ELECTRICAL SAFETY LINTEX

ELECTRICAL SAFETYELECTRICAL SAFETY
AWARENESS TRAININGAWARENESS TRAINING
LINTEX INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, OULWATEDOLINTEX INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, OULWATEDO
VILLAGE, OFF LAGOS-IBADAN EXPRESSWAY,VILLAGE, OFF LAGOS-IBADAN EXPRESSWAY,
MOWE, LAGOS.MOWE, LAGOS.

TRAINING OUTLINETRAINING OUTLINE
• PurposePurpose
• Basic Concepts of ElectricityBasic Concepts of Electricity
• Hazard RecognitionHazard Recognition
• Effects of Electricity on the Human BodyEffects of Electricity on the Human Body
• Electrical Hazard ProtectionElectrical Hazard Protection
• How to Respond/Report a ProblemHow to Respond/Report a Problem
• Supervisor ResponsibilitiesSupervisor Responsibilities
• Employee ResponsibilitiesEmployee Responsibilities

PURPOSEPURPOSE
• Raise your awareness to potential electrical hazards.Raise your awareness to potential electrical hazards.
• Instruct you on how to recognize electrical hazards.Instruct you on how to recognize electrical hazards.
• Provide ways to eliminate, remove, and prevent electrical hazards in theProvide ways to eliminate, remove, and prevent electrical hazards in the
workplace.workplace.

BASIC CONCEPTS OFBASIC CONCEPTS OF
ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY
• Electricity is the flow ofElectricity is the flow of
electrons (current) through aelectrons (current) through a
conductor.conductor.
• Requires a source of power:Requires a source of power:
usually a generating station.usually a generating station.
• Travels in a closed circuit.Travels in a closed circuit.
• When you become part of theWhen you become part of the
circuit, the injury may be fatal.circuit, the injury may be fatal.

HAZARD RECOGNITIONHAZARD RECOGNITION
• Cords & EquipmentCords & Equipment
• Power tools andPower tools and
extension cords must beextension cords must be
inspected each timeinspected each time
they are used.they are used.
• They must be taken outThey must be taken out
of service immediatelyof service immediately
upon discovery of wornupon discovery of worn
or broken insulation.or broken insulation.

• Cords & EquipmentCords & Equipment
• Visually inspect electrical equipment before each use forVisually inspect electrical equipment before each use for
damage and/or external defects such as loose, missing ordamage and/or external defects such as loose, missing or
deformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets ordeformed parts, pinched or crushed outer jackets or
insulation. This type of external damage may indicateinsulation. This type of external damage may indicate
internal damage to the equipment.internal damage to the equipment.
• Electrical cords that are worn or damaged must be replacedElectrical cords that are worn or damaged must be replaced
without delay.without delay.
• Before cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplugBefore cleaning electrical equipment, turn it off and unplug
it.it.

• Electrical PanelsElectrical Panels
• Electric panels must beElectric panels must be
kept clear of anykept clear of any
obstructions at allobstructions at all
times.times.

• Trip HazardsTrip Hazards
• Don’t cause trippingDon’t cause tripping
hazards or create pinchhazards or create pinch
points for cords.points for cords.
• If you must run a cordIf you must run a cord
temporarily across thetemporarily across the
floor, protect your co-floor, protect your co-
workers by coveringworkers by covering
the cord appropriately.the cord appropriately.

• Exposed WiringExposed Wiring
• Assume all exposedAssume all exposed
wiring is energizedwiring is energized
until proven otherwise.until proven otherwise.
• Stop, protect the area,Stop, protect the area,
and contact supervisionand contact supervision
if you encounter thisif you encounter this
situation.situation.

• Power StripsPower Strips
• Never daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging intoNever daisy chain multi-outlet strips (plugging into
each other)each other)

• Junction boxes, pull boxes,Junction boxes, pull boxes,
and fittings must haveand fittings must have
approved covers in place.approved covers in place.
• Unused openings inUnused openings in
cabinets, boxes, andcabinets, boxes, and
fittings must be closed (nofittings must be closed (no
missing knockouts).missing knockouts).

