This document describes a pendulum power generator that converts the oscillating motion of a pendulum into electrical energy. The pendulum is attached to a supporting frame and suspended between two magnets of the same polarity. When displaced and released, the pendulum oscillates back and forth due to gravitational restoring forces. A connecting rod transfers the pendulum's linear motion to a crank disc, which converts it into rotational motion. The rotating crank is coupled to a low RPM generator to produce electricity. Sample calculations estimate the magnetic field strength of the magnets, force generated by the pendulum, torque produced, oscillation period, and electrical power output of 15.39 watts. The pendulum power generator provides a renewable energy source
Study on Inertia through Experiment on Inertia-Engine Designed and Built to F...IJMERJOURNAL
1. The document describes an experiment conducted using an "inertia-engine" designed to test theories about the origin of inertia and gravity.
2. Unexpected observations from testing the inertia-engine included an inverse relationship between load on the input motor and output alternator. This violated Newton's third law of motion.
3. The observations are hypothesized to indicate that acceleration of mass causes gradients or curvature in spacetime itself. Both inertia and gravity may originate from disturbances to the spacetime field caused by accelerated or massive bodies.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Vibrations are oscillations in mechanical systems that can occur freely without external forces. While some vibrations cause problems, others can be beneficial. The role of vibration analysis is to model and predict potential problems to inform design modifications before manufacturing. Modeling vibrations accurately is challenging and requires considering different levels of complexity depending on assumptions about system rigidity and mass distributions. Linear systems obey the principle of superposition, which will guide the course's focus on analyzing free and forced vibrations of linear systems using generalized coordinates to describe particle kinematics.
This document discusses single degree of freedom systems undergoing free vibration. It defines free vibration as oscillation under an initial disturbance with no external forces acting afterwards. It describes degree of freedom as the number of independent coordinates needed to define a system's configuration. For a single degree of freedom system, only one coordinate is required. The document also discusses natural frequency, equivalent spring systems, energy methods, phase plane analysis, and Newton's method for analyzing single degree of freedom vibratory systems.
1) This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on force and motion, including Newton's three laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
2) Newton's first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. His second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. His third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3) Other concepts covered include momentum, buoyancy, friction, and the law of conservation of momentum.
The document discusses undamped free vibration in machinery. It defines undamped free vibration as vibration of a system with no external damping forces after an initial displacement. It describes methods to determine the natural frequency of vibrating systems including the equilibrium method, energy method, and Rayleigh's method. The equilibrium method uses D'Alembert's principle. The energy method equates kinetic and potential energy. Rayleigh's method equates maximum kinetic and potential energy. Examples of undamped free transverse and torsional vibration are also presented and the equations for their natural frequencies are derived.
Abstract: Rain drops possesses kinetic energy as they descend gradually from the clouds. This kinetic energy can be utilized to generate electricity by use of piezoelectric materials. This paper illustrates the behavior and the procurable energy of the raindrops. A prototype to harness energy theoretical and experimentally study is also made. The material used is PVDF (Polyvinylidene Difluoride).the simulation of rainfall drop deflection is done by ANSYS.
This document provides instructions for navigating a presentation on circular motion and gravitation. It outlines how to view the presentation as a slideshow, advance through slides, access resources from the resources slide, and exit the slideshow. The document also lists the chapter's objectives, sections, and sample problems. Key concepts covered include centripetal acceleration and force, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and torque.
Study on Inertia through Experiment on Inertia-Engine Designed and Built to F...IJMERJOURNAL
1. The document describes an experiment conducted using an "inertia-engine" designed to test theories about the origin of inertia and gravity.
2. Unexpected observations from testing the inertia-engine included an inverse relationship between load on the input motor and output alternator. This violated Newton's third law of motion.
3. The observations are hypothesized to indicate that acceleration of mass causes gradients or curvature in spacetime itself. Both inertia and gravity may originate from disturbances to the spacetime field caused by accelerated or massive bodies.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Vibrations are oscillations in mechanical systems that can occur freely without external forces. While some vibrations cause problems, others can be beneficial. The role of vibration analysis is to model and predict potential problems to inform design modifications before manufacturing. Modeling vibrations accurately is challenging and requires considering different levels of complexity depending on assumptions about system rigidity and mass distributions. Linear systems obey the principle of superposition, which will guide the course's focus on analyzing free and forced vibrations of linear systems using generalized coordinates to describe particle kinematics.
