This document discusses how urban planning can help empower the poor and reduce poverty. It argues that current urban planning practices often exclude the poor and marginalize them. The document proposes several ways to make urban planning more pro-poor, such as earmarking commercial and residential space for the poor, developing skill centers, permitting informal markets, and involving the poor in planning processes. The document stresses that regional planning should also be prioritized to synergize rural and urban development and address poverty across settlements. Empowering the poor through inclusive urban and regional planning can help minimize poverty and make development more equitable.
Empowering Poor by Leveraging Physical PlanninggJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Poverty remains the greatest curse ever perpetuated on humanity and human beings. Majority of growth and developmental ills facing urban settlements have genesis in the existence of poverty. Globally, it is understood that sustainability and poverty remain negatively co-related. Accordingly, promoting sustainability, would require nations to pool their resources , co-operate ,collaborate and come on the common platform for evolving rational and realistic strategies to eradicate poverty.
Global MPI Reports 2019 and 2020, has placed 21.9% of the Indian population as poor, with number of poor pegged at 269.8 million. According to World Poverty Clock in 2021, roughly 6% or 86,799,498 (86.8 million) of the Indian population is living in poverty. Accordingly, in the face of rapid and massive urbanization, challenges of poverty facing India, as a nation remain, both formidable and pronounced .
Role of urban planning in promoting poverty has never been realistically studied, rationally understood and objectively appreciated/ analyzed. Planned development is said to be promoter of universal public good ,focusing on achieving /promoting human living. However, looking objectively at the manner, in which planning as a process is conceptualized and made operational , Urban planning appear to be one of the major players responsible for promoting urban poverty. Majority of urban ills ; including housing shortage, growth of slums, shanti towns, haphazard and unplanned development; appear to have genesis in the manner in which cities are being currently planned, developed and managed
Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development Summit; 19-21 August 2014; African ...Nixon Ganduri
Overally, 70% of the South African poor live in Rural Areas (Government of South Africa 2000); where the most primary school completion is on average more than 20% lower, nearly twice as many children suffer from malnutrition, and maternal mortality rates are twice as high when compared with other countries. Some 5% of rural households report no cash income whatsoever. Despite being rural dwellers, more than one million African households have no access to demarcated arable land. While up to 12 % in South Africa depend on state pensions as their only source of cash income. As much as 26% of rural households entirely depend on remittances from urban centers for their cash income. Severe job losses in several industries are likely to have worsened the situation of late. Superimposed on this is the growing impact of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods. It is I guess an unfortunate reality that in a country like South Africa in which 20% of the population is HIV positive, 25.6% are unemployed, the sustainability of rural livelihoods is still not considered a priority issue as is meant to be by some stakeholders.
Effect of cooperative societies on poverty alleviation among rural farm house...ResearchWap
The broad objective of the study is to access the importance of cooperative societies in alleviating poverty among rural household.
The specific objectives are to;
i. examinethe socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in the study area.
ii. assessthe incidence, depth and severity of poverty among the respondents.
iii. examine the determinants of poverty among the rural households
iv. examinethe influence of cooperative membership on poverty status of rural households.
v. constraint affecting cooperative society in alleviating poverty.
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.docxoreo10
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.
Poverty is a global issue affecting millions of people around the world. It has been the cause of
concern for many people because poverty leads to other dangerous issues that may affect
humanity, human lives and human values. Poverty is prevalent all over the world because of the
poor economic structure of countries, poor resources and also because of illiteracy. The other
reason for poverty is simple laziness of people because they do not want to work, or they may
not have skills to earn money to make a living for themselves. It is a potentially dangerous issue
and it need to be solved.
Poverty matters a lot in today’s world because poverty leads to other issues, such as increase of
crimes, malnourishment in children, early deaths of children, terrorism, social conflicts and
tensions among people. Poverty also can lead to another main issue of homelessness. It matters a
lot for everyone, people who are poor and people who are not so poor, and countries that are
poorly developed and countries that are well-developed because poverty may also lead to
increase in immigration and this immigration may become a world issue.
Poverty also creates a burden on the economy of the country. The healthcare field may be
affected because poor people may suffer from many diseases and they would need treatment.
They may not be able to pay for their treatment and the overall burden of healthcare would come
on the government healthcare institutions. Poverty is not a problem of a single individual, but it
is a problem of a community and a problem of the nation. People may think that poverty is a
chosen “problem,” but this is not the case. Sometimes the economic situations in a country and
the prevalent corruption and unemployment may become the cause of poverty.
The best solution to the problem would be globalization and global help. The poor countries have
to be helped by the richer countries. The solutions should not be like donating money and
feeding for a day, but the root causes have to be identified and they have to be dealt with to deal
with the issue of poverty right from its roots.
Poverty is a global issue and there are many causes behind poverty, and at the same time there
are serious consequences because of poverty so some solutions are essential and the help from
the richer and developed countries is a welcome thought and a necessary one. This essay argues
that poverty is the problem of countries and communities, and therefore the root causes of this
problem have to be identified to eradicate it completely.
Second Issue
The issue I would like to work on is the issue of homelessness.