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ONEFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY ON
THE HUMAN BODYTHE HUMAN BODY
• The four major types of electrical injuries are:The four major types of electrical injuries are:
• DirectDirect
• ElectrocutionElectrocution
• Electrical ShockElectrical Shock
• BurnsBurns
• IndirectIndirect
• FallsFalls

THE HUMAN BODY:THE HUMAN BODY:
ELECTRICAL SHOCKELECTRICAL SHOCK
• Received when current passesReceived when current passes
through the body.through the body.
• Severity of the shock dependsSeverity of the shock depends
on:on:
• Path of current throughPath of current through
the body.the body.
• Amount of currentAmount of current
flowing through theflowing through the
body.body.
• Length of time theLength of time the
body is in the circuit.body is in the circuit.

• Range of currents lasting 1 second will illicit the following reactions:Range of currents lasting 1 second will illicit the following reactions:
• 1 milliamp1 milliamp
• Just a faint tingle.Just a faint tingle.
• 5 milliamps5 milliamps
• Slight shock felt. Most people can let go.Slight shock felt. Most people can let go.
• 6-30 milliamps6-30 milliamps
• Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is thePainful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the
range were “freezing current” starts. It may not berange were “freezing current” starts. It may not be
possible to let go.possible to let go.

• 50-150 milliamps50-150 milliamps
• Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest, (breathingExtremely painful shock, respiratory arrest, (breathing
stops) and severe muscle contractions. Death is possible.stops) and severe muscle contractions. Death is possible.
• 1,000-4,300 milliamps (1-4.3 amps)1,000-4,300 milliamps (1-4.3 amps)
• Arrhythmic heart pumping action, muscles contract, andArrhythmic heart pumping action, muscles contract, and
nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.
• 10,000+ milliamps (10 amps)10,000+ milliamps (10 amps)
• Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death isCardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is
probable.probable.

ELECTRICAL SHOCKELECTRICAL SHOCK• The longer the exposure, the increased danger of shock to the victim.The longer the exposure, the increased danger of shock to the victim.
• Low voltage can be extremely dangerous because the degree of injuryLow voltage can be extremely dangerous because the degree of injury
depends not only on the current, but on the length of time in contactdepends not only on the current, but on the length of time in contact
with the circuit.with the circuit.
• Example:Example:
• A current of 100mA applied for 3 seconds is asA current of 100mA applied for 3 seconds is as
dangerous as 900mA applied for 0.03 seconds.dangerous as 900mA applied for 0.03 seconds.
• Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard.Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard.

• High voltages lead to additional injuries suchHigh voltages lead to additional injuries such
as:as:
• Violent muscular contractionsViolent muscular contractions
• Muscle contractions may cause bone fracturesMuscle contractions may cause bone fractures
from either contractions themselves or fromfrom either contractions themselves or from
falls.falls.
• Internal bleeding, destruction of tissues, nerves andInternal bleeding, destruction of tissues, nerves and
muscles.muscles.

ELECTRICAL BURNSELECTRICAL BURNS
• The most common shock related, nonfatal injury is a burn.The most common shock related, nonfatal injury is a burn.
• Burns caused by electricity may be of three types:Burns caused by electricity may be of three types:
• Electrical burnsElectrical burns
• Arc burnsArc burns
• Thermal contact burnsThermal contact burns
• Electrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.Electrical burns need to be given immediate medical attention.

ELECTRICAL BURNSELECTRICAL BURNS
• Electrical burns occur when a personElectrical burns occur when a person
touches electrical wiring or equipmenttouches electrical wiring or equipment
that is used or maintained improperly.that is used or maintained improperly.
• Typically such burns occur on theTypically such burns occur on the
hands.hands.
• Clothing may catch on fire and aClothing may catch on fire and a
thermal burn may result for the heat ofthermal burn may result for the heat of
the fire.the fire.

