This document discusses endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their effects. It notes that EDCs can interfere with the endocrine system in several ways, such as mimicking hormones, blocking hormone receptors, and altering hormone production or breakdown. Specific EDCs like bisphenol A, DDT, and PCBs are mentioned. The document also discusses effects of thyroid hormone disruption by pollutants like perchlorate, PCBs, and BPA, which can impact neurodevelopment and increase cancer risk. In summary, the document outlines how EDCs can disrupt the endocrine system through various mechanisms and notes some health impacts.
Environmental pollutants as endocrine disruptorsMaryam Hameed
1. Environmental pollutants like pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins can disrupt the endocrine system and impact human health and development.
2. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been linked to adverse reproductive effects, lower IQ, and some cancers like breast cancer.
3. Common sources of exposure include food, plastic, and chemical byproducts in the environment. Reducing use of synthetic chemicals and choosing organic whole foods can help lower exposure.
Environmental pollutants as thyroid disruptorsNida Sajjad
This document discusses how environmental pollutants can disrupt the thyroid system by interfering with thyroid hormone function and signaling pathways. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development, metabolism, and adult physiology. Pollutants like perchlorate, PCBs, and BPA can mimic or interfere with thyroid hormones in ways that affect hormone production, transport, and activity. This disruption of the thyroid system can lead to abnormalities like neurodevelopmental issues, goiter, hypothyroidism, and potentially thyroid cancer over the long term. Specific pollutants like perchlorate and PCBs are highlighted for their thyroid disrupting characteristics and health effects.
What are Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)?
What products contain endocrine disruptors?
How do endocrine disruptors work?(its Mechanisms of Action).
How are people exposed to endocrine disruptors?
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their heath effects.
Pesticides:( DDT),human health consequences of exposure to DDT,and its scientific evidence and examples.
Steps to reduce exposure to endocrine disruptors
The document discusses endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system. It defines EDCs as exogenous agents that interfere with natural hormones in the body. Some key points made in the document include that humans are exposed to thousands of chemicals through various sources like food, water, and products; EDCs can disrupt the reproductive system and development through various mechanisms of action; and examples of hazardous EDCs that affect the female reproductive system are given like DES, PCBs, and pesticides.
The document discusses the principles of endocrinology, including the study of glands and hormones, their functional roles, and feedback mechanisms. It describes the major classes of hormones, hormone and receptor families, hormone synthesis and action, and pathologic mechanisms of endocrine disease such as hormone excess, deficiency, and resistance.
This document discusses teratogens and endocrine disruptors. It defines teratogens as agents that can permanently alter development, giving examples like thalidomide and rubella virus. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with hormone signaling and include many pesticides, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. These chemicals are linked to developmental abnormalities, reproductive issues, cancer risks, and other health impacts due to their effects on hormone receptors and hormone levels during development. While natural hormones have always been present, the abundance of synthetic endocrine disruptors is posing new challenges to human health and physiology.
Who this is for: Health professionals.
Description: Dr. Sheila Bushkin-Bedient will be speaking on the prenatal origins of disease and why we should be focusing on studying possible connections between unconventional natural gas extraction and diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
About the Speaker: Sheila Bushkin is a member of the Institute of Health and the Environment at the State University at Albany, and Concerned Health Professionals of New York. She has been a member of the Medical Society of the State of New York for 15 years. Her specific areas of interest involve environmental health issues, chronic diseases, health concerns of older adults, and CME for physicians.
Environmental pollutants as endocrine disruptorsMaryam Hameed
1. Environmental pollutants like pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins can disrupt the endocrine system and impact human health and development.
2. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been linked to adverse reproductive effects, lower IQ, and some cancers like breast cancer.
3. Common sources of exposure include food, plastic, and chemical byproducts in the environment. Reducing use of synthetic chemicals and choosing organic whole foods can help lower exposure.
Environmental pollutants as thyroid disruptorsNida Sajjad
This document discusses how environmental pollutants can disrupt the thyroid system by interfering with thyroid hormone function and signaling pathways. Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development, metabolism, and adult physiology. Pollutants like perchlorate, PCBs, and BPA can mimic or interfere with thyroid hormones in ways that affect hormone production, transport, and activity. This disruption of the thyroid system can lead to abnormalities like neurodevelopmental issues, goiter, hypothyroidism, and potentially thyroid cancer over the long term. Specific pollutants like perchlorate and PCBs are highlighted for their thyroid disrupting characteristics and health effects.
What are Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)?
What products contain endocrine disruptors?
How do endocrine disruptors work?(its Mechanisms of Action).
