may contribute to biological activity. Overall, PYTs represent
The document describes the history of collaboration between Mayo Clinic and Karolinska Institutet, a medical university in Sweden, dating back to 1914. It details visits and partnerships between physicians and researchers at the two institutions over the decades that have led to collaborative research projects, publications, and opportunities for travel between the US and Sweden. By 2014, annual research symposia had expanded beyond diabetes and metabolism to include many other areas. The relationship provides funding through competitive grants and travel awards to support collaborative projects and enable researchers to visit each other's institutions. Several examples of funded projects spanning 2013-2014 are described covering areas such as neurodegeneration, cancer, regenerative medicine and more.
Our case describes an unusual presentation of dermatomyositis
in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. Th e eruption appeared as a venous stasis like dermatitis. Th e temporal sequence of onset after chemotherapy administration suggested a possible drug-induced process. However, in the context of underlying ovarian carcinoma, a paraneoplastic process offered an alternative explanation for
dermatomyositis.
This document discusses cancer and chemotherapy. It defines cancer as uncontrolled cell growth and describes its characteristics. Cancer treatment may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations. Chemotherapy uses chemical agents to kill cancer cells and can be used as adjuvant therapy after other treatments or as neo-adjuvant therapy before the main treatment. The document then describes the cell cycle, principles of chemotherapy including drug mechanisms and scheduling, problems like resistance and toxicities, and examples of different classes of chemotherapeutic agents including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, microtubule inhibitors, antibiotics, hormonal agents, and monoclonal antibodies.
Similar to Endogenous toxicology luisetto m almukthar n behzad nili a gamal abdul hamid et al 2019 clinical pathology and research journal medwin,#oncology,#cancer,#toxicology, INDEXED BY SCILIT, #researchgate
This document provides an overview of a book titled "Endogenous Toxicology" which discusses various diseases from an endogenous toxicological perspective. It explores how certain diseases may be caused or related to toxic substances produced internally through metabolism and discusses potential new therapeutic strategies. Several examples of diseases are described in detail, including some cancers, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular/metabolic conditions. The authors analyze literature to understand pathological phenomena from an endogenous toxicological viewpoint and experimental studies are proposed to further test hypotheses regarding local endogenous environmental effects on disease progression.
This document summarizes research on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including its pathogenesis, genetic factors, and potential new treatment strategies. It discusses how ALS results from damage to motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord from a combination of increased toxicity from substances like glutamate, calcium ions, and protein aggregates as well as weaknesses in the motor neuron system from genetic mutations and deficits in neurotrophic factors. While the cause is still unclear, various studies suggest roles for inflammation, immune responses, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and dysregulation of autophagy and microRNAs. The document reviews several studies examining these pathways and their implications for understanding ALS and identifying new therapeutic targets. It also proposes experimental models to
1) ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to muscle paralysis. It was first described in 1874 but its pathogenesis remains unclear.
2) ALS may be caused by both increased toxicity from substances like RNA proteins and weakness of the motor neuron system. Genetic mutations and environmental toxins are also implicated in some cases.
3) The document proposes new experimental and drug delivery approaches to better understand disease mechanisms and improve treatment of ALS.
This document summarizes research on the immunological and toxicological implications of COVID-19, focusing on the innate immune response and immune evasion. It discusses how the virus can trigger a "cytokine storm" through overactivation of the innate immune system and proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6. This storm can lead to widespread inflammation and multi-organ failure. The document also explores potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the cytokine response, such as using corticosteroids or chloroquine to reduce IL-6 levels and calm the storm. Understanding the immune dysregulation and identifying key signaling pathways may help develop new clinical management approaches and prevent progression to severe illness.
Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases.pptxDipsikhaAryal
Molecular epidemiology refers to the incorporation of molecular and biological data into epidemiological research. It aims to open the "black box" between exposure and disease by examining intermediate events. This presentation discusses the concept of molecular epidemiology, its uses in studying disease causation and biomarkers. Special study designs like nested case-control are used. Molecular epidemiology can help public health by providing more accurate understanding of disease mechanisms for prevention recommendations. It represents an opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration to better understand chronic diseases.
1) The document proposes new pharmacological strategies for some heart diseases using a toxicological approach and new delivery systems. It reviews literature on topics like kinetics, metabolism, toxicity, and autonomic control that could provide insights into pathologies.