The problem of homelessness is an important social and communal problem because it can lead
to different other problems of increase in crime, poor humanistic values and a total downfall of
humanity. People who are homeless may suffer f ...
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is an agency of the Government of India responsible for urban poverty, housing, and employment programs. It is involved in national policy decisions and coordinates with Indian central ministries, state governments, and central sponsor programs. The Ministry was created in 2004 after splitting it from the Ministry of Urban Development. The government, in 2017, merged the urban development and housing and urban poverty alleviation ministries as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The Government of India has launched various programs since its independence, such as some of the five year plans, to alleviate poverty and address the widening income gap, both, amongst the upper and lower classes of society, and amongst the rural and urban parts of the country. For instance, the "Eighth Plan policy guidelines envisages integrated approach to alleviation of urban poverty and servicing the urban poor with basic facilities so that their quality of life improves. The scheme could not help in preventing growth of new slums.
While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance over the long-run still remains to be seen. The shortsightedness of the Indian government often leads it to launch populist programs that may not necessarily work well. Low-hanging fruit like increasing worker's minimum wage can go a long way in achieving the goal of poverty alleviation, but are yet to be taken up in spite of reminders from leading economists.
DISASTERS AND THE CYCLE OF POVERTY: UNDERSTANDING URBAN, RURAL, AND GENDER ASPECTS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY by Kathy Lynn, Associate Director Resource Innovations, University of Oregon’s Institute for a Sustainable Environment September 2005
Empowering Poor by Leveraging Physical PlanninggJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Poverty remains the greatest curse ever perpetuated on humanity and human beings. Majority of growth and developmental ills facing urban settlements have genesis in the existence of poverty. Globally, it is understood that sustainability and poverty remain negatively co-related. Accordingly, promoting sustainability, would require nations to pool their resources , co-operate ,collaborate and come on the common platform for evolving rational and realistic strategies to eradicate poverty.
Global MPI Reports 2019 and 2020, has placed 21.9% of the Indian population as poor, with number of poor pegged at 269.8 million. According to World Poverty Clock in 2021, roughly 6% or 86,799,498 (86.8 million) of the Indian population is living in poverty. Accordingly, in the face of rapid and massive urbanization, challenges of poverty facing India, as a nation remain, both formidable and pronounced .
Role of urban planning in promoting poverty has never been realistically studied, rationally understood and objectively appreciated/ analyzed. Planned development is said to be promoter of universal public good ,focusing on achieving /promoting human living. However, looking objectively at the manner, in which planning as a process is conceptualized and made operational , Urban planning appear to be one of the major players responsible for promoting urban poverty. Majority of urban ills ; including housing shortage, growth of slums, shanti towns, haphazard and unplanned development; appear to have genesis in the manner in which cities are being currently planned, developed and managed
Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development Summit; 19-21 August 2014; African ...Nixon Ganduri
Overally, 70% of the South African poor live in Rural Areas (Government of South Africa 2000); where the most primary school completion is on average more than 20% lower, nearly twice as many children suffer from malnutrition, and maternal mortality rates are twice as high when compared with other countries. Some 5% of rural households report no cash income whatsoever. Despite being rural dwellers, more than one million African households have no access to demarcated arable land. While up to 12 % in South Africa depend on state pensions as their only source of cash income. As much as 26% of rural households entirely depend on remittances from urban centers for their cash income. Severe job losses in several industries are likely to have worsened the situation of late. Superimposed on this is the growing impact of HIV/AIDS on rural livelihoods. It is I guess an unfortunate reality that in a country like South Africa in which 20% of the population is HIV positive, 25.6% are unemployed, the sustainability of rural livelihoods is still not considered a priority issue as is meant to be by some stakeholders.
Effect of cooperative societies on poverty alleviation among rural farm house...ResearchWap
The broad objective of the study is to access the importance of cooperative societies in alleviating poverty among rural household.
The specific objectives are to;
i. examinethe socio-economic characteristics of the respondents in the study area.
ii. assessthe incidence, depth and severity of poverty among the respondents.
iii. examine the determinants of poverty among the rural households
iv. examinethe influence of cooperative membership on poverty status of rural households.
v. constraint affecting cooperative society in alleviating poverty.
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.docxoreo10
The issue that I would like to work on is the issue of poverty.
Poverty is a global issue affecting millions of people around the world. It has been the cause of
concern for many people because poverty leads to other dangerous issues that may affect
humanity, human lives and human values. Poverty is prevalent all over the world because of the
poor economic structure of countries, poor resources and also because of illiteracy. The other
reason for poverty is simple laziness of people because they do not want to work, or they may
not have skills to earn money to make a living for themselves. It is a potentially dangerous issue
and it need to be solved.
Poverty matters a lot in today’s world because poverty leads to other issues, such as increase of
crimes, malnourishment in children, early deaths of children, terrorism, social conflicts and
tensions among people. Poverty also can lead to another main issue of homelessness. It matters a
lot for everyone, people who are poor and people who are not so poor, and countries that are
poorly developed and countries that are well-developed because poverty may also lead to
increase in immigration and this immigration may become a world issue.
Poverty also creates a burden on the economy of the country. The healthcare field may be
affected because poor people may suffer from many diseases and they would need treatment.