How are people exposed to endocrine disruptors?
Endocrine disrupting chemicals and their heath effects.
Pesticides:( DDT),human health consequences of exposure to DDT,and its scientific evidence and examples.
Steps to reduce exposure to endocrine disruptors
The document discusses endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system. It defines EDCs as exogenous agents that interfere with natural hormones in the body. Some key points made in the document include that humans are exposed to thousands of chemicals through various sources like food, water, and products; EDCs can disrupt the reproductive system and development through various mechanisms of action; and examples of hazardous EDCs that affect the female reproductive system are given like DES, PCBs, and pesticides.
The document discusses the principles of endocrinology, including the study of glands and hormones, their functional roles, and feedback mechanisms. It describes the major classes of hormones, hormone and receptor families, hormone synthesis and action, and pathologic mechanisms of endocrine disease such as hormone excess, deficiency, and resistance.
This document discusses teratogens and endocrine disruptors. It defines teratogens as agents that can permanently alter development, giving examples like thalidomide and rubella virus. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with hormone signaling and include many pesticides, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. These chemicals are linked to developmental abnormalities, reproductive issues, cancer risks, and other health impacts due to their effects on hormone receptors and hormone levels during development. While natural hormones have always been present, the abundance of synthetic endocrine disruptors is posing new challenges to human health and physiology.
Who this is for: Health professionals.
Description: Dr. Sheila Bushkin-Bedient will be speaking on the prenatal origins of disease and why we should be focusing on studying possible connections between unconventional natural gas extraction and diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
About the Speaker: Sheila Bushkin is a member of the Institute of Health and the Environment at the State University at Albany, and Concerned Health Professionals of New York. She has been a member of the Medical Society of the State of New York for 15 years. Her specific areas of interest involve environmental health issues, chronic diseases, health concerns of older adults, and CME for physicians.
Thyroid and Adrenal Gland Function Determine many aspects of health, wellness and overall energy. If there is a miscommunication between these and other glands, it can lead to interferences in health, such as weight gain, infertility, digestive disorders and mood disorders. The Natural Nurse, Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN explains the basic function and feedback mechanisms involved in gland communication, along with Natural Remedy Support.
Chemicals called endocrine disruptors can interfere with the body's hormone system and have harmful health effects. Some key points:
- Endocrine disruptors are mostly man-made chemicals found in pesticides, plastics, metals, and personal care products.
- Exposure can occur through food, water, air, and skin contact. Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable.
- Effects include reproductive issues, increased cancer risk, obesity, diabetes, and neurological or cardiovascular impacts. Some effects may not be seen for years or across generations.
- Common disruptors include bisphenol A, dioxins, phthalates, and flame retardants. They can impact hormone synthesis, male
Hormones communicate between cells over short and long distances by binding to specific receptors. There are several types of hormones including peptides, steroids, catecholamines, and prostaglandins. Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors and activate intracellular secondary messengers. Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors and directly influence gene expression. Hormone receptors transmit signals via secondary messengers, trafficking enzymes, and changes in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis to produce cellular responses. Hormone antagonists can block hormone action and are used therapeutically.
This document discusses thyroid health and the relationship between the thyroid, adrenals, and other systems. It provides statistics on hypothyroidism and discusses various causes and risk factors. Symptoms of hypo- and hyperthyroidism are outlined. The importance of the thyroid-adrenal axis is explained. Treatment options focus on diet, lifestyle factors, and addressing the root causes of thyroid issues.
Animal Hormones And Behavior (Zoology).pdfAbdullah Khan
The document discusses hormones and their effects on behavior. It defines hormones as chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and affect growth, metabolism, and other processes. There are two main classes of motivated behaviors - regulatory behaviors controlled by homeostasis and non-regulatory behaviors like sexual behavior that are not. Sex hormones have both organizational effects during development that shape the brain and activation effects in adulthood that influence behaviors like sexual motivation. Pheromones are similar to hormones but work outside the body to induce responses in other individuals.
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
This document summarizes anti-thyroid drugs. It discusses how the thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate metabolism and how anti-thyroid drugs work to inhibit hormone synthesis, release, or action. The major anti-thyroid drugs are carbimazole, methimazole, and propylthiouracil, which inhibit hormone synthesis. Iodide salts inhibit hormone release. Radioactive iodine-131 is also used to treat hyperthyroidism. These drugs are used to control hyperthyroidism in preparation for treatment or remission. Common side effects include rashes, swollen glands, and metallic taste.