This document discusses single degree of freedom systems undergoing free vibration. It defines free vibration as oscillation under an initial disturbance with no external forces acting afterwards. It describes degree of freedom as the number of independent coordinates needed to define a system's configuration. For a single degree of freedom system, only one coordinate is required. The document also discusses natural frequency, equivalent spring systems, energy methods, phase plane analysis, and Newton's method for analyzing single degree of freedom vibratory systems.
1) This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on force and motion, including Newton's three laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
2) Newton's first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. His second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. His third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3) Other concepts covered include momentum, buoyancy, friction, and the law of conservation of momentum.
The document discusses undamped free vibration in machinery. It defines undamped free vibration as vibration of a system with no external damping forces after an initial displacement. It describes methods to determine the natural frequency of vibrating systems including the equilibrium method, energy method, and Rayleigh's method. The equilibrium method uses D'Alembert's principle. The energy method equates kinetic and potential energy. Rayleigh's method equates maximum kinetic and potential energy. Examples of undamped free transverse and torsional vibration are also presented and the equations for their natural frequencies are derived.
Abstract: Rain drops possesses kinetic energy as they descend gradually from the clouds. This kinetic energy can be utilized to generate electricity by use of piezoelectric materials. This paper illustrates the behavior and the procurable energy of the raindrops. A prototype to harness energy theoretical and experimentally study is also made. The material used is PVDF (Polyvinylidene Difluoride).the simulation of rainfall drop deflection is done by ANSYS.
This document provides instructions for navigating a presentation on circular motion and gravitation. It outlines how to view the presentation as a slideshow, advance through slides, access resources from the resources slide, and exit the slideshow. The document also lists the chapter's objectives, sections, and sample problems. Key concepts covered include centripetal acceleration and force, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and torque.
1) Momentum of an object is defined as its mass multiplied by its velocity. According to Newton's second law, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the net force acting on an object.
2) The total momentum of an isolated system of objects is conserved. During collisions, colliding objects can be treated as an isolated system if external forces are small enough to be ignored.
3) In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In inelastic collisions, some kinetic energy is lost, such as being converted to heat. Completely inelastic collisions result in the objects sticking together afterwards.
This document summarizes key concepts in vibration of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. It discusses the generalized model of SDOF systems and provides examples. It then covers the differential equations of motion for SDOF systems using Newton's law and the energy method in the time domain. Specific examples are given for mass-spring, simple pendulum, and cantilever beam systems. Considerations for equivalent mass and stiffness of springs are also addressed.
Vibration is defined as mechanical oscillations of a system about an equilibrium position. There are three main components of a vibratory system: a spring or elasticity, a mass or inertia, and a damper. Vibrations can be classified in several ways, including by the direction of motion as longitudinal, transverse, or torsional vibrations. Vibrations can also be classified as free or forced depending on whether an external force is applied. Additionally, vibrations can be classified as undamped, damped, linear, or nonlinear depending on factors like energy loss and the behavior of system components.
This document summarizes key terms and concepts related to dynamics of machines including:
1. Basic terms like time period, frequency, angular frequency, and phase of vibration.
2. Classifications of vibration such as free vs forced, damped vs undamped, linear vs non-linear, and deterministic vs random vibration.
3. Components of vibrating systems including springs, masses, and dampers. Equations of motion and natural frequency are derived using various methods.
4. Types of damping and classifications of damped systems based on damping ratio are discussed.
This document appears to be an assignment on momentum and collisions submitted by a student named AFGAAB. It includes definitions of key concepts like momentum, impulse, Newton's second law of motion, and the law of conservation of momentum. It also provides examples of calculating momentum and solving problems involving collisions between objects using the conservation of momentum principle. The assignment contains diagrams and solutions to sample problems.
This document discusses forced harmonic motion modelling. It describes free vibration versus forced vibration, undamped versus damped systems, and common spring, mass, and damping elements. It provides the example of the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge due to resonant wind forces that matched the bridge's natural frequency. The document outlines modelling a spring-mass system to represent a real system and describes external forcing, base excitation, and rotor excitation models. It concludes with the equation of motion for an externally forced system using Newton's laws of motion.