They may not be able to pay for their treatment and the overall burden of healthcare would come
on the government healthcare institutions. Poverty is not a problem of a single individual, but it
is a problem of a community and a problem of the nation. People may think that poverty is a
chosen “problem,” but this is not the case. Sometimes the economic situations in a country and
the prevalent corruption and unemployment may become the cause of poverty.
The best solution to the problem would be globalization and global help. The poor countries have
to be helped by the richer countries. The solutions should not be like donating money and
feeding for a day, but the root causes have to be identified and they have to be dealt with to deal
with the issue of poverty right from its roots.
Poverty is a global issue and there are many causes behind poverty, and at the same time there
are serious consequences because of poverty so some solutions are essential and the help from
the richer and developed countries is a welcome thought and a necessary one. This essay argues
that poverty is the problem of countries and communities, and therefore the root causes of this
problem have to be identified to eradicate it completely.
Second Issue
The issue I would like to work on is the issue of homelessness.
The problem of homelessness is an important social and communal problem because it can lead
to different other problems of increase in crime, poor humanistic values and a total downfall of
humanity. People who are homeless may suffer f ...
The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation is an agency of the Government of India responsible for urban poverty, housing, and employment programs. It is involved in national policy decisions and coordinates with Indian central ministries, state governments, and central sponsor programs. The Ministry was created in 2004 after splitting it from the Ministry of Urban Development. The government, in 2017, merged the urban development and housing and urban poverty alleviation ministries as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). The Government of India has launched various programs since its independence, such as some of the five year plans, to alleviate poverty and address the widening income gap, both, amongst the upper and lower classes of society, and amongst the rural and urban parts of the country. For instance, the "Eighth Plan policy guidelines envisages integrated approach to alleviation of urban poverty and servicing the urban poor with basic facilities so that their quality of life improves. The scheme could not help in preventing growth of new slums.
While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance over the long-run still remains to be seen. The shortsightedness of the Indian government often leads it to launch populist programs that may not necessarily work well. Low-hanging fruit like increasing worker's minimum wage can go a long way in achieving the goal of poverty alleviation, but are yet to be taken up in spite of reminders from leading economists.
DISASTERS AND THE CYCLE OF POVERTY: UNDERSTANDING URBAN, RURAL, AND GENDER ASPECTS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY by Kathy Lynn, Associate Director Resource Innovations, University of Oregon’s Institute for a Sustainable Environment September 2005
The World Urban Forum III states that; ‘The world is facing a global housing crisis with more than billion people living in substandard housing without clean water or adequate sanitation; more than 14 million refugees and internally displaced people living in tents or other temporary shelters. Millions of homeless men, women, and children live in the streets of Washington, DC; Sao Paolo, Brazil; Johannesburg, South Africa; Mumbai, India; and other cities. And the problem is getting worse: Every week more than a million people are born in or move to cities in the developing world, driving up the need for new and better housing. The international response to the housing crisis has been muted. While many international donors have helped develop effective models for housing policies and programs, the scale of their application has not been large enough to significantly affect housing outcome. The result is a growing crisis. Housing remains key input in economic, social, and civic development. Many housing-related activities are known to contribute directly to achieving broader political, environmental and socio-economic development goals. Housing investment remains valuable and a major economic driver, both in developed countries and developing countries. In the United States, it has been estimated that housing directly contributes 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) and triggers another 6% in downstream expenditures. Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary financial markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income countries, housing construction creates job opportunities for migrants to cities. Legalization of informal settlements and registration of housing and other real property helps “unlock” fixed capital for productive investment and builds local property tax bases. Accordingly, context of housing in social, economic, physical, environmental and quality of life needs to be understood and appreciated. Creating housing will not be enough. Its location in terms of accessibility, services, employment, culture, infrastructure also needs to be understood and valued to make housing relevant and contextual.
The World Urban Forum III states that; ‘The world is facing a global housing crisis with more than billion people living in substandard housing without clean water or adequate sanitation; more than 14 million refugees and internally displaced people living in tents or other temporary shelters. Millions of homeless men, women, and children live in the streets of Washington, DC; Sao Paolo, Brazil; Johannesburg, South Africa; Mumbai, India; and other cities. And the problem is getting worse: Every week more than a million people are born in or move to cities in the developing world, driving up the need for new and better housing. The international response to the housing crisis has been muted. While many international donors have helped develop effective models for housing policies and programs, the scale of their application has not been large enough to significantly affect housing outcome. The result is a growing crisis. Housing remains key input in economic, social, and civic development. Many housing-related activities are known to contribute directly to achieving broader political, environmental and socio-economic development goals. Housing investment remains valuable and a major economic driver, both in developed countries and developing countries. In the United States, it has been estimated that housing directly contributes 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) and triggers another 6% in downstream expenditures. Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary financial markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income countries, housing construction creates job opportunities for migrants to cities. Legalization of informal settlements and registration of housing and other real property helps “unlock” fixed capital for productive investment and builds local property tax bases. Accordingly, context of housing in social, economic, physical, environmental and quality of life needs to be understood and appreciated. Creating housing will not be enough. Its location in terms of accessibility, services, employment, culture, infrastructure also needs to be understood and valued to make housing relevant and contextual.
Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Occupying largest space and having largest count in human settlements, housing, despite being critical for human living, quality of life and occupying higher rating in all government policies and programs, has remained elusive for majority of the people belonging to lower end of economic/social pyramid. Housing has emerged as the most complex human problem, ever evolving, ever devolving, never static, never finite and never nearing solution. Increasing human numbers, rapid mass migration/ movement of the people due to shifting of residence in search of better economic opportunities within/across nations have emerged as the major cause of the problem. getting more vexed. Having different connotations and meaning for different communities across the globe , Housing has defied all solutions to make housing for all a distinct reality. As major consumer of energy, resources, land, materials, money, labour and time , housing has assumed complex dimensions in different nations/states /communities. Housing also is known to have impact on environment, ecology and global sustainability. Housing does not remain confined to four walls ; it needs a large network of amenities and services to support it. It has high degree of linkages with the human habitat. Paper looks at the housing in the Indian context, tries to identify different issues and roadblocks which are hindering the growth and development of affordable housing and makes an attempt to define agenda for increasing housing numbers in the affordable housing for the EWS/LIG segment of population.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Designing for smart and Inclusive Cities in indiaJitKumarGupta1
Making cities Smart remains an illusion/ mirage and a fallacy in this world, which is illogically and irrationally being chased and promoted by politician, administrators and people in the power. How can cities be made Smart, both conceptually and physically, when cities are marked by dualities and contradictions, when it cannot take care of its stakeholders; Create ownership among them; provide them basic infrastructures, amenities and services; assure them appropriate employment and economic options; provide them with reasonable shelter; ensure healthy living. Cities cannot be made Smart till poverty continue to rule the cities; where planning remains marginalized/diluted; where multiplicity of agencies continue to operate and rule in contradiction to each other; where decision made remain mired with subjectivity; where there is total lack of ownership; where leadership has no understanding of the city growth and development and where manpower deployed remain inadequately qualified to understand and address the issues of urbanization. Cities would require more focus and will need care and caution, provided with the input of professionals who can lead the cities to make them more livable. I think need is to move from and focus on promoting livability rather than smartness. How can we achieve the objective of livability, should remain the agenda for all professionals and stake holders involved with making cities Smart.
Urban mobility is primary function of human being.The development of activities to increase residential population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may include the redevelopment of vacant land, the refurbishment of housing, the development of new business enterprises, new public transportation, new community recreation facilities.
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
Redefining Planning Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Urban SettJitKumarGupta1
Urbanisation in developing economies is fast emerging as a process of transfer of rural poverty to urban environment, leading to concentration of misery; creating distortions and emergence of numerous imbalances and problems. Accordingly, urban settlements are suffering from improper and haphazard development, absence of basic infrastructures and services, lack of housing, high degree of visual and environmental degradation and uncontrolled traffic etc. The cumulative effect of these factors is the degradation of quality of life in urban settlements and large number of subsidies required to keep them operational. Indian urbanization is characterized by urbanization of population, urbanization of poverty, urbanization of pollution and urbanization of environment.Looking at the existing scenario, all evidences suggest that despite best of the efforts of Planners to contain the population and limit and regulate the growth of large cities, they continue to grow and expand at an alarming pace; despite best of the efforts to promote planned growth, haphazard and unplanned development has emerged as the order of the day; despite best efforts made to contain slums, their number and size are growing much faster; despite pursuing the objective of ensuring quality of life to all, majority of urban dwellers are facing deprivation and lack of access to housing, basic amenities and facilities resulting in constant degradation of living environment. Thus, wide gaps have emerged over the years between what is planned and what actually comes on the ground.The dualities and contradictions emerging in the settlement scenario accordingly call for having a closer look at the very mechanism of city planning, development and management. It also calls for evaluating the concepts and systems, which have been followed in the past, for promoting planned growth of human settlements and have resulted in high level of distortions emerging in settlement planning and development mechanism. Since the existing systems and concepts have resulted in widening the gap between planning and development and have failed to achieve the goal of planned growth, surely it calls for their substitutions by some innovative concepts and systems, which would remove emerging distortions, dualities and contradictions in the settlement planning and make them rational and orderlu.