Role of hormones in periodontal health and diseaseCh Nirupama
This document discusses the role of hormones on the periodontium. It begins by classifying hormones into central and peripheral endocrine glands. The central glands discussed are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Peripheral glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas. The effects of specific hormones like growth hormone, thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormone and adrenal hormones on the periodontium are then examined. Studies show some hormones like growth hormone and intermittent PTH may protect against periodontal bone loss, while others like hyperparathyroidism are associated with increased tooth loss and bone destruction.
This document discusses thyroid disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease. It covers the physiology of the thyroid gland and hormone synthesis and metabolism. It explores potential mechanisms linking thyroid and kidney dysfunction, such as iodine retention in CKD potentially causing thyroid issues. It also discusses how kidney disease and thyroid dysfunction may each increase the risk of problems in the other organ system, such as hypothyroidism potentially causing reduced kidney function through decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction. The document reviews abnormalities seen on thyroid tests in kidney disease patients and treatment approaches.
The document discusses the pharmacology of the endocrine system. It begins by introducing hormones and how they regulate metabolic processes more slowly than the autonomic nervous system. It then discusses specific endocrine glands and hormones. A large portion focuses on the thyroid gland, its hormones, and drugs used to treat thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These include thyroid hormone preparations, iodides, thionamides, radioactive iodine, and more. The document provides details on the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects of drugs related to the thyroid and endocrine system.
The active principles of the endocrine glands are called hormones.
Hormones are specific chemical substances discharged directly into the blood.
The blood distributes the hormones through out the body.
immune system is the body’s tool for preventing or limiting infection. Its complex network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues enable the immune system to defend the body from pathogens.
A fully functional immune system can distinguish healthy tissue from unwanted substances. If it detects an unwanted substance, it will mount an immune response — a complex attack to protect the body from invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It also recognizes and removes dead and faulty cells.
The immune system does not always get it right, however. Sometimes, for instance, it is unable to fight effectively because a person has a health condition or needs certain medications that affect how the system works.
In autoimmune diseases and allergies, the immune system mistakenly perceives healthy tissue as unhealthy and launches an unnecessary attack, leading to uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous symptoms.
This article will look at some of the main features of the immune system and how they defend the body from pathogens and other invaders. It will also look at problems that can arise with the immune system.
The document discusses endocrine disruptors and their effects. It defines endocrine disruptors as exogenous agents that interfere with the body's hormone systems and regulation of development. Common sources are personal care products containing phthalates, pesticides, and synthetic and natural hormones. Exposure can affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as humans. Effects in humans include reproductive issues, neurological and immune impacts, and increased cancer risks, especially when exposure occurs during development. Low doses may still have measurable effects, and sensitive periods of exposure can permanently alter endocrine system function. Preventive measures include reducing use of certain products and chemicals.
This document provides an overview of endocrinology presented by Kenneth Campbell at Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi from April 12-16, 2004. It defines endocrinology as intercellular chemical communication and discusses endocrine systems, hormones, receptors, transducers, effectors, and feedback systems. It also summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex, growth hormone, pancreas, gonads, prolactin, and calcium homeostasis.
- PCOS was first identified in 1935 and described women who were obese, infertile with enlarged ovaries containing multiple cysts.
- The etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS involves an abnormal "vicious cycle" of excess LH and low FSH secretion leading to hyperandrogenism which disrupts follicle maturation. Insulin resistance also contributes to elevated insulin levels.
- Symptoms of PCOS include irregular or lack of menstruation, hirsutism, weight problems, acne, hair loss, and skin discoloration. Diagnosis involves evaluating hormone levels, ultrasound of ovaries, and ruling out other conditions.
- Treatment aims to induce ovulation if pregnancy is desired using medications
This document provides an overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and discusses their potential impacts and regulation. It notes that EDCs can interfere with hormone systems and cause adverse health effects. Sources of EDCs include agricultural and industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods and food/beverage packaging. Regulation of EDCs differs globally. The insurance industry may face increased liability exposures from bodily injury claims related to chronic low-dose EDC exposure given evidence of their environmental persistence and ability to cause long-term health impacts even at low levels. Overall the paper aims to increase awareness of EDCs as an emerging risk that requires monitoring and risk mitigation strategies across industries.
Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken at the same time. The affected drug is called the object drug, while the interacting drug is the precipitant. Drug interactions include interactions between different drugs, between drugs and food, drugs and chemicals, and drugs with laboratory tests. The effects of interactions are usually quantitative, changing the level of effect, and sometimes qualitative, changing the speed or type of effect. Interactions can increase adverse effects or decrease drug efficacy. Tissue binding of drugs in organs like the liver, lungs and kidneys can increase their volume of distribution and biological half-life. Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug transporters like P-glycoprotein are also sites of
Disorders in degradation of hormones by the kidney can lead to endocrine defects. The kidneys normally metabolize and degrade peptide hormones through intratubular and intracellular breakdown. In kidney failure, reductions in renal mass and metabolic clearance can increase circulating hormone concentrations. Alterations can also occur in the relation between active and inactive hormone fragments. Kidney failure can also decrease hormone production and levels of hormones made by the kidneys. Disorders of hormone action can include changes in hormone binding to plasma proteins, disturbed activation of prohormones, and alterations in target tissue sensitivity.
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. It is located in the neck and has a butterfly shape. The thyroid secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which increase metabolic rate. Iodine is necessary for hormone production - it is absorbed into thyroid cells and combined with tyrosine to form the hormones. The hormones increase processes like carbohydrate metabolism, basal metabolic rate, respiration, and muscle function when secreted. Thyroid secretion is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Thyroid and Adrenal Gland Function Determine many aspects of health, wellness and overall energy. If there is a miscommunication between these and other glands, it can lead to interferences in health, such as weight gain, infertility, digestive disorders and mood disorders. The Natural Nurse, Ellen Kamhi, PhD RN explains the basic function and feedback mechanisms involved in gland communication, along with Natural Remedy Support.
Chemicals called endocrine disruptors can interfere with the body's hormone system and have harmful health effects. Some key points:
- Endocrine disruptors are mostly man-made chemicals found in pesticides, plastics, metals, and personal care products.
- Exposure can occur through food, water, air, and skin contact. Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable.
- Effects include reproductive issues, increased cancer risk, obesity, diabetes, and neurological or cardiovascular impacts. Some effects may not be seen for years or across generations.
- Common disruptors include bisphenol A, dioxins, phthalates, and flame retardants. They can impact hormone synthesis, male
Hormones communicate between cells over short and long distances by binding to specific receptors. There are several types of hormones including peptides, steroids, catecholamines, and prostaglandins. Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors and activate intracellular secondary messengers. Steroid and thyroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors and directly influence gene expression. Hormone receptors transmit signals via secondary messengers, trafficking enzymes, and changes in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis to produce cellular responses. Hormone antagonists can block hormone action and are used therapeutically.
This document discusses thyroid health and the relationship between the thyroid, adrenals, and other systems. It provides statistics on hypothyroidism and discusses various causes and risk factors. Symptoms of hypo- and hyperthyroidism are outlined. The importance of the thyroid-adrenal axis is explained. Treatment options focus on diet, lifestyle factors, and addressing the root causes of thyroid issues.
Animal Hormones And Behavior (Zoology).pdfAbdullah Khan
The document discusses hormones and their effects on behavior. It defines hormones as chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and affect growth, metabolism, and other processes. There are two main classes of motivated behaviors - regulatory behaviors controlled by homeostasis and non-regulatory behaviors like sexual behavior that are not. Sex hormones have both organizational effects during development that shape the brain and activation effects in adulthood that influence behaviors like sexual motivation. Pheromones are similar to hormones but work outside the body to induce responses in other individuals.
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine system, including:
1) It coordinates slower responses to stimuli compared to the nervous system and regulates growth and homeostasis.
2) Hormones can be protein or steroid based, with different solubility and receptor interaction properties.
3) Feedback loops, second messengers, glands, and hormone interactions are described, highlighting control of processes like metabolism and development.
4) The hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid glands interact in regulatory pathways, while other glands like the pancreas and gonads produce hormones controlling functions like blood sugar and sexual development.
This document summarizes anti-thyroid drugs. It discusses how the thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate metabolism and how anti-thyroid drugs work to inhibit hormone synthesis, release, or action. The major anti-thyroid drugs are carbimazole, methimazole, and propylthiouracil, which inhibit hormone synthesis. Iodide salts inhibit hormone release. Radioactive iodine-131 is also used to treat hyperthyroidism. These drugs are used to control hyperthyroidism in preparation for treatment or remission. Common side effects include rashes, swollen glands, and metallic taste.
Role of hormones in periodontal health and diseaseCh Nirupama
This document discusses the role of hormones on the periodontium. It begins by classifying hormones into central and peripheral endocrine glands. The central glands discussed are the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Peripheral glands include the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreas. The effects of specific hormones like growth hormone, thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormone and adrenal hormones on the periodontium are then examined. Studies show some hormones like growth hormone and intermittent PTH may protect against periodontal bone loss, while others like hyperparathyroidism are associated with increased tooth loss and bone destruction.
