This document provides an overview of key elements of poetry, including form, sound devices, imagery, mood/tone, and theme. It defines and provides examples of different poetic devices such as rhyme, rhythm, alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, repetition, similes, metaphors, personification, and allusions. The document also discusses how these various elements can be used to interpret and analyze poems.

1. ENGLISH 9

2. THE SEVEN AGES OF
MAN
• Alliteration
play his part, quick in quarrel, world to wide,
shrunk-shank, plays many parts
• Assonance
men and women are merely players, with eyes
severe, and beard of formal cut, whining
with his satchel, fair round belly, with good
capon lined

3. • Consonance
Into lean and slipper`d pantaloon
Mewling and puking in the nurse`s arm
And shining morning face, creeping like
snail
For his shrunk shank
His acts being seven ages

4. Learning Targets
I can…
• distinguish elements of poetry;
• recognize literary devices;
• interpret poems with the help of its
elements; and
• answer with the application of right
manner

6. Elements Of Poetry
FORM
SOUND DEVISES
IMAGERY
MOOD/TONE
THEME

7. Poetry:
Poetry is a form of writing that uses not only words,
but also form (lines and stanzas),
patterns of sound,
(rhyme, repition, and rhythm) as well as
figurative language and imagery
to convey a message, tell a story, or express the
author’s feelings or thoughts.
Any poem will include some or all of these elements.

8. Form/structure
• A poem’s form is its
appearance. Poems are
divided into lines. Many
poems, especially longer ones,
may also be divided into
groups of lines called stanzas.
• Stanzas function like
paragraphs in a story. Each
one contains a single idea or
takes the idea one step
further.
What is the purpose of the first
stanza of “The Highwayman”?
The wind was a torrent of darkness,
among the gusty trees.
The moon was a ghostly galleon
tossed upon cloudy seas.
The road was a ribbon of moonlight
over the purple moor,
And the highwayman came riding -
Riding – riding –
The highwayman came riding up to
the old inn door.
Sets the scene

9. SOUND Devices
Some poems use techniques of sound
such as: rhythm
rhyme
alliteration/consonance/
assonance
onomatopoeia
repetition

10. Rhythm:
• The pattern of beats or
stresses in a poem.
Poets use patterns of
stressed and unstressed
syllables to create a
regular rhythm.
Try beating out the rhythm
with a finger as you read
these lines.
She was a child and I was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea;
But we loved with a love that was
more than love –
I and my Annabel Lee;

11. RHYME:
The repetition of the same or similar sounds,
usually in stressed syllables at the ends of
lines, but sometimes within a line.
There are strange things done in the
midnight sun
By the men who moil for gold;

12. Rhyme Scheme
The rhyming pattern that is created at
the end of lines of poetry.
Mary had a little lamb, A
Its fleece as white as snow. B
And everywhere that Mary went, C
The lamb was sure to go. B
If the poem does not have a rhyme
scheme it is considered to be a
free verse poem.

13. ALLITERATION:
The repetition of consonant sounds at the
beginnings of words.
Seven silver swans swam silently seaward.
Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers.

14. Assonance
• The repetition of vowel sounds within
non-rhyming words.
• Into the ink-filled jar, she inserted the
brush.

15. Consonance
• Repetitive sound produced by
consonants in the middle or end of
words in a phrase/sentence.
• Pitter, patter, pitter, patter

16. Onomatopoeia
Words that are used to represent
particular sounds.
Crash Boom
Bang Zip

17. Repetition
The repeating of a particular sound
devise to create an effect.
To create emphasis, a poet may repeat
words or lines within the poem.

18. IMAGERY
Poets use words that
appeal to the reader’s
senses of sight,
sound, touch, taste,
and smell.
Which senses does the
following stanza appeal
to?
Back, he spurred like a madman,
shouting curses to the sky,
With the white road smoking behind
him and his rapier brandished high.
Sight?
Sound?

19. Figurative Language
Figurative language creates pictures
by making comparisons.

20. SIMILE
A comparison using like or as.
Talk of your cold! through the parka’s
fold it stabbed like a driven nail.

21. METAPHOR:
Describes one thing as if it were
another.
The moon was a ghostly galleon
tossed upon cloudy seas.

22. Extended Metaphor
A metaphor that extends throughout
the entire poem instead of just a few
lines of the poem.

23. PERSONIFICATION:
Gives human characteristics to something
nonhuman.
…and the stars o’erhead
were dancing heel and toe…

24. Allusion
• When an author or
poet refers to a
famous person,
place or thing in
history.
• Ex. The Midas
Touch

25. In “The Highwayman,” images create a
picture of Tim.
Which figures are used to describe his eyes
and his hair?
His eyes were hollows of madness, his hair like
moldy hay,
eyes : hollows of madness : Metaphor
hair : moldy hay : Simile

26. Mood/Tone
The feelings the author’s word choices
give the poem.
The only other sounds the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.

27. THEME:
The theme of a poem is its central or
main idea.
To identify a poem’s theme, ask
yourself what ideas or insights about
life or human nature you have found in
the poem.

28. Sonnet 44: Elizabeth Browning
Beloved, thou hast brought me many flowers
Plucked in the garden, all the summer through
And winter, and it seemed as if they grew
In this close room, nor missed the sun and showers,
So, in the like name of that love of ours,
Take back these thoughts which here unfolded too,
And which on warm and cold days I withdrew
From my heart’s ground. Indeed, those beds and bowers
Be overgrown with bitter weeds and rue,
And wait thy weeding; yet here’s eglantine,
Here’s ivy!— take them, as I used to do
Thy flowers, and keep them where they shall not pine.
Instruct thine eyes to keep their colours true,
And tell thy soul, their roots are left in mine.

29. If you were the persona`s
beloved, what would be
your response to the
sonnet?

30. Learning Targets
• distinguish elements of poetry;
• recognize literary devices;
• interpret poems with the help of its
elements; and
• answer with the application of right
manner