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Microcontroller based ELISA Reader
The document discusses a microcontroller-based ELISA reader developed by P. Mahender Babu and G. Shyam Kumar, detailing its components, operation principles including spectrophotometry, and its applications in medical diagnostics. It outlines the system's architecture, including the microcontroller specifications and interfacing with various devices, and provides sample ELISA data for three patients. Additionally, it highlights the ELISA technique as a key tool for detecting diseases and screening for viral infections.
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Microcontroller based ELISA Reader
- 1. MICRO CONTROLLER BASED ELISAREADER By P. Mahender Babu(10PQ1A0474) G.Shyam Kumar(10PQ1A04A2)
- 2. OVERVIEW • Objective • Introduction •Principle of Operation • Description of the System • Block Diagram • Interfacing Stepper Motor with Microcontroller • Elisa data from Three different patients • Elisa Reader • Applications of Elisa Reader • Scope of Development
- 3. Introduction Why known as......ELISA? ELISA is the abbreviation of Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay • Antigen of interest is absorbed on to plastic surface (“sorbent”) • Antigen is recognised by specific antibody (“immuno”) • This antibody is recognised by second antibody (“immuno”) which has enzyme attached (“enzyme- linked”) • Substrate reacts with enzyme to produce product, usually coloured.
- 4. ANTIGEN (Ag) • Anymolecule that induces production of antibodies When introduced in the body of an animal is called antigen. e.g. bacteria, viruses ANTIBODY ( Ab) • Proteins produced by the immune system which help defend against antigens. e.g. lymphocytes SYMBOL FOR ANTIBODY SYMBOL FOR ANTIGEN
- 5. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION •It is based on the principle of Spectrophotometry • A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of light absorbed by a sample.
- 7. DESCRIPTION OF THESYSTEM • Elisa Plate-Flat or bottomed 96 wells micro plate • Light source: tungsten - halogen lamp • Optical system: Grating Monochromator • Optical Fibre • MicroControllers-8051F124,ATMEL 89C52 • DRIVER IC 5804 • Detector: Photo diode • Display: 24*2 line alphanumeric LCD • Power supply: 230+-10% Ac, 50 Hz • 2 Stepper Motors
- 8. Elisa Plate •The equipmentof ELISA consists of a micro- plate which consists 96 wells. The wells are arranged in the form of 8 rows and 12 columns. By this arrangement we can detect 96 samples at a time. •Marked on one side alphabetically •Numerically on the other side
- 9. Tungsten Lamp This lampconsists of a tungsten filament enclosed in a glass envelope, with a wavelength range of about 330 to 900 nm, are used for the visible region. It has long life about 1200h. Monochromator Accepts polychromatic input light from a lamp and outputs monochromatic light.
- 10. Optical Fibers • Fibreoptics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit light signals over long distances. It has the following parts: • Core - Thin glass center of the fiber where the light travels • Cladding - Outer optical material surrounding the core that reflects the light back into the core • Buffer coating - Plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage and moisture
- 11. Micro Controller 8051F124 ThinQuad Flat Pack (TQFP)
- 12. MICROCONTROLLER C8051F124 Specifications: • CoreProcessor: 8051 • Program Memory Size: l28k bytes of in-system programmable FLASH memory • RAM Size: 8448 (8k + 256) bytes of on-chip RAM • Number of I /O: 64 • Package / Case: 100-TQFP • Speed: 50MHz • Oscillator Type: Internal • Packaging: Tray • Program Memory Type: FLASH ; EEPROM • Data Converters: A/D 8x8b, 8x12b; D/A 2x12b • Operating Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C • Connectivity: EBI/EMI, SMBus (2-Wire/I²C), SPI, UART/USART • Peripherals: Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, Temp Sensor, WDT • Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd): 2.7 V ~ 3.6 V
- 13. Microcontroller ATMEL AT89C52 •Compatible with MCS-5l Products • 8k bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory . • Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz • Three-level Program Memory Lock. • 256*8 -bit Internal RAM. • 32 Programmable I/O Lines . • Three 16-bit Timer/Counters . • Eight Interrupt Sources . • Programmable Serial Channel. • Low-power Idle and Power-down Mode
- 14. DRIVER IC 5804 •1.5 A Maximum Output Current • 35 V Output Sustaining Voltage • Wave-Drive, Two-Phase, and half-Step Drive Formats • Internal Clamp Diodes • Output Enable and Direction Control • Power-ON Reset • internal Thermal Shutdown Circuitry
- 15. Silicon PIN Photodiodes PhotovoltaicV-Series • Designed for low-noise, D.C. to medium bandwidth applications. Active areas range from .31mm² to 100mm². Applications include: low light level measurements, particle counting, chemical and analytical measurement and detection.
- 17. Display: 24*2 linealphanumeric LCD
- 18. Elisa data fromThree different patients Positive Control Patient A Patient B Patient C 1.689 0.055 0.412 1.999
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- 20. APPLICATIONS OF ELISAREADER • Screening donated blood for evidence of viral contamination by – Presence of HIV antibodies in blood. – Mycobacterial antibodies in tuberculosis. • Screening of viral and bacterial Infections • Detection of Hepatitis B markers in serum. • Detection of rotavirus in faeces. • Measuring hormone levels – HCG (as a test for pregnancy) – LH (determining the time of ovulation) – TSH, T3 and T4 (for thyroid function)
- 21. SCOPE FOR DEVELOPMENT: •Using proper interface devices it can be controlled through a computer. DISADVANTAGE: • Requires spectrophotometric plate reader.
- 22. REFERENCES • www.techno2know.com • http://www.silabs.com/ •www.tecan.com • www.maxima.in.com
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