ELEMENTS LESSON 4.pptx..................

1. Learning Objectives:
1. Determine the different literary elements, structure
and tradition.
2.) Differentiate literary elements, structure and
tradition through recognizing them in a literary text.
3.) Appreciate the value of literary texts around them
through reading, interpreting, and criticism.

2. Literary Elements,
Structures, and
Traditions

3. • Literature: Can be
written and sometimes
spoken material
• Focuses on study of
literary texts
• Develops independent,
innovative, and creative
learners
• Helps appreciate
aesthetic use of language
• Encourages evaluation
of perspectives and
evidence
• Challenges ideas and
interpretations

4. ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORY

5. CHARACTER

6. CHARACTER: Person or animal
taking part in the story's action
 Types of characters:
• Main characters: Most important to the story
• Minor characters: Usually static or unchanging
 Characters according to Principality
• Protagonist Character: the reader empathizes
with.
• Antagonist Character: opposing the protagonist

7. Characterization
• Method used to reveal character
personality
• Revealed through:
1. Character's actions
2. Character's thoughts
3. Descriptions of the character
4. Descriptions by other characters
5. Author's descriptions

8. S E T T I N G

9. SETTING: Time and place of the story
 Components:
• Place: Geographical location
• Time: When is the story taking place
• Weather conditions (Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc.?)
• Social conditions: Daily life of the characters, local color
• Mood or atmosphere: What feeling is created at the
beginning of the story
 Authors often use descriptions of landscape, scenery,
buildings, seasons or weather to provide a strong sense of
setting.

10. PLOT

11. PLOT: Pattern of events developing
from character interactions
• A plot is a series of events and
character actions that relate to the
central conflict.
• Main action running through the
story

12. Five Elements of Plot

13. 1. Exposition or introduction- the beginning of the story where the
characters and setting is revealed.
2. Rising Action- this is where the events in the story become
complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed (events
between the introduction and climax)
3. Climax- this is the highest point and the turning point of the story.
The readers wonder what will happen next; will the conflict be
resolved or not?
4. Falling Action- the events and complications begin to resolve
themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the
conflict was resolved or not (events between climax and resolution)
5. Conclusion or Resolution- the part of the plot that concludes the
falling action by revealing or suggesting the outcome of the conflict.

15. THEME

16. THEME: Underlying message or big idea of the story
• It pertains to critical belief about life is the author trying to
convey in the writing of a novel, play, short story or poem.
• The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or
view of human nature. The theme is the controlling idea or
the central insight.
• A theme can be expressed as a general statement about
people or life.
• It is NOT plot summary.
• It can be either directly or indirectly stated by the author.
Most likely indirectly.

17. Theme vs. Subject
• Subject: Expressed in a word or two (e.g., love, childhood,
death)
• Theme: A statement about the subject
• Examples:

18. Example Text
A drop of water fell out of the cloud into the sea and finding
itself lost in such a vastness of fluid matter, broke out into the
following reflection: “Alas! What an inconsiderable creature am I in
this extraordinary ocean of waters? My existence is of no concern in
the universe; ‘I am reduced to a kind of nothing and am the least of
the works of God”.
It so happened that an oyster which Lay in the drop say the
fables, “lay a great while hardening inside my shell.” Until by degrees
it was ripened into a pearl, falling into the hands of a diver, after a
long series of adventures, is at present that famous pearl which is fixed
on the top of the Persian diadem. Even something that seems
insignificant can ultimately become valuable and important over time.

19. POINT OF VIEW

20. POINT OF VIEW (POV): Angle from which the story
is told
 Four types of POV:
1. First person: "I" am telling my story
"As I step into the room, a chill runs through
me from the open window. I can feel
something watching, though I can’t see it."

21. POINT OF VIEW (POV): Angle from which the story
is told
 Four types of POV:
2. Second person: Story told to "you" (rare in
fiction)
"As you step into the room, you can feel a chill
from the open window. You know something is
watching you, even though you can't see it."

22. POINT OF VIEW (POV): Angle from which the story
is told
 Four types of POV:
3. Third person limited: Story about "he, she, it,
they”. The narrator shows the story but not what
characters are thinking.
"As she stepped into the room, she felt a chill
from the open window. She sensed that
something was watching, though it was nowhere
to be seen."

23. POINT OF VIEW (POV): Angle from which the story
is told
 Four types of POV:
4. Third person omniscient: Narrator knows all
characters' thoughts
"As she stepped into the room, a chill ran
through her and give her fear, unaware of the
figure watching from the shadows. Both
waited, each knowing the next move would
change everything."

25. “I LOOKED UP AT THE TERRACE,
AND SAW JULIET, MY LOVE, AS
BEAUTIFUL AS THE SUN, LOOKING
DOWN ON ME.”
-FIRST PERSON-

26. “WHEN YOU LOOKED UP AT THE
TERRACE AND SAW JULIET, YOU
WOULD THINK THAT SHE WAS AS
BEAUTIFUL AS THE SUN.”
- SECOND PERSON

27. Literary Tradition: Definitions
Accumulative
process of
handing down
texts
Selective process
of identifying
valuable works
for future
generations

28. Literary Tradition: Introduction
Vast historic and
geographic range
of literature
Provides access to
lives, thoughts,
and experiences
across time and
space
Transcends
temporal,
geographic, and
linguistic
boundaries

29. Oral vs. Written Tradition
Oral transmission:
Knowledge passed by
word of mouth
Written tradition
(literacy):
Doesn't require direct contact
between sender and receiver
Allows engagement with
ancient and distant writers

30. Importance of Literary Tradition
Preserves cultural heritage
Provides continuity of ideas and values
Influences contemporary literature
Offers insights into human nature and society
Shapes literary canon

32. Example: Bikol Creation Story
• "On the Origin of Earth and Man"
• Illustrates elements of short story and literary tradition
• Demonstrates how myths explain natural phenomena

33. Characters in "On the Origin of Earth and Man"
• Protagonists: Bulan and Adlao (brothers)
• Antagonist: Bulan (challenges Adlao)
• Characterization through actions and dialogue

34. Plot of "On the Origin of Earth and Man"
• Exposition: Introduction of brothers in the sky
• Rising Action: Bulan's challenge and fight
• Climax: Adlao injures Bulan
• Falling Action: Bulan flees, pursued by Adlao
• Resolution: Creation of earth, seas, and humans

35. Setting and Theme in the Bikol Story
• Setting: The sky, before the creation of earth
• Themes:
• Origin of the world
• Consequences of pride and conflict
• Balance of power in nature

36. Point of View and Literary Tradition
• Third-person omniscient POV
• Part of Bikol literary tradition
• Reflects cultural beliefs and values
• Demonstrates how myths explain natural phenomena

37. Conclusion: Importance of Literary Elements and
Tradition
• Understanding elements enhances story comprehension
• Literary traditions provide cultural context
• Analyzing stories develops critical thinking skills
• Appreciation of literature leads to broader worldview
• Encourages exploration of diverse cultural narratives