This document discusses thyroid disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease. It covers the physiology of the thyroid gland and hormone synthesis and metabolism. It explores potential mechanisms linking thyroid and kidney dysfunction, such as iodine retention in CKD potentially causing thyroid issues. It also discusses how kidney disease and thyroid dysfunction may each increase the risk of problems in the other organ system, such as hypothyroidism potentially causing reduced kidney function through decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction. The document reviews abnormalities seen on thyroid tests in kidney disease patients and treatment approaches.
The document discusses the pharmacology of the endocrine system. It begins by introducing hormones and how they regulate metabolic processes more slowly than the autonomic nervous system. It then discusses specific endocrine glands and hormones. A large portion focuses on the thyroid gland, its hormones, and drugs used to treat thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. These include thyroid hormone preparations, iodides, thionamides, radioactive iodine, and more. The document provides details on the mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects of drugs related to the thyroid and endocrine system.
The active principles of the endocrine glands are called hormones.
Hormones are specific chemical substances discharged directly into the blood.
The blood distributes the hormones through out the body.
immune system is the body’s tool for preventing or limiting infection. Its complex network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues enable the immune system to defend the body from pathogens.
A fully functional immune system can distinguish healthy tissue from unwanted substances. If it detects an unwanted substance, it will mount an immune response — a complex attack to protect the body from invaders like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It also recognizes and removes dead and faulty cells.
The immune system does not always get it right, however. Sometimes, for instance, it is unable to fight effectively because a person has a health condition or needs certain medications that affect how the system works.
In autoimmune diseases and allergies, the immune system mistakenly perceives healthy tissue as unhealthy and launches an unnecessary attack, leading to uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous symptoms.
This article will look at some of the main features of the immune system and how they defend the body from pathogens and other invaders. It will also look at problems that can arise with the immune system.
The document discusses endocrine disruptors and their effects. It defines endocrine disruptors as exogenous agents that interfere with the body's hormone systems and regulation of development. Common sources are personal care products containing phthalates, pesticides, and synthetic and natural hormones. Exposure can affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as humans. Effects in humans include reproductive issues, neurological and immune impacts, and increased cancer risks, especially when exposure occurs during development. Low doses may still have measurable effects, and sensitive periods of exposure can permanently alter endocrine system function. Preventive measures include reducing use of certain products and chemicals.
This document provides an overview of endocrinology presented by Kenneth Campbell at Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi from April 12-16, 2004. It defines endocrinology as intercellular chemical communication and discusses endocrine systems, hormones, receptors, transducers, effectors, and feedback systems. It also summarizes the major endocrine glands and hormones, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal cortex, growth hormone, pancreas, gonads, prolactin, and calcium homeostasis.
- PCOS was first identified in 1935 and described women who were obese, infertile with enlarged ovaries containing multiple cysts.
- The etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS involves an abnormal "vicious cycle" of excess LH and low FSH secretion leading to hyperandrogenism which disrupts follicle maturation. Insulin resistance also contributes to elevated insulin levels.
- Symptoms of PCOS include irregular or lack of menstruation, hirsutism, weight problems, acne, hair loss, and skin discoloration. Diagnosis involves evaluating hormone levels, ultrasound of ovaries, and ruling out other conditions.
- Treatment aims to induce ovulation if pregnancy is desired using medications
This document provides an overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and discusses their potential impacts and regulation. It notes that EDCs can interfere with hormone systems and cause adverse health effects. Sources of EDCs include agricultural and industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods and food/beverage packaging. Regulation of EDCs differs globally. The insurance industry may face increased liability exposures from bodily injury claims related to chronic low-dose EDC exposure given evidence of their environmental persistence and ability to cause long-term health impacts even at low levels. Overall the paper aims to increase awareness of EDCs as an emerging risk that requires monitoring and risk mitigation strategies across industries.
Drug interactions can occur when one drug alters the pharmacological activity of another drug taken at the same time. The affected drug is called the object drug, while the interacting drug is the precipitant. Drug interactions include interactions between different drugs, between drugs and food, drugs and chemicals, and drugs with laboratory tests. The effects of interactions are usually quantitative, changing the level of effect, and sometimes qualitative, changing the speed or type of effect. Interactions can increase adverse effects or decrease drug efficacy. Tissue binding of drugs in organs like the liver, lungs and kidneys can increase their volume of distribution and biological half-life. Cytochrome P450 enzymes and drug transporters like P-glycoprotein are also sites of
Disorders in degradation of hormones by the kidney can lead to endocrine defects. The kidneys normally metabolize and degrade peptide hormones through intratubular and intracellular breakdown. In kidney failure, reductions in renal mass and metabolic clearance can increase circulating hormone concentrations. Alterations can also occur in the relation between active and inactive hormone fragments. Kidney failure can also decrease hormone production and levels of hormones made by the kidneys. Disorders of hormone action can include changes in hormone binding to plasma proteins, disturbed activation of prohormones, and alterations in target tissue sensitivity.
