EDM is a recent machining technique used to cut metals which can’t be cut with traditional methods. EDM works with materials of electrical conductivity.
it is a presentation on electrical discharge machining which is new method for machining hard conductive materials which are difficult to machine with old technique of machining. it does not cause wear of tool.
EDM is a recent machining technique used to cut metals which can’t be cut with traditional methods. EDM works with materials of electrical conductivity.
it is a presentation on electrical discharge machining which is new method for machining hard conductive materials which are difficult to machine with old technique of machining. it does not cause wear of tool.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. WHAT IS EDM?
Electrical Discharge Machining
Used on hard metals
works with electrically conductive materials
3. HISTORY OF EDM
In1770s, discovered by Joseph Priestly.
Developed in the mid 1970s
In the mid 1980s, the EDM techniques were transferred to a machine tool
Today,it is a viable technique that helped shape the metal working industry.
4. ACCESSORIES
surface plate
dial indicator
surface gage
drop indicators
sine plate
pin gage set
gage block set
tooling ball set
precision vise
and various electrode holders
7. WHEN TO USE EDM
Where deep cutting is required
In unattended cutting
For high-expertise parts
Where EDM finish is specified
For hard materials
For sharp inside corners
For the most complex geometry
8. HOW EDM WORKS?
o Uses very powerful sparks (~3x106 V/m)
o Series of rapidly recurring
charges
o Electroerosion
o Remove excess by fluid
flow
9. SPARKS
The phenomena “Breakdown” occurs
A path for the current through dielectric
Locally 10-15.000 ºC
Ionize the fluid
Metal melts or vaporizes
10. PULSING SPARKS
Periodically striking ( >100.000 sparks/sec)
More accurate maching
Controlling the on-off for optimization
On time Off time
11. WIRE EDM
Needs wire feed
Can work overnight
Impossible to have narrower gap than the wire
Can be close to wire diameter
12. Voltage changes with distance
Distance must be controlled
Manufacturer programs do all the work
Promising method with oscilloscope
13. TOOL EROSION (WEAR)
Tool is also eroded
It can be replaced (wire feed)
Affects the shape of workpiece
Can be proceed with negative-piece
Reverse polarity electoplating
Deposits the eroded graphite back
14. EDM IS A MACHINING METHOD
TYPICALLYUSED FOR HARD METALS WHICH
ARE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE.
IT MAKES POSSIBLE TO WORK WITH
METALS FOR WHICH TRADITIONAL
MACHINING TECHNIQUESARE INEFFECTIVE.
15. EDM can be used to make fixtures, collets and jet engine blade slots, mold
cooling ribs and reinforcing ribs. This fact makes wire and ram EDMs ideal for
making magnetic reader heads for missiles, artificial joints, turbine blades and
car engine prototypes (bgpeck)
Engine Turbine Blades
16. APPLICATIONS
Prototype production
The EDM process is most widely used by the mould-making tool and die industries,
but is becoming a common method of making prototype and production
parts,especially in the aerospace, automobile and electronics industries in which
production quantities are relatively low.
Metal disintegration machining
Several manufacturers produce EDM machines for the specific purpose of removing
broken tools (drill bits or taps) from work pieces. In this application, the process is
termed "metal disintegration machining".
17. COINAGE DIE MAKING
This type of EDM is usually performed submerged in an oil-based dielectric. The
finished object may be further refined by hard (glass) or soft (paint) enameling
and/or electroplated with pure gold or nickel. Softer materials such as silver may
be hand engraved as a refinement.
Master at top, badge die workpiece at bottom,oil jets at left (oil has been
drained).Initial flat stamping will be"dapped" to give a curved surface.
18. Small hole drilling
On wire-cut EDM machines, small hole drilling EDM is used to make a through
hole in a workpiece in through which to thread the wire for the wire-cut EDM
operation. A separate EDM head specifically for small hole drilling is mounted
on a wire-cut machine and allows large hardened plates to have finished parts
eroded from them as needed and without pre-drilling.
A blade with internal cooling as applied in the highpressure turbine
19. EXAMPLES OF USE
Slots, keyways, square & hex drives
Gears, splines
Small or deep holes, especially in hardened
Removal of broken taps and drills
Hard tapping
Machining of carbide
Application of textured surface finish
20. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
EDM is a method of machining parts that cannot be done by conventional
machines.
“Since the tool does not touch the workpiece, there are no cutting forces
generated; therefore, very fragile parts can be machined” .
The shape and also the hardness of the materials being used make EDM
ideal.
21. SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF EDM
INCLUDE MACHINING OF:
Complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult to produce with
conventional cutting tools
Extremely hard material to very close tolerances
Very small work pieces where conventional cutting tools may damage the
part from excess cutting tool pressure.
22. SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF EDM
INCLUDE MACHINING OF:
Intricate & complex details are possible
Internal corners down to R .001" [.025mm]
Small features down to .004" [.10mm]
Very high accuracy attainable
Precise control of surface finish
No cutting forces
Virtually no geometric limitations
23. SOME OF THE DISADVANTAGES OF EDM
INCLUDE:
The slow rate of material removal.
The additional time and cost used for creating electrodes for ram/sinker
EDM.
Specific power consumption is very high.
Power consumption is high.
24. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EDM
VERSUS TRADITIONAL MACHINING
ohandles delicate tasks
omay cut or drill very hard
materials
ohighly accurate
overy small kerf for
owire EDM
oproduces complex, deep, or 3-D
shapes
ono burrs
oelectrode wear
oslow cutting rates
othin, brittle heat-
affected zone
Advantages Disadvantages