For SHM, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. The period is the time required for one cycle, and the frequency is the number of cycles per second. Period for a mass on a spring: SHM is sinusoidal. During SHM, the total energy is continually changing from kinetic to potential and back. Waves transport energy and may interfere constructively or destructively; standing waves occur at resonant frequencies on fixed strings.
This document discusses the magnetic properties of materials. Some key points:
1. Magnetic properties are studied using parameters like magnetic dipoles, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and permeability. Materials respond differently to external magnetic fields based on these properties.
2. The magnetic moment of a material arises from the orbital and spin motions of electrons and the nuclear spin. Only partially filled electron shells contribute to the net magnetic moment.
3. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic based on their magnetic ordering and response to external fields. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit spontaneous magnetization from internal fields arising via exchange interactions between domains.
4. H
Type of Questions Included:
⇒ Choose the correct alternative
⇒ Conceptual questions
Topics Included:
⇒ Kepler's laws of planetary motion
⇒ The universal law of gravitation
⇒ Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
⇒ Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential
⇒ Escape velocity
⇒ Orbital velocity of a satellite
⇒ Geo-stationary satellites
The document discusses various topics related to vibration including:
1. Vibration is important to study due to issues it can cause like wear and tear of machine parts, but it also has useful purposes like in vibration testing equipment and conveyors.
2. Vibrations are classified as free or forced, linear or non-linear, damped or undamped, deterministic or random, and longitudinal, transverse, or torsional.
3. Harmonic motion is periodic motion where the motion repeats at equal time intervals and can be represented by sine and cosine functions.
This document discusses driven harmonic oscillators. It explains that a damped oscillator will slow down over time due to friction, but an external driving force can counteract this and sustain the oscillations. Resonance occurs when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system. Under resonance conditions, the amplitude of the oscillation will not decrease as the system is absorbing energy at the same rate it is losing it. The driving force can be represented by a harmonic function.
Er. Muhammad Zaroon Shakeel
Vibration Analysis Lectures
Book : S.S.RAO
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
University of Central Punjab - Lahore
This chapter discusses circular motion, gravitation, and other related topics. It explains that an object in uniform circular motion has centripetal acceleration towards the center of the circle. For an object to undergo uniform circular motion, there must be a net centripetal force acting on it. Newton's law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects. Satellites are able to stay in orbit around Earth due to their high tangential speed, which allows them to continually fall towards Earth but remain in orbit.
this slide deals with the basic concepts related to mechanical vibrations for more information you can go through any mechanical vibration book available for engineering students
This document discusses mechanical vibrations and provides definitions and classifications of vibration terms. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Mechanical vibrations involve the oscillatory motion of bodies and associated forces. All objects with mass and elasticity are capable of vibrating, and the design of engineering machines and structures must consider their oscillatory behavior. Harmonic motion is a specific type of periodic motion where the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position.
This document introduces vibrations and two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) vibration systems. It defines vibration as oscillatory motion caused by a restoring force and describes how vibrations occur in human bodies, vehicles, musical instruments, and rotating machines. The document also classifies vibrations as free or forced, and damped or undamped. It outlines the basic steps to analyze vibrations: 1) develop a mathematical or physical model, 2) derive the equation of motions from the model, and 3) evaluate the system response. Finally, it states that the goal is to derive a mathematical model of a 2DOF vibration system.
This document provides notes on dynamics of machines from a professor at Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology in Coimbatore, India. It covers topics like vibratory motion, types of vibrations including free, forced and damped vibrations. It defines key terms used in vibratory motion like period, cycle, frequency. It describes different types of free vibrations such as longitudinal, transverse and torsional vibrations. Methods to determine the natural frequency of free longitudinal vibration including equilibrium method, energy method and Rayleigh's method are presented. The document also discusses the effect of inertia of constraints in longitudinal vibration and frequency of free damped vibrations. An example problem is given to determine frequency of longitudinal
1. The document discusses various topics related to waves, optics, oscillation, and gravitation. It defines key terms like traveling waves, standing waves, and wave propagation.
2. Important concepts are covered, including the principle of superposition, simple harmonic motion, Newton's laws of gravitation, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these concepts, such as calculating spring oscillation properties and determining values related to a vibrating string and pendulum motion.
This presentation gives an introduction to mechanical vibration or Theory of Vibration for BE courses. Presentation is prepared as per the syllabus of VTU.For any suggestions and criticisms please mail to: hareeshang@gmail.com or visit:ww.hareeshang.wikifoundry.com.