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. It is located in the neck and has a butterfly shape. The thyroid secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which increase metabolic rate. Iodine is necessary for hormone production - it is absorbed into thyroid cells and combined with tyrosine to form the hormones. The hormones increase processes like carbohydrate metabolism, basal metabolic rate, respiration, and muscle function when secreted. Thyroid secretion is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
2. Any unwanted and undesired substances which
contaminate or deteriorate the quality of air, water and
soil.
These may directly interact with environment after
their indirect production in various ways.
These may be present in gaseous,liquid as well as solid
state.
3. The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and
hormones that regulates many of the body's functions,
including growth, development and maturation, as well as the
way various organs operate.
including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas,
ovaries, and testes
release carefully-measured amounts of hormones into the
bloodstream that act as natural chemical messengers, traveling
to different parts of the body in order to control and adjust
many life functions.
4. An endocrine-disrupting substance is a compound, either
natural or synthetic which through environmental or
inappropriate developmental exposures alters the hormonal
and homeostatic systems that enable the organism to
communicate with and respond to its environment.
The number of substances believed to act as endocrine
disruptors is wide and varied, including both natural and
synthetic materials. Concern arises because potential endocrine
disruptors may be present in the environment at very low
levels but still may be able to cause effects.
5. Endocrine disruptors are found also in synthetic
chemicals used as industrial solvents, lubricants, and
their byproducts. These include polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs),
and dixons.
bisphenol A (BPA) from plastics
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from
pesticides
vinclozolin from fungizides
diethylstilbestrol (DES) from pharmaceutical agents.
Certain metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic,
lead, manganese, and zinc also disrupt endocrine
systems.s
6. They can mimic a natural hormone and lock onto a receptor
with in the cell. The disruptor may give a signal stronger than
the natural hormone, or a signal that occurs at the "wrong"
time.
They can bind to a receptor within a cell and thus prevent
the correct hormone from binding. The normal signal then fails
to occur and the body fails to respond properly.
The disruptors can interfere or block the way natural
hormones and receptors are made or controlled. This
interference or blockage may occur only if relatively large
doses of the substance are present.
7. A direct evidence of human susceptibility was found.
In the 1950s and 1960s pregnant women were prescribed
diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, to prevent
miscarriages
Not only did DES fail to prevent miscarriages, but it also
caused health problems for many of these women's children.
In 1971, doctors began reporting high rates of unusual vaginal
cancers in teenage girls. Investigations of the girls' environmental
exposures traced the problem to their mothers' use of DES. The
girls also suffered birth defects of the uterus and ovaries, and
immune system suppression.
8.
9. During normal conditions, a carrier
protein transports hormones to the
cell wall; there, it binds to a receptor,
and the hormone and receptor
together bind to a specific region of
a cell's DNA to activate particular
genes.
10. EDCs interfere with this normal hormonal
activity in number of ways.
They can amplify the effect of normal
hormones by:
1. Mimicking a hormone by binding to its
receptor.
2. By stimulating the production of more
hormone receptors.
They can weaker the normal hormone
functions by binding to its receptor.
11. They can prevent hormonal action simply
by occupying the appropriate hormone's
site on the receptor.
They can bind to carrier proteins and
reduce the availability of these proteins to
transport hormones .
They can alter the level of endogenous
hormones by accelerating their breakdown
and elimination.
12. Several possible modes of actions have
been cleared up in recent years, most
important of them are mentioned here.
13. “An exogenous agonist is a ligand that
can bind to a receptor like the natural
substrate and “turn it on”.
The potency of an exogenous agonist
depends on:
Its affinity to the receptor
Its ability to turn the receptor on
Concentration of the ligand
14. Well-known examples are:
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Ethinylestradiol
Xenoestrogens
PCBs metabolites
“An antagonist is a ligand that blocks
or diminishes responses provoked by
hormones because the receptor cannot
be activated as usual.”
15. The inhibition of the receptor can be:
Competitive that can lead to total
deactivation of the receptor.
Noncompetitive that can result in reduced
reactions performed by the receptor.
