This document discusses embedded systems and provides information about careers in the embedded industry. It defines embedded systems and gives examples like washing machines and traffic lights. It also lists the main components of microcontrollers like processors, memory, timers, and I/O modules. The document outlines skills needed for embedded software engineers like C programming and knowledge of microcontroller manufacturers and components. It discusses challenges in embedded systems like performance, cost, size, and power consumption. Finally, it provides tips for starting a career in embedded systems.

1. GDSC – Fayoum University
2022 – 2023
Embedded Systems

4. What are Embedded Systems
- Examples for Embedded Systems
- A perspective on the Embedded industry
- Jobs in the embedded industry
- Needed Skills For Embedded Software Engineers
- how to start your career in embedded

10. Example: Washing machine
C o n t r ol Unit
Position sensor (encoder)
M o t or
User Interface Panel
Control board

14. proteus: traffic light simulation

15. Processing Unit Connections

17. Needed Skills For Embedded Software Engineers
c programing
Microcontroller Manufacturers
⮚Atmel ⮚ AVR
⮚Intel ⮚ 8051
⮚Microchip Technology ⮚ PIC
⮚Freescale Semiconductor ⮚ 68HC11 , MPC 5777
⮚Maxim Integrated ⮚ 8051, ARM 922T, MIPS 4kSD
⮚NXP Semiconductors ⮚ ARM7, ARM9, ARM Cortex-M0, ARM Cortex-M3, ARM Cortex-M4, ARM
Cortex-M7.

18. Microcontroller Component
⮚ Processor
The processor refers to CPU of the microcontroller. It contains the ALU, Control Unit, Instruction
Decoder and some Special Registers (Stack Pointer, Status Register, Program Counter, etc.).
⮚ Volatile Data Memory (RAM)
This is memory used by the microcontroller for temporary data storage, system setup and
peripherals configuration registers. Memory in this category includes SRAM
and DRAM.
AVR microcontrollers utilize SRAM.
⮚ Non-Volatile Program Memory
This is memory used by the microcontroller to store programs. Data can also be stored in this
memory but the access time is much slower than that of RAM. Memory in this category includes
ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH. The AVR microcontrollers utilize Flash for program
storage, some AVR controllers contains a bit of EEPROM as well to store non volatile data.

19. ⮚ Timer Module
Most microcontrollers have at least one timer/counter peripheral. Timer/Counter modules are used to
perform timing or counting operations in the controller. These include time stamping, measuring intervals,
counting events.
⮚ Interrupt Module
Interrupts enable the microcontroller to monitor certain events in the background while executing and
application program and react to the event if necessary pausing the original program. This is all coordinated
by the interrupt module.
⮚ Digital I/O Module
This module allows digital/logic communication with the microcontroller and the external world.
Communication signals are that of TTL or CMOS logic.
⮚ Analog I/O Modules
These modules are use to input/output analog information from/to the external world. Analog modules
include Analog Comparators and Analog-to-Digital Converters.
⮚ Serial Modules
These modules are used for serial communication with the external world. An example is the USART peripheral
which utilizes the RS232 standard. Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) and Inter Integrated Circuit(I2C)

20. Microcontroller Challenge
⮚Performance
⮚Cost
⮚Size
⮚Power Consumption
⮚Availability

21. Good knowledge of embedded C programming is a MUST.
- Good knowledge of micro-controllers and peripherals is a MUST.
- Familiarity with AUTOSAR Software -Architecture is a plus.
- Experience in RTOS/Automotive buses is a plus.
- Knowledge in software design process and development life cycle is a plus.
- Needed Skills For Embedded Software Engineers

22. - how to start your career in embedded

23. Questions ????