Thermoelectric coolers operate using the Peltier effect where running a current through the device transfers heat from one side to the other, cooling one side below room temperature. While thermoelectric coolers have applications in military, medical, and scientific equipment due to their compact size, they are limited to low heat applications and have lower efficiency compared to vapor compression systems. Research is ongoing to develop more environmentally friendly refrigerants and systems to replace older halogenated refrigerants.

1. THERMO-ELECTRIC REFRIGERATION:
(CASE STUDY)
 Thermoelectric coolers operate by the peltier effect .
The device has two sides, and when a DC electric
current flows through the device, it brings heat from
one side to the other, so that one side gets cooler
wile the other gets hotter. The “hot” side is attached
to a heat sink so that it remains at ambient
temperature, while the cool side goes below room
temperature. In special applications, multi coolers
can be cascaded together for lower temperature, but
overall efficiency drops significantly.

3.  MAJOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS
- Include equipment used by military, medical, industrial, consumer,
scientific/Laboratory and telecommunications organizations.
 LIMITATIONS OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLING
- Able to dissipate limited amount of heat flux
- Lower C.O.P (coefficient of potential) as compared to VC system
- Relegated to low heat flux applications
- More total heat to remove than without a TEC

4.  The field of refrigeration and air-conditioning has undergone tremendous changes in the last
century. More and more new refrigerants having improved properties are being produced globally.
Research in this field is now directed towards producing better environment friendly refrigerants
and in replacing old refrigeration systems using halogenated refrigerants with the newer ones. The
scientists concluded that these two methods are the best methods for the refrigeration in which
these are very high eco refrigeration processes.
 At present, R-410A, R-32, R-134A, R-290, R-600(A) etc. Are the best eco friendly refrigerants
than the other
 These refrigerants are very low in ozone layer depletion and global warming potential. But there is
strong support for the principles used in these technologies