2) The author suggests that a toxicological perspective considering local metabolic/catabolic processes over time could help understand some conditions. New tests stressing cardiac metabolism in different conditions may help diseases like heart attacks and failure.
3) Combining drugs with delivery systems like stents could help treatments act in the right sites and reduce side effects, as seen in some current therapies. Further clinical trials are needed to validate potential new strategies.
This document discusses potential new pharmacological strategies for some metabolic and endocrine disorders based on a toxicological approach. It reviews literature showing how factors like kinetics, gradients, toxicity, membrane function, and autonomic control are involved in various conditions and could be further explored. New delivery methods and combining drugs with other instruments may help treatments act more effectively with fewer side effects. While current drug associations are used, their efficacy could be improved. A toxicological perspective considering time-related endogenous toxicity and cellular effects may provide new insights into pathological processes and better verify treatment approaches.
This document summarizes new pharmacological strategies for treating some heart diseases from a toxicological perspective. It reviews literature on using new diagnostic tests to assess cardiac metabolism under stress, considering local heart toxicity over time, and delivering drugs using new delivery systems. It concludes that considering kinetics, metabolism, toxicity over time, and new diagnostic and delivery methods could provide new approaches for certain cardiovascular conditions.
The document proposes applying toxicology approaches to better understand some neurobiological phenomena. It suggests that local microenvironments and the timing of immune system influences could play a role in certain brain pathologies. Specifically, it hypothesizes that immune system imbalances or shocks during critical periods of growth and development could impact neuronal connectivity and apoptosis, potentially leading to conditions like autism. The author argues that considering intra-cellular toxicology factors over time may provide new insights into the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
The document discusses the relationship between the immune system and brain conditions from a toxicological perspective. It summarizes several studies that found:
1) The immune system plays an important role in brain development and any immune activation during development can affect later neural function, immune function, mood and cognition.
2) A drug called fingolimod that modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, reducing lymphocyte migration from lymph nodes, significantly reduced relapse rates and disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients compared to placebo.
3) Systemic immune status can influence local brain tissue conditions, and this effect could be considered a type of toxicological effect worth further investigation to better understand disease pathogenesis and develop new pharmacological
This document discusses the need for new approaches in pharmacology research to improve treatment outcomes for various diseases. It suggests exploring endogenous archeological science and endogenous toxicology to develop new therapeutic strategies. These new approaches may help treat neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, infections, and other conditions more effectively by considering environmental and social factors. The document also notes the high costs of healthcare and need for more affordable treatments, especially in developing countries. New areas of research like nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and cellular-level therapies may lead to less toxic drugs that can better target disease pathways.
This document summarizes a research article about topography in cancer science. It discusses how the location and distribution of cancers within organs and body systems can provide insights into pathogenic processes and risk factors. The topography of cancers may be influenced by local environmental and pathological conditions. Studying the topography of cancers can help researchers better understand differences in cancer types, risk based on geographic location, and why cancers may preferentially start in specific areas within organs even when exposed to the same toxic factors. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to study cancer topography along with epidemiology, local conditions, and time-related pathological and toxicological processes.
This document provides an overview of graduate studies in pharmacology. It describes pharmacology as the study of drug action on biological systems, including pharmacodynamics which examines the molecular effects of drugs and pharmacokinetics which deals with how the body processes drugs. The document outlines various areas of specialization within pharmacology like neuropharmacology, cardiovascular pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, and biochemical pharmacology. It promotes pharmacology as a challenging and rewarding scientific career for highly motivated students interested in drug development and understanding disease processes.
This document summarizes a research article about topography in cancer science. It discusses how the location and distribution of cancers within organs and body systems can provide insights into pathogenic processes and risk factors. The topography of cancers may be influenced by local toxic exposures and conditions. Studying the topography of cancers alongside epidemiological data and known risk factors can help researchers better understand cancer development and pathogenesis. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to analyze how both exogenous and endogenous toxic exposures over time may contribute to the development of cancers in specific local areas.
This document provides an overview of biomolecules and the human genome project. It discusses the major causes of disease, including physical, chemical, biological, genetic, and nutritional factors. The human genome project mapped over 90% of the human genome, identifying approximately 75,000 genes. Proteomics studies protein interactions, though only 1% of protein structures have been determined. Predictions for the future of medicine over the next 40 years include widespread genetic testing and screening, gene therapies for many conditions, and personalized medicine based on genomic data.