Thanks for watching this presentation.
Hareesha N G
Time and Inter dimensional Traveling KeyIRJET Journal
This document discusses time travel and interdimensional travel through the effects of vibration. It proposes that by understanding vibrations at the subatomic level and their effects on atoms and molecules, one could induce vibrations that allow travel through dimensions. It references theories on the particle-wave nature of light and photons, Einstein's theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, and proposes a "dimensional key" that could make interdimensional travel possible by manipulating vibrations in a way that does not damage molecules. The document aims to explain how precisely controlling vibration frequencies could enable travel through time and dimensions without harming matter at a molecular level.
Electrical Energy Generation By using Pendulum MotionIJARIIT
There are a lot of availability of mechanical energy in the environment. This mechanical energy can be converted into other form of energy like electrical energy. Here we developed a pendulum motion based power generator that sustains its motion with low maintenance providing voltage output peaks from a reciprocating mechanical structure. The reciprocating effect of our device is enhanced by using gear mechanism that is composed of shaft with a dynamo. We demonstrate lighting up a commercial LED light bulb by harvesting mechanical energy of the pendulum oscillation. This paper is a platform of developing a sustainable, low maintenance system to generate electrical energy.
1) Momentum of an object is defined as its mass multiplied by its velocity. According to Newton's second law, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the net force acting on an object.
2) The total momentum of an isolated system of objects is conserved. During collisions, colliding objects can be treated as an isolated system if external forces are small enough to be ignored.
3) In elastic collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. In inelastic collisions, some kinetic energy is lost, such as being converted to heat. Completely inelastic collisions result in the objects sticking together afterwards.
This document summarizes key concepts in vibration of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. It discusses the generalized model of SDOF systems and provides examples. It then covers the differential equations of motion for SDOF systems using Newton's law and the energy method in the time domain. Specific examples are given for mass-spring, simple pendulum, and cantilever beam systems. Considerations for equivalent mass and stiffness of springs are also addressed.
Vibration is defined as mechanical oscillations of a system about an equilibrium position. There are three main components of a vibratory system: a spring or elasticity, a mass or inertia, and a damper. Vibrations can be classified in several ways, including by the direction of motion as longitudinal, transverse, or torsional vibrations. Vibrations can also be classified as free or forced depending on whether an external force is applied. Additionally, vibrations can be classified as undamped, damped, linear, or nonlinear depending on factors like energy loss and the behavior of system components.
This document summarizes key terms and concepts related to dynamics of machines including:
1. Basic terms like time period, frequency, angular frequency, and phase of vibration.
2. Classifications of vibration such as free vs forced, damped vs undamped, linear vs non-linear, and deterministic vs random vibration.
3. Components of vibrating systems including springs, masses, and dampers. Equations of motion and natural frequency are derived using various methods.
4. Types of damping and classifications of damped systems based on damping ratio are discussed.
This document appears to be an assignment on momentum and collisions submitted by a student named AFGAAB. It includes definitions of key concepts like momentum, impulse, Newton's second law of motion, and the law of conservation of momentum. It also provides examples of calculating momentum and solving problems involving collisions between objects using the conservation of momentum principle. The assignment contains diagrams and solutions to sample problems.
This document discusses forced harmonic motion modelling. It describes free vibration versus forced vibration, undamped versus damped systems, and common spring, mass, and damping elements. It provides the example of the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge due to resonant wind forces that matched the bridge's natural frequency. The document outlines modelling a spring-mass system to represent a real system and describes external forcing, base excitation, and rotor excitation models. It concludes with the equation of motion for an externally forced system using Newton's laws of motion.
For SHM, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement. The period is the time required for one cycle, and the frequency is the number of cycles per second. Period for a mass on a spring: SHM is sinusoidal. During SHM, the total energy is continually changing from kinetic to potential and back. Waves transport energy and may interfere constructively or destructively; standing waves occur at resonant frequencies on fixed strings.
This document discusses the magnetic properties of materials. Some key points:
1. Magnetic properties are studied using parameters like magnetic dipoles, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and permeability. Materials respond differently to external magnetic fields based on these properties.
2. The magnetic moment of a material arises from the orbital and spin motions of electrons and the nuclear spin. Only partially filled electron shells contribute to the net magnetic moment.