THE HUMAN BODY: ARC-BLASTTHE HUMAN BODY: ARC-BLAST
• An arc-blast is a luminousAn arc-blast is a luminous
electrical discharge that occurselectrical discharge that occurs
when high voltages exist acrosswhen high voltages exist across
a gap between conductors anda gap between conductors and
current travels through the air.current travels through the air.
• Temperatures as high as 35,000Temperatures as high as 35,000
F have been reached in arc-F have been reached in arc-
blasts.blasts.

THE HUMAN BODY: FALLSTHE HUMAN BODY: FALLS
• Electric shock can also causeElectric shock can also cause
indirect injuries.indirect injuries.
• Workers in elevated locationsWorkers in elevated locations
who experience a shock maywho experience a shock may
fall, resulting in serious injury orfall, resulting in serious injury or
death.death.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDELECTRICAL HAZARD
PROTECTIONSPROTECTIONS
• InsulationInsulation
• GroundingGrounding
• GuardingGuarding
• Electrical protective devicesElectrical protective devices
• Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
• Safe work practicesSafe work practices

• InsulationInsulation
• Plastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.Plastic or rubber coverings that does not conduct electricity.
• Insulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people thusInsulation prevents live wires from coming in contact with people thus
protecting them form electrical shock.protecting them form electrical shock.

•
GroundingGrounding
• Grounding is anotherGrounding is another
method of protectingmethod of protecting
you from electricyou from electric
shock.shock.
• However, it is normallyHowever, it is normally
a secondary protectivea secondary protective
measure.measure.

• GroundingGrounding
• The "ground" refers to a conductive body, usually the earth, and means aThe "ground" refers to a conductive body, usually the earth, and means a
conductive connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which anconductive connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an
electric circuit or equipment is connected to earth or the ground plane.electric circuit or equipment is connected to earth or the ground plane.
• By "grounding" a tool or electrical system, a low-resistance path to theBy "grounding" a tool or electrical system, a low-resistance path to the
earth is intentionally created.earth is intentionally created.

• GuardingGuarding
• A type of isolation thatA type of isolation that
uses various structures touses various structures to
close off live electricalclose off live electrical
parts.parts.
• These structures include:These structures include:
• BoxesBoxes
• ScreensScreens
• CoversCovers
• PartitionsPartitions

• Fuses and Circuit BreakersFuses and Circuit Breakers
• Fuses and circuit breakers are intended primarilyFuses and circuit breakers are intended primarily
for the protection of conductors and equipment.for the protection of conductors and equipment.
• They prevent over-heating of wires andThey prevent over-heating of wires and
components that might otherwise create hazards forcomponents that might otherwise create hazards for
operators.operators.
• They also open the circuit under certain hazardousThey also open the circuit under certain hazardous
ground-fault conditions.ground-fault conditions.

• Foot protectionFoot protection
• Footwear will be markedFootwear will be marked
“EH” if it’s approved for“EH” if it’s approved for
electrical work.electrical work.
• EH = Electrical HazardEH = Electrical Hazard
• Footwear must be keptFootwear must be kept
dry, even if it is markeddry, even if it is marked
“EH”“EH”

• Personal ProtectivePersonal Protective
EquipmentEquipment
• Head protectionHead protection
• Hard hat (insulated -Hard hat (insulated -
nonconductive)nonconductive)
• Class B & E.Class B & E.
• Always wear your hatAlways wear your hat
with the bill forward.with the bill forward.
• Do not store anythingDo not store anything
in the top of your hatin the top of your hat
while wearing it.while wearing it.