Well known examples are:
linuron
vinclozolin
pharmaceutical tamoxifen
16. Change in conc. of hormones indirectly i.e. by
inhibiting or influencing the specific enzymes.
Examples:
Biosynthesis of estrogens include the
conversion of testosterone to an estrogen
catalyzed by the enzyme aromatase. EDCs can
inhibit this enzyme, leading to higher
testosterone concentrations and to lower
estrogen concentrations.
17. Hormone metabolism can also be
influenced by induction of hormone-
metabolizing enzymes like the cytochrome
P450-group in the liver.
In receptor-mediated processes, both
components, endogenous ligand and
hormone receptor, own a key function.
18. Example
“Down-regulation” of steroid hormones
TCDD is an exogenous agonist for the
arylhydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor. Its
activation can have different influences on
the endocrine system by:
(1) An increased degradation rate of estrogen
receptors
(2) Induction of estradiol metabolizing enzymes
(3) Inhibition of gene expression controlled by
estradiol or growth promoters.
19.
20. Importance of Thyroid
Harmones
Thyroid hormones are essential for:
Normal brain development in fetus.
For the control of metabolism,
For normal adult physiology.
21. Environmental pollutants Interfere with the
normal functioning of thyroid hormone and
produce hazaderous effects on:
development
metabolism
adult physiology
Disturbed Thyroid Harmone signalling
pathways.
22. Structural Similarity with THs:
Several Thyroid Disruptors have high degree of
structural resemblance to the thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3) due to which they get attach
to receptor sites instead of THs.
Interference with regulation:
Many industrial chemicals and pollutants can
interfere with thyroid function by acting on
different points of regulation of thyroid hormone
synthesis, release, transport through the blood,
metabolism of thyroid hormone.
23. Perchlorate
It block uptake of Iodide(form of iodine) in thyroid
cells.As a result T3 and T4 synthesis
decreased.Higher in smoker Women.
PCBs
These are lipophilic in nature and accumulate in
fatty tissues.PCBs inhibit TSH receptors and
decrease production of T3 and T4. It reduce T4
circulation in blood.
Acetochlor(Herbicide)
It enhance hepatic(liver) metabolism results in
increase metabolism of T3 and T4 unneccesarily
24. Pentachlorophenol
T4 transport to target tissues via serum
transport proteins e.g Transthyretin(TTR) but if
pentachlorophenol competitively binds to
serum transport proteins then T4 would not be
transported to target tissue.
Bisphenol A(BPA)
At high temprature BPA leach out of plastics
into food.
25. In Human embryonic kidney cell and
hepatoblastoma cells BPA inhibit T3 binding to
TR .
Isoflavones,
especially those found in soy protein (e.g.,
genistein, coumesterol) cause goiter in Human
infants.
26. Neurodevelopmental toxicity
Goiter and thyroid diseases are associated with
TH disruption.
Hypothyroidism
It results in impaired intellectual development
in childrens or permanent cognitive
deficiencies.
27. Perchlorate is a known competitive inhibitor of
the sodium-iodide in humans and can inhibit
iodide uptake, leading to the suppression of T3
and T4.
Effects
It has been related to lower levels of iodine in
breast milk.As a result of iodine deficiency
neurodevelopmental disorders occur in utero.
28. In an environment with perchlorate exposure
may have a significant effect on thyroid
hormone production particularly in the
environment of dietary iodine insufficiency
29. The concept that PCBs can exert a neurotoxic
effect on the developing brain by causing a
state of relative hypothyroidism.
Polychlorinated biphenyls belong to the class
of organochlorine compounds classified as
persistent organohalogenated pollutants
(POPs)
Disruption Mechanisms:
(1)It reducing the ability of thyroid hormones
to bind to transport proteins in the bloodstream
30. (2)It enhance hepatic metabolism by up-
regulating the sulfotransferases that break
down thyroid hormones in the liver
(3)It inhibit the production of deiodinases that
allow T4 to be converted to T3
(4)it act as either an agonist or antagonist at
the site of the cellular thyroid receptor.
32. The role of TSH in activating growth and
differentiation of follicular cells have shown
that a prolonged disruption of the pituitary-
thyroid axis is linked to thyroid neoplasia. Two
mechanisms involved in the disruption of the
pituitary thyroid axis are chemically-induced
blocking of thyroid peroxidase and inhibition
of T4 deiodinases, which are known to occur
with TD exposure
33. Humans are exposed to thousands of chemicals used in several
anthropogenic processes.