Redefing planning starategies for promoting sustainable Urban DevelopmentJitKumarGupta1
Looking at the way cities are being planned and developed, existing planning options need review and redefinition by adopting innovative planning solutions to make planning profession more responsive to emerging new realism (Nick Devas). New urban realism must invariably involves, evolve and revolves around; Urban growth must be planned to be inclusive; Recognition that form of cities is determined largely by the decisions of individuals and organizations, rather than by governments; Recognizing limited capacity of the government to intervene effectively in the urban system; Realism about resource constraints which government faces at both national and local level; Realism that people can afford to pay for improved urban services and shelter; Realism about standard of services to be adopted, priced and shared between competing claimants; Recognition that planning process cannot be a tidy, linear sequence of survey, plan-action but need to be pursued concurrently; Recognizing that plans need to be flexible and incremental; Realism about limited capacity of institutions in terms of technical skills, management capacity, institutional efficiency and inter-agency conflict; Realism about limited ability of planning authorities to enforce regulatory system of development ;Realism about seeing’ politics’ not as an obstacle, but as a framework, within which an implementable plan / program must be developed
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
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The World Urban Forum III states that; ‘The world is facing a global housing crisis with more than billion people living in substandard housing without clean water or adequate sanitation; more than 14 million refugees and internally displaced people living in tents or other temporary shelters. Millions of homeless men, women, and children live in the streets of Washington, DC; Sao Paolo, Brazil; Johannesburg, South Africa; Mumbai, India; and other cities. And the problem is getting worse: Every week more than a million people are born in or move to cities in the developing world, driving up the need for new and better housing. The international response to the housing crisis has been muted. While many international donors have helped develop effective models for housing policies and programs, the scale of their application has not been large enough to significantly affect housing outcome. The result is a growing crisis. Housing remains key input in economic, social, and civic development. Many housing-related activities are known to contribute directly to achieving broader political, environmental and socio-economic development goals. Housing investment remains valuable and a major economic driver, both in developed countries and developing countries. In the United States, it has been estimated that housing directly contributes 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) and triggers another 6% in downstream expenditures. Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary financial markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income countries, housing construction creates job opportunities for migrants to cities. Legalization of informal settlements and registration of housing and other real property helps “unlock” fixed capital for productive investment and builds local property tax bases. Accordingly, context of housing in social, economic, physical, environmental and quality of life needs to be understood and appreciated. Creating housing will not be enough. Its location in terms of accessibility, services, employment, culture, infrastructure also needs to be understood and valued to make housing relevant and contextual.
The World Urban Forum III states that; ‘The world is facing a global housing crisis with more than billion people living in substandard housing without clean water or adequate sanitation; more than 14 million refugees and internally displaced people living in tents or other temporary shelters. Millions of homeless men, women, and children live in the streets of Washington, DC; Sao Paolo, Brazil; Johannesburg, South Africa; Mumbai, India; and other cities. And the problem is getting worse: Every week more than a million people are born in or move to cities in the developing world, driving up the need for new and better housing. The international response to the housing crisis has been muted. While many international donors have helped develop effective models for housing policies and programs, the scale of their application has not been large enough to significantly affect housing outcome. The result is a growing crisis. Housing remains key input in economic, social, and civic development. Many housing-related activities are known to contribute directly to achieving broader political, environmental and socio-economic development goals. Housing investment remains valuable and a major economic driver, both in developed countries and developing countries. In the United States, it has been estimated that housing directly contributes 14% of gross domestic product (GDP) and triggers another 6% in downstream expenditures. Lending for housing helps develop primary and secondary financial markets. Worldwide and especially in low-income countries, housing construction creates job opportunities for migrants to cities. Legalization of informal settlements and registration of housing and other real property helps “unlock” fixed capital for productive investment and builds local property tax bases. Accordingly, context of housing in social, economic, physical, environmental and quality of life needs to be understood and appreciated. Creating housing will not be enough. Its location in terms of accessibility, services, employment, culture, infrastructure also needs to be understood and valued to make housing relevant and contextual.
Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Occupying largest space and having largest count in human settlements, housing, despite being critical for human living, quality of life and occupying higher rating in all government policies and programs, has remained elusive for majority of the people belonging to lower end of economic/social pyramid. Housing has emerged as the most complex human problem, ever evolving, ever devolving, never static, never finite and never nearing solution. Increasing human numbers, rapid mass migration/ movement of the people due to shifting of residence in search of better economic opportunities within/across nations have emerged as the major cause of the problem. getting more vexed. Having different connotations and meaning for different communities across the globe , Housing has defied all solutions to make housing for all a distinct reality. As major consumer of energy, resources, land, materials, money, labour and time , housing has assumed complex dimensions in different nations/states /communities. Housing also is known to have impact on environment, ecology and global sustainability. Housing does not remain confined to four walls ; it needs a large network of amenities and services to support it. It has high degree of linkages with the human habitat. Paper looks at the housing in the Indian context, tries to identify different issues and roadblocks which are hindering the growth and development of affordable housing and makes an attempt to define agenda for increasing housing numbers in the affordable housing for the EWS/LIG segment of population.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Designing for smart and Inclusive Cities in indiaJitKumarGupta1
Making cities Smart remains an illusion/ mirage and a fallacy in this world, which is illogically and irrationally being chased and promoted by politician, administrators and people in the power. How can cities be made Smart, both conceptually and physically, when cities are marked by dualities and contradictions, when it cannot take care of its stakeholders; Create ownership among them; provide them basic infrastructures, amenities and services; assure them appropriate employment and economic options; provide them with reasonable shelter; ensure healthy living. Cities cannot be made Smart till poverty continue to rule the cities; where planning remains marginalized/diluted; where multiplicity of agencies continue to operate and rule in contradiction to each other; where decision made remain mired with subjectivity; where there is total lack of ownership; where leadership has no understanding of the city growth and development and where manpower deployed remain inadequately qualified to understand and address the issues of urbanization. Cities would require more focus and will need care and caution, provided with the input of professionals who can lead the cities to make them more livable. I think need is to move from and focus on promoting livability rather than smartness. How can we achieve the objective of livability, should remain the agenda for all professionals and stake holders involved with making cities Smart.
