This document discusses electromagnetic phenomena and transmission lines. It begins by describing how ancient and modern people have sought to understand phenomena like light, magnetism, and wireless communication. It then outlines Maxwell's equations, which relate electric and magnetic fields. Applications discussed include transmission lines, antennas, fiber optics, wireless communication, radar, and power systems. The document aims to develop an understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and its various applications.
1935 – Heil oscillator
1939 – klystron amplifier
1944 – Helix type TWT
In the early 1950s – low power output of linear beam tubes to high power levels
Finally invention of Magnetrons
Several devices were developed – two significant devices among them are
1) extended interaction klystron
2) Twystron hybrid amplifier
CYLINDRICAL
LINEAR
COAXIAL
VOLTAGE-TUNABLE
INVERTED COAXIAL
FREQUENCY-AGILE COAXIAL
No Wire is the brief description of the wireless technology and wireless power transmission. this presentation gives the overview of the wireless power transmission and also you can found the different types of the methods used to transfer the power wirelessly i mean the types of the wireless power transmission. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Electricity and magnetism are different facets of electromagnetism
a moving electric charge produces magnetic fields
changing magnetic fields move electric charges
This connection first elucidated by Faraday, Maxwell
Einstein saw electricity and magnetism as frame-dependent facets of unified electromagnetic force
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
1935 – Heil oscillator
1939 – klystron amplifier
1944 – Helix type TWT
In the early 1950s – low power output of linear beam tubes to high power levels
Finally invention of Magnetrons
Several devices were developed – two significant devices among them are
1) extended interaction klystron
2) Twystron hybrid amplifier
CYLINDRICAL
LINEAR
COAXIAL
VOLTAGE-TUNABLE
INVERTED COAXIAL
FREQUENCY-AGILE COAXIAL
No Wire is the brief description of the wireless technology and wireless power transmission. this presentation gives the overview of the wireless power transmission and also you can found the different types of the methods used to transfer the power wirelessly i mean the types of the wireless power transmission. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Electricity and magnetism are different facets of electromagnetism
a moving electric charge produces magnetic fields
changing magnetic fields move electric charges
This connection first elucidated by Faraday, Maxwell
Einstein saw electricity and magnetism as frame-dependent facets of unified electromagnetic force
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
Here is a blog on the role of electrical and electronics engineers in IOT. Let's dig in!!!!
For more such content visit: https://nttftrg.com/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. It is a subject Which has been fascinating human beings for many centuries.
• In ancient days people used to asked questions like
Why stars twinkling while planets do not?
why there is lightning?
Why magnetic needle deflect When it is putted in the environment?
How light reach the earth from the sun Where there is no medium in
between?
3. • In modern days people also try to investigate issues like
How radio stations operated?
How Tv reception occurred?
How do the mobile phone works?
Why Tv reception is good in some parts of the house and not at other places?
Why radio transmission in medium wave does not fluctuate with time
whereas short wave radio transmission does?
• All these phenomenon involves electromagnetism and almost all modern
gadgets works with the principle of electromagnetism.
4. EM phenomena
1. Low frequency high power
- Electrical machines, transformers, power generation, transmission and
distribution of electric energy.
2. High frequency low power
- Mobile communication, radar, satellite comm, optical fiber comm
• In this course we are going to develop the principles of electromagnetism
and investigate how time varying EM wave behaves.
5. Applications of Electromagnetic phenomena
• Transmission lines and HF circuits
• Antenna
• Satellite communication
• Fiber optic communication
• Cellular wireless communication
• Radar
• Electric power generation, transmission and distribution systems
• Renewable energy and energy conversion
6. In general EM phenomena is governed by the following four Maxwell’s
equations
Relate Electric and Magnetic fields generated by charge and
current distributions.
7. t
D
j
H
t
B
E
B
D
0
E = electric field
D = electric displacement
H = magnetic field
B = magnetic flux density
= charge density
j = current density
0 (permeability of free space) = 4 10-7
0 (permittivity of free space) = 8.854 10-12
c (speed of light) = 2.99792458 108 m/s
8.
9.
10. • Equivalent to Gauss’ Flux Theorem:
• The flux of electric field out of a closed region is proportional to the total electric charge Q
enclosed within the surface.
• A point charge q generates an electric field
0
0
0
1
Q
dV
S
d
E
dV
E
E
V
S
V
0
2
0
3
0
4
4
q
r
dS
q
S
d
E
r
r
q
E
sphere
sphere
Area integral gives a measure of the net charge enclosed; divergence of the
electric field gives the density of the sources.
0
E
Maxwell’s 1st Equation
11. Maxwell’s 2nd Equation
Gauss’ law for magnetism:
The net magnetic flux out of any closed surface is zero.
Surround a magnetic dipole with a closed surface. The
magnetic flux directed inward towards the south pole will
equal the flux outward from the north pole.
If there were a magnetic monopole source, this would give
a non-zero integral.
0
0 S
d
B
B
Gauss’ law for magnetism is then a statement that There
are no magnetic monopoles
0
B
12. Maxwell’s 3rd Equation
t
B
E
dt
d
S
d
B
dt
d
l
d
E
S
d
t
B
S
d
E
C S
S
S
Equivalent to Faraday’s Law of Induction:
(for a fixed circuit C)
The electromotive force round a
circuit is proportional to the rate of
change of flux of magnetic
field, through the circuit.
l
d
E
S
d
B
N S
Faraday’s Law is the basis for electric
generators. It also forms the basis for
inductors and transformers.
17. Antenna
• Omnidirectional vs directional
• Resonant vs non resonant
• Wire type vs aperture type
• Size of antennas
• Smart antennas
• Array antenna
18. Satellite communication
* Large bandwidth L-band - (1-2GHz) K –band – (12-18GHz)
* Long distance S-band – (2-4GHz) ku-band – (18-27GHz)
* longer delay C-band – (4-8GHz) ka-band – (27-40GHz)
* Mobility x-band – (8-12GHz)
19. Fiber optic communication
• Propagation of light through optical fiber cable
• Total internal reflection
• Bending
• Light sources LASER , LED
20. Wireless and mobile communication
• Require various aspects of EM principles
• Cellular communication Base station , users, cell
• Multipath propagation (reflection, diffraction, scattering )
• Depending on the length of travel the wave will have either
constructive or destructive interference
• As the user moves the strength of the wave varies as a function of
time. This phenomena is called fading.
• Co channel interference
21.
22. To design and install successful and feasible wireless link properly
developed propagation model is highly required. To develop
propagation model of the complex EM environment electromagnetic
principles are employed.
23. RADAR
• Detection and measurement
• Long range detection of targets
• Clutter
• Radar resolution
24. EMI/EMC
• How to avoid harmful interference
• Mitigation of EMI (filtering, grounding, shielding)
• Electromagnetic compatibility of devices and environment
• IOT and 5G
• Policy, standard, regulations, laws
• Monitoring and control