Environmental factors that are under the focus of the scientific
community include organic and chemical solvents, pesticides,
heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other
persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Among environmental pollutants, special concerns have been
raised by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are
hormonally active, synthetic or natural compounds that can
interfere with the normal activity of endocrine system/tissue,
most notably the reproductive endocrine axis.
Human Reproductive Hormone Disruptors
Introduction
34. 1. Adverse reproductive effects have been observed in male
populations, wildlife, and laboratory animals as a
consequence of exposure to hormonally active chemicals.
2. Chemicals could play a role in a number of reproductive
abnormalities in females.
3. Endocrine disrupting chemicals could be contributing to a
population-wide decline in fertility.
4. Exposure to dioxins, toxic byproducts of incineration and
industrial processes, may be associated with fewer male
births.
The hazardous effects
35. 5. Prenatal exposure to some chemicals is associated
with deficits in IQ and memory, neurobehavioral
effects, and delayed neuromuscular development in
children.
Examples:
A. Diethylstilbosterol (DES).
B. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
C. Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB).
D. Chloroform.
E. Dioxins and furans.
F. Pesticides
36. Diethylstilbosterol (DES):
Consider one of the most famous endocrine disruptors.
A synthetic estrogen prescribed to pregnant women in the
1950s and 1960s to prevent miscarriage.
Ultimately, more than 300 cases of CCA(clear cell
endocarcinoma) have been documented in women
exposed in utero to DES.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs):
Uses:
• paints.
• Lubricants
• Plastic water and baby bottles, food and beverage can
linings and dental sealants ate the most commonly
encountered uses of this chemical.
37. 1. The children born to these prenatally exposed
mothers have the following more than unexposed
ones:
1. Sperm with abnormal morphology, reduced
motility, and reduced strength.
2. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
3. Abnormal skin pigmentation.
4. Delayed, developmental milestones.
5. Lower (IQs).
2. Women who had eaten PCB-contaminated fish
before and during pregnancy documented dose-
related delays in development and reductions in
intellect in their infants in the absence of any overt
symptoms.
38. PESTICIDES:
Reproductive effects:
Effects on the reproductive system or on the ability to
produce healthy offspring.
Teratogenic:
Causes birth defects if used it during their
pregnancy.
• The aberrant production of ovarian steroid hormones
(progesterone, estradiol, and androgens) can disrupt normal
folliculogenesis.
• It follows that environmental agents and pathogens that
mimic the actions of ovarian steroids via the activation of
steroid hormone receptors, could disrupt follicle
development and/or ovulation.
Anti-androgenic endocrine disruptors:
Vinclozolin.
DDE.
39. Hazardous effects:
• Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the
vagina and cervix .
• Irregular uterine bleeding.
• Recurrent abortion.
• Intrauterine growth retardation.
• Abnormalities within the reproductive,
cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and immune
systems.
Effects on the ovary and female reproductive function:
40. BREAST CANCER
A review of known risk factors includes the possible
influence of exogenous estrogens and several that are related to
levels of the naturally synthesized estrogen estradiol. Early onset
of menstruation, late menopause, never having given birth and
never having breastfed contribute to the risk by elevating a
woman's lifetime exposure to estradiol.
Another risk factor, being older than 50, probably reflects
older women's long-term exposure to this hormone.
Additionally, the increased odds of the disease that have
been found among women with diets high in animal fat and with
high levels of alcohol consumption may be explained by the fact
that fat tissue can manufacture estrogen, and alcohol can
increase the hormone's production. These are not the only risk
factors for the disease (high-dose exposure to X rays also plays
an important role). Researchers hypothesize that if an excess of
natural estrogen can be harmful, prolonged exposure to man-
made estrogens might pose similar threats.
41.
42. Eat lower on the food chain.
Eat deep-water fish (avoid sword fish, tuna and
shark and all farm raised fish)
In general, substitute natural products for synthetic
products whenever possible.
Eat fresh organic products as meat and milk free from
rBGH (Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone).
Buy products at your local Farmers' Market or join a
buying club.
Use fewer processed, prepackaged foods whenever
possible.
Do not give young children soft plastic toys, since
these leach potential endocrine disrupting chemicals.
Measures to lower the exposure to endocrine disruptors
43. Avoid smoke.
Avoid use chemicals or any pesticides.
Avoid use makeup, hair sprays & coloring
products or nail polish.
Avoid use strong chemicals, glues, paints, nail
polish remover, floor & carpet cleaners.
Avoid heat food or eat hot food in plastic
containers, even the ones frozen dinners now
come in.
Avoid products with hydrogenated, partially
hydrogenated fats.
Avoid stay in places that smell of chemicals.