Urban mobility is primary function of human being.The development of activities to increase residential population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may include the redevelopment of vacant land, the refurbishment of housing, the development of new business enterprises, new public transportation, new community recreation facilities.
Suburban poverty affects over 16.4 million people across the U.S. and is growing rapidly, significantly outpacing the growth rate of urban poverty over the last decade (64% vs. 29%). Experts suggest that the problem of suburban poverty is “the new normal.” While the basic needs of the poor in the suburbs are similar to those of the urban poor (e.g. education inequity, poor access to quality healthcare etc.), there are some critical systemic differences (e.g. limited transportation options, jurisdictional challenges etc.). These challenges are further exacerbated by the lack of awareness and understanding of the problem and
potential solutions.
Redefining Planning Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Urban SettJitKumarGupta1
Urbanisation in developing economies is fast emerging as a process of transfer of rural poverty to urban environment, leading to concentration of misery; creating distortions and emergence of numerous imbalances and problems. Accordingly, urban settlements are suffering from improper and haphazard development, absence of basic infrastructures and services, lack of housing, high degree of visual and environmental degradation and uncontrolled traffic etc. The cumulative effect of these factors is the degradation of quality of life in urban settlements and large number of subsidies required to keep them operational. Indian urbanization is characterized by urbanization of population, urbanization of poverty, urbanization of pollution and urbanization of environment.Looking at the existing scenario, all evidences suggest that despite best of the efforts of Planners to contain the population and limit and regulate the growth of large cities, they continue to grow and expand at an alarming pace; despite best of the efforts to promote planned growth, haphazard and unplanned development has emerged as the order of the day; despite best efforts made to contain slums, their number and size are growing much faster; despite pursuing the objective of ensuring quality of life to all, majority of urban dwellers are facing deprivation and lack of access to housing, basic amenities and facilities resulting in constant degradation of living environment. Thus, wide gaps have emerged over the years between what is planned and what actually comes on the ground.The dualities and contradictions emerging in the settlement scenario accordingly call for having a closer look at the very mechanism of city planning, development and management. It also calls for evaluating the concepts and systems, which have been followed in the past, for promoting planned growth of human settlements and have resulted in high level of distortions emerging in settlement planning and development mechanism. Since the existing systems and concepts have resulted in widening the gap between planning and development and have failed to achieve the goal of planned growth, surely it calls for their substitutions by some innovative concepts and systems, which would remove emerging distortions, dualities and contradictions in the settlement planning and make them rational and orderlu.
Redefing planning starategies for promoting sustainable Urban DevelopmentJitKumarGupta1
Looking at the way cities are being planned and developed, existing planning options need review and redefinition by adopting innovative planning solutions to make planning profession more responsive to emerging new realism (Nick Devas). New urban realism must invariably involves, evolve and revolves around; Urban growth must be planned to be inclusive; Recognition that form of cities is determined largely by the decisions of individuals and organizations, rather than by governments; Recognizing limited capacity of the government to intervene effectively in the urban system; Realism about resource constraints which government faces at both national and local level; Realism that people can afford to pay for improved urban services and shelter; Realism about standard of services to be adopted, priced and shared between competing claimants; Recognition that planning process cannot be a tidy, linear sequence of survey, plan-action but need to be pursued concurrently; Recognizing that plans need to be flexible and incremental; Realism about limited capacity of institutions in terms of technical skills, management capacity, institutional efficiency and inter-agency conflict; Realism about limited ability of planning authorities to enforce regulatory system of development ;Realism about seeing’ politics’ not as an obstacle, but as a framework, within which an implementable plan / program must be developed
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Agenda, Approach and Options for Rationalising and Redefining Future Indian ...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Government of India/state policies, programs, mission and agenda must move providing basic essentials to all its citizens through an efficient, objective and transparent system of governance. For making cities livable and empowering people; right to basics/essential of human living including; Right to shelter, food, clothing universal access to healthcare, education, employment , infrastructures, amenities and mobility; should be made integral part of Indian Constitution by embedding it as Fundamental Rights/Directive Principles of state policy besides making them integral part of planning, development and management/governance process of all human settlements.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Empowering Poor by Leveraging Physical Planning
*** Jit Kumar Gupta
Introduction
Poverty remains the greatest curse ever perpetuated on humanity and human beings on
this planet earth. Majority of growth and developmental ills and maladies facing human
settlements have genesis in the existence of poverty. Poverty has numerous
connotations and existence of multiple implications for human living and quality of life.
Poverty invariably leads to lowering the human dignity.
Poverty is known to adversely impact and compromise with the quality of life.
Poverty is known to be promoter of criminalization in the society
Poverty degrades and makes human beings helpless and hopeless
Poverty adversely impacts the human psyche and mental makeup.
Poverty makes human beings face exclusion from society and community
Poverty lowers the capacity and capability of individual /family to become a better
human beings/social unit.
Poverty marginalizes the human capacity to take care and manage basic human
needs, essential for human living.
Poverty invariably lands human beings in the slums in search for appropriate
shelter.
Poverty transforms and makes human- inhumane.
Poverty negates the sense of social, physical and economic values in human
living
Majority of crimes/criminals in society have their roots embedded in poverty.