3. Materials are classified as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic based on their magnetic ordering and response to external fields. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit spontaneous magnetization from internal fields arising via exchange interactions between domains.
4. H
Type of Questions Included:
⇒ Choose the correct alternative
⇒ Conceptual questions
Topics Included:
⇒ Kepler's laws of planetary motion
⇒ The universal law of gravitation
⇒ Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
⇒ Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential
⇒ Escape velocity
⇒ Orbital velocity of a satellite
⇒ Geo-stationary satellites
The document discusses various topics related to vibration including:
1. Vibration is important to study due to issues it can cause like wear and tear of machine parts, but it also has useful purposes like in vibration testing equipment and conveyors.
2. Vibrations are classified as free or forced, linear or non-linear, damped or undamped, deterministic or random, and longitudinal, transverse, or torsional.
3. Harmonic motion is periodic motion where the motion repeats at equal time intervals and can be represented by sine and cosine functions.
This document discusses driven harmonic oscillators. It explains that a damped oscillator will slow down over time due to friction, but an external driving force can counteract this and sustain the oscillations. Resonance occurs when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency of the system. Under resonance conditions, the amplitude of the oscillation will not decrease as the system is absorbing energy at the same rate it is losing it. The driving force can be represented by a harmonic function.
Er. Muhammad Zaroon Shakeel
Vibration Analysis Lectures
Book : S.S.RAO
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering (FOE)
University of Central Punjab - Lahore
This chapter discusses circular motion, gravitation, and other related topics. It explains that an object in uniform circular motion has centripetal acceleration towards the center of the circle. For an object to undergo uniform circular motion, there must be a net centripetal force acting on it. Newton's law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational force between two objects. Satellites are able to stay in orbit around Earth due to their high tangential speed, which allows them to continually fall towards Earth but remain in orbit.
this slide deals with the basic concepts related to mechanical vibrations for more information you can go through any mechanical vibration book available for engineering students
This document discusses mechanical vibrations and provides definitions and classifications of vibration terms. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Mechanical vibrations involve the oscillatory motion of bodies and associated forces. All objects with mass and elasticity are capable of vibrating, and the design of engineering machines and structures must consider their oscillatory behavior. Harmonic motion is a specific type of periodic motion where the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position.
This document introduces vibrations and two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) vibration systems. It defines vibration as oscillatory motion caused by a restoring force and describes how vibrations occur in human bodies, vehicles, musical instruments, and rotating machines. The document also classifies vibrations as free or forced, and damped or undamped. It outlines the basic steps to analyze vibrations: 1) develop a mathematical or physical model, 2) derive the equation of motions from the model, and 3) evaluate the system response. Finally, it states that the goal is to derive a mathematical model of a 2DOF vibration system.
This document provides notes on dynamics of machines from a professor at Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology in Coimbatore, India. It covers topics like vibratory motion, types of vibrations including free, forced and damped vibrations. It defines key terms used in vibratory motion like period, cycle, frequency. It describes different types of free vibrations such as longitudinal, transverse and torsional vibrations. Methods to determine the natural frequency of free longitudinal vibration including equilibrium method, energy method and Rayleigh's method are presented. The document also discusses the effect of inertia of constraints in longitudinal vibration and frequency of free damped vibrations. An example problem is given to determine frequency of longitudinal
1. The document discusses various topics related to waves, optics, oscillation, and gravitation. It defines key terms like traveling waves, standing waves, and wave propagation.
2. Important concepts are covered, including the principle of superposition, simple harmonic motion, Newton's laws of gravitation, and Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate applications of these concepts, such as calculating spring oscillation properties and determining values related to a vibrating string and pendulum motion.
This presentation gives an introduction to mechanical vibration or Theory of Vibration for BE courses. Presentation is prepared as per the syllabus of VTU.For any suggestions and criticisms please mail to: hareeshang@gmail.com or visit:ww.hareeshang.wikifoundry.com.
Thanks for watching this presentation.
Hareesha N G
Time and Inter dimensional Traveling KeyIRJET Journal
This document discusses time travel and interdimensional travel through the effects of vibration. It proposes that by understanding vibrations at the subatomic level and their effects on atoms and molecules, one could induce vibrations that allow travel through dimensions. It references theories on the particle-wave nature of light and photons, Einstein's theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, and proposes a "dimensional key" that could make interdimensional travel possible by manipulating vibrations in a way that does