• Personal ProtectivePersonal Protective
EquipmentEquipment
• Hand protectionHand protection
• Rubber insulating gloves.Rubber insulating gloves.
• Classified by the level ofClassified by the level of
voltage and protection theyvoltage and protection they
provide.provide.
• Should always be worn overShould always be worn over
rubber insulating gloves torubber insulating gloves to
provide the mechanicalprovide the mechanical
protection needed against cuts,protection needed against cuts,
abrasions, and puncturesabrasions, and punctures..

• Use, store and maintain your electrical PPE in a safe, reliable condition.Use, store and maintain your electrical PPE in a safe, reliable condition.
• Wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of headWear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head
injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energizedinjury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized
parts.parts.
• Wear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger ofWear protective equipment for the eyes or face wherever there is danger of
injury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flyinginjury to the eyes or face from electric arcs or flashes or from flying
objects resulting from electrical explosion.objects resulting from electrical explosion.

• Electrical PPE with any of the following defectsElectrical PPE with any of the following defects
may not be used:may not be used:
• If holes, tears, punctures, or cuts are present.If holes, tears, punctures, or cuts are present.
• Texture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, orTexture changes: Swelling, softening, hardening, or
becoming sticky or inelastic.becoming sticky or inelastic.
• An embedded foreign object.An embedded foreign object.
• Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.Any other defect that damages the insulating properties.

WORK PRACTICESWORK PRACTICES
• Lock out and Tag out circuits and equipment.Lock out and Tag out circuits and equipment.
• Shut off the circuit.Shut off the circuit.
• Lock and tag out the circuit at the distribution panel.Lock and tag out the circuit at the distribution panel.
• Test the circuit to make sure it’s de-energized.Test the circuit to make sure it’s de-energized.
• Using appropriate personal protective equipmentUsing appropriate personal protective equipment
• Wear safety glasses to avoid eye injury.Wear safety glasses to avoid eye injury.
• Wear proper foot protection.Wear proper foot protection.
• Wear a hard hat.Wear a hard hat.
• Follow the manufacturer’s directions for cleaning/maintaining PPE.Follow the manufacturer’s directions for cleaning/maintaining PPE.

WORK PRACTICESWORK PRACTICES
• Do not work in wet conditions.Do not work in wet conditions.
• Avoid overhead power lines.Avoid overhead power lines.
• Use proper wiring and connectorsUse proper wiring and connectors
• Avoid overloading circuits.Avoid overloading circuits.
• Make sure switches and insulation are in good condition.Make sure switches and insulation are in good condition.
• Never use a three prong plug with the third prong broken off.Never use a three prong plug with the third prong broken off.

HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT AHOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A
PROBLEMPROBLEM
• Do not panic; remain calmDo not panic; remain calm
• In the event of a personal injury:In the event of a personal injury:
• Call 911 immediatelyCall 911 immediately
• If a person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricityIf a person is being shocked, turn of the source of electricity
• Do not touch someone being shockedDo not touch someone being shocked
• Remove the person away from the electrical source using a non-Remove the person away from the electrical source using a non-
conductive materialconductive material
• Notify your supervisorNotify your supervisor

HOW TO RESPOND/REPORT AHOW TO RESPOND/REPORT A
PROBLEMPROBLEM
• In the event of an electrical fire:In the event of an electrical fire:
• Activate the fire alarm systemActivate the fire alarm system
• Do not use a Type A, water extinguisherDo not use a Type A, water extinguisher
• If you know how to use an extinguisher, use a COIf you know how to use an extinguisher, use a CO22 or dry chemical fireor dry chemical fire
extinguisherextinguisher
• Alert everyone in the area to evacuateAlert everyone in the area to evacuate
• If you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, leave the area and closeIf you are not sure about using a fire extinguisher, leave the area and close
any doors behind youany doors behind you
• Wait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arriveWait for the Fire Dept. personnel to arrive

LAST WORDS!!!LAST WORDS!!!
• IF AT ALL IN DOUBT, ASKIF AT ALL IN DOUBT, ASK
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

ELECTRICAL SAFETY LINTEX

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