Poverty and development remain inversely related
Poverty and education are also negatively co-related
Poverty and health remain anti-thesis to each other.
Drugs and human trafficking have its genesis in prevailing pattern of poverty.
Poverty turns and makes human being a liability instead of asset for the society
Personal hygiene remains divorced when human beings are faced with poverty.
Factors causing Poverty
Poverty is, primarily and essentially, a human problem. It follows humanity like a shadow.
Accordingly, it has dedicated origin and destination. Poverty can be caused by numerous
factors. Poverty may be by outcome of where one is born or due to the the
circumstances, environment and place in which one is placed which are known to cause
poverty. Majority of factors causing/perpetuating poverty remain beyond human controls.
Poverty can be caused by nature- nature led
2. It can also be outcome of community in which man is born- community led
Poverty can also be outcome of the family to which one belongs- family led
It can also be the outcome of the caste to which one belongs- caste led.
It can also be caused by the neglect of the place where one lives- place led.
Poverty is also caused by conflicts/riots between nations and communities-
conflict led
Few nations/states are known for their poverty due to low level of
development/resources- Nation/state led
Poverty can also be the outcome of adverse circumstances in which one is forced
into- Circumstances led
Planning is also known to be responsible for promoting poverty among the human
beings—Planning led.
Different forms of Poverty
Generally, poverty is understood and linked to lack of adequate financial resources
needed for meeting the basic essentials required for human living including food,
clothing and shelter. But poverty has numerous other connotations including ;poverty of
thoughts, poverty of ideas, poverty of action, poverty to experiment/innovate/ explore;
poverty of leadership, poverty of networking, poverty to co-operate and collaborate etc.
These typologies have its own role in perpetuating poverty on the masses and
communities. Accordingly, poverty of any kind has its adverse implications on human
living.
Empowering Poor through Urban Planning
Looking at the entire global context, it can be observed that poverty remains widespread,
cutting across all manmade boundaries. It is not a local phenomenon but a curse
impacting adversely all nations. As already defined, large number of factors are involved
in causing and promoting poverty and till poverty prevails, humanity cannot be at peace
and planet earth cannot made sustainable. Accordingly, it will be important that all nations
should pool their resources, come on the same platform to co-operate and collaborate
and evolve rational and realistic strategies to eradicate poverty. Eliminating poverty
should be the agenda which should be pursued vigorously and sincerely by all nations.
However, it needs to be appreciated that poor should not be treated as a liability but as
an asset, which has lot of potential and capacity to contribute to the local/national
economy and employment, when fully exploited.
Poverty continues to be undefined in absolute terms and remain dynamic, ever evolving,
ever devolving never static and never finite. Despite the fact that India, as a nation ,is
developing rapidly and its economy is growing fast, poverty still remains a major
challenge. According to an International Monetary Fund paper, extreme poverty, defined
by the World Bank as living on US$1.9 or less in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, in
India was as low as 0.8% in 2019 and the country managed to keep it at that level in 2020
despite the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak. According to World Bank, extreme
3. poverty has reduced by 12.3% between 2011 and 2019 from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in
2019. A working paper of the bank said rural poverty declined from 26.3% in 2011 to
11.6% in 2019. The decline in urban areas was from 14.2% to 6.3% in the same period.
The poverty level in rural and urban areas went down by 14.7 and 7.9 percentage points,
respectively. According to United Nations Development Programme administrator Achim
Steiner, India lifted 271 million people out of extreme poverty in a 10-year time period
from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016. A 2020 study from the World Economic Forum found
"Some 220 million Indians sustained on an expenditure level of less than Rs 32 / day—
the poverty line for rural India—by the last headcount of the poor in India in 2013. ( As
per Wikipedia). According to Global MPI Reports 2019 and 2020, 21.9% of the population was
poor in the India where the number of poor were pegged at 269.8 million. According to World
Poverty Clock in 2021, roughly 6% or 86,799,498 (86.8 million) of the Indian population is living
in poverty. Accordingly, challenge of poverty facing India, as a nation, remains both
formidable and well pronounced to be tackled on priority.
Role of urban planning in promoting poverty has never been realistically, rationally and
objectively studied , understood, appreciated and analyzed. It is generally understood in
the planning parlance that planned development being people centric, invariably leads to
promoting universal public good and focus on achieving and promoting improved human
living. But looking objectively at the the manner in which urban planning is viewed,
practiced and made operational, it can be seen and observed that Urban planning, as a
process and approach, has major role to play in promoting poverty in the urban context.
Current urban planning practices, tools and methodologies invariably are based on
catering to riches of the society and exclusion of the marginalized sections of the society.
Accordingly, it will be appropriate that existing approach to urban planning is both critically
and objectively reviewed, revised and redefined to involve and empower the poor in urban
settlements. Accordingly urban planning should revolve around and should lead to;
Eliminating Poverty; All urban development policies and programs evolved at
national, state and local levels, must remain poverty centric and should aim at
minimizing the challenges faced by the poor and empowering poor in the urban space.
Promoting Co-operative cities; Cities must be planned on co-operative basis to
create joint ownerships for all the citizens so as to eliminate the ownership of urban
resources, facilities and amenities by few elites/riches inthe city.