This document summarizes research on the kuru disease and its relationship to the immune system and brain. Kuru is a prion disease transmitted among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea through ritualistic cannibalism. It provides insights into how prions may travel from the gastrointestinal system to the brain. The disease progression from ingestion to symptoms suggests a role for the immune system in transmitting prions from the periphery to the central nervous system. Studying kuru's transmission pathway could help understand similar mechanisms in other neurodegenerative diseases and provide new therapeutic strategies.
The document discusses the relationship between the immune system and the brain in the context of KURU disease. KURU is transmitted orally through cannibalistic rituals, and there is a slow progression from ingestion to symptoms. The innate immune system plays a role in transmitting prions from the gastrointestinal system to the brain. Studying KURU can provide insights into immune-brain interactions and the progression of prion diseases that could help develop new treatment strategies for other neurodegenerative diseases also involving innate immunity.
EuroBioForum 2013 - Day 1 | Sergey SuchkovEuroBioForum
EuroBioForum 2013 2nd Annual Conference
27-28 May 2013 - Hilton Munich City, Munich, Germany
http://www.eurobioforum.eu/2013
=======================================
# NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES #
Russia:
Introduction into PPPM as a new paradigm of public health care service and an example of the ready-to-use Clinical Model in the Area of Medicine
Sergey Suchkov
Professor in Medicine and Immunology at Moscow State Medical & Dental University & I.M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy
=======================================
http://www.eurobioforum.eu
This paper discusses new pharmacological strategies for heart disease from a toxicological point of view. It reviews literature on topics like the role of kinetics and gradients in heart metabolism and toxicity. It proposes considering some cardiovascular conditions as forms of chronic endogenous poisoning. The paper suggests that a toxicological approach using new delivery systems and diagnostic strategies could provide insights into mechanisms of toxic action and lead to new research hypotheses and pharmacological treatments.
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Endogenous toxicology luisetto m almukthar n behzad nili a gamal abdul hamid et al 2019 clinical pathology and research journal medwin,#oncology,#cancer,#toxicology, INDEXED BY SCILIT, #researchgate
1. Clinical Pathology & Research Journal
Endogenus Toxicology: Modern Physio- Pathological Aspects and Relationship with
New Therapeutic Strategies. An Integrative Discipline Incorporating Concepts from
Different Research Discipline Like Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Clin Pathol
Endogenus Toxicology: Modern Physio- Pathological Aspects and
Relationship with New Therapeutic Strategies. An Integrative
Discipline Incorporating Concepts from Different Research Discipline
Like Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Luisetto M1*, Naseer Almukhtar2, Behzad Nili Ahmadabadi3, Gamal
Abdul Hamid4, Ghulam Rasool Mashori5, Kausar Rehman Khan6,
Farhan Ahmad Khan7 and Luca Cabianca8
1 Department Applied pharmacologist, European Specialist Lab Medicine,
Independent Researcher, Italy
2professor, University of Babylon, Iraq
3Nano Drug Delivery (a product development firm), USA
4Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Aden, Yemen
5Department of Medical & Health Sciences, Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Woman, Pakistan
6Preston University, Karachi, Pakistan
7Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, India
8Department of Biomedical, Biomedical Laboratory, Italy
*Corresponding author: Mauro Luisetto, Applied Pharmacologist, European Specialist Lab Medicine, Independent
Researcher, Italy, Email: maurolu65@gmail.com
Abstract
Many pathologic diseases can be considered as related to an Endogenous toxicological movens and in time dependent
way. In this work starting from the analisys of relevant literature involved with different disease and related to the
endogenous local micro- environment some global conclusion useful as new tools for innovative pharmacological
strategies will be submitted to the researcher. Physiology, pathology concept linked to the endogenous toxicological local
micro-environment as new research instruments. The same carcinogenesis process can be related also to endogenous
agents that may have a major contribution in spontaneously process. (reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved
in multiple cellular processes by physiologically transporting signal as a second messenger or pathologically oxidizing
DNA, lipids, and proteins).
Keywords: Endogenous Toxicology; Physiology; Pharmacological Strategies; New Pathogenetic Theories Cancer;
Metastasys
Research Article
Volume 3 Issue 1
Received Date: December 20, 2018
Published Date: January 16, 2019