Making Urban Planning poor centric ; Unfortunately, poor have faced exclusion in
the urban development process despite constituting substantial portion of urban
population. This has invariably led to making urban planning and development
irrational and illogical for majority of the urban settlements. Making poor integral part
of city planning and development process while preparing Master plans/Development
Plans/Local area plans shall help in understanding, appreciating, analyzing and
providing all basic amenities ,services and spaces essentially needed by the poor,
for making their living and working qualitative. This approach to urban planning,
besides minimizing poverty will go a long way in achieving the universal objectives of
planned development.
4. Earmarking dedicated Commercial space; Earmarking, acquiring and developing
adequate dedicated commercial space for the urban poor to do business by evolving
and defining appropriate norms and standards, will help the poor to contribute to the
employment and economy of the city on large scale.
Earmarking dedicated Residential space; Earmarking, acquiring and developing
dedicated space for housing the poor in the urban context by evolving and defining
appropriate norms and standards would help in minimizing growth of slums and
shanty towns in urban areas and promote rational residential development.
Skilling Poor; Skilling remains major issue and prime reason for promoting poverty
among the large number of rural migrants, opting to make cities as their preferred
place for living and working. Opening large number of skill centers for skilling the
urban poor for employment in the urban context will help in empowering poor by
source better employment.
Service Centers; Opening large number of service centers in the city for providing
manpower involved in services related to plumbing, electrification, vehicle repairs,
driving, healthcare, households work, landscaping, horticulture, garbage disposal etc.
will remain essential to overcome poverty in urban areas. Creating space for setting
up of such service centers should be made integral part of urban planning process.
Creating Day Markets; Permitting the organization of the day-markets in different
parts of the cities, on rotation basis, for poor to market their products and selling
goods required for meeting the day to day needs of urban residents, will help in
generating employment and creating opportunities for better earning for the poor in
the city.
Permitting multiple use of formal urban spaces; Planning for permitting poor to
use prime urban spaces in the city ,after the close and before the open of the formal
markets, to create space for doing business by the poor will be a game changer in
alleviating poverty in the urban areas.
Developing Motor markets; Planning dedicated markets for carrying out repairs of
the motor vehicles in different parts of the city, will help in creating number of
opportunities for employment of the poor having skill in the repair of the
automobiles/vehicles etc,
Registering Poor; Mechanism of registering poor needs to be introduced in each
city, in order to realistically quantify and understand the need and demand for such
section of the community for undertaking planning for them in rational and realistic
manner. Such an approach will help in targeting right beneficiaries for all poor oriented
programs.
Leasing Space; Space earmarked for poor should be made available on lease basis
with period varying with daily/weekly/monthly /yearly basis , depending upon the
nature of the space allocated and activities permitted to be carried out. No ownership
of the space allocated for poor should be ever permitted. Adequate checks and
balances need to be created within the system to eliminate speculation
/misuse/abuse of spaces allocated to poor.
5. Promoting Circular Economy ; Cities planned, designed and developed following
the circular pattern of economy, have great potential ,capacity and capability to
minimize poverty by optimizing the use of available resources and converting
enormous waste being generated by them into wealth using different options .
Accordingly, cities creating large opportunities/ options for converting waste into
wealth by making products which can be used /consumed locally, can help in
lowering the graph of poverty.
Involving Poor in Planning; For rationally understanding the basic requirements
and empowering the poor, it will be appropriate to make poor integral part of the urban
planning, development and management process. Involving poor in the planning and
designing of urban spaces can help in not only making urban planning process more
rational, equitable and objective but will go along way in eliminating large number of
ills facing the urban settlements.
Using Technologies; Technology has enormous potential in optimizing resources,
empowering people, promoting operational efficiency, making innovations, promoting
start up, creating large employment, creating correct data base, effectively monitoring
the implementation welfare schemes, connecting communities etc. Accordingly , it will
be important and critical to make technology integral part of all the policies and
programs put in operations for empowering poor.
Promoting Cross-subsidization; Making the mechanism of cross subsidization
integral part of the planning process will always help in generating revenue/resources
and creating space for the urban poor while planning/granting permission for different
projects/schemes launched by the private sector in the city.
Prioritising Regional Planning; Urban planning remains the focus of all the
planners in the present context leading to exclusion of the large number of rural
settlements and major proportion of population living in the rural areas of the country
( placed at 68.9%, as per Census 2011). This has led to lopsided development of the
country besides perpetuating poverty on large scale in the urban areas .Poverty
remains a human problem but it is unfortunately been reckoned as urban problem
because rural poverty gets concentrated in urban areas due to large scale rural- urban
migration. Prioritising Regional Planning will help in not only synergizing but also
making optimum use of strength , resources, manpower and opportunities available
in both in rural and urban areas, helping in empowering the poor in the rural
settlements by providing appropriate infrastructures, services and creating
options/opportunities for better employment locally. Regional planning can then be
followed by urban and rural planning to address the development issues and
challenges facing the poor at the settlement level .
Author: Jit Kumar Gupta
Ex- Director; College of Architecture, IET Bhaddal, Punjab
# 344, Sector 40-A, Chandigarh-160036.;
email: jit.kumar1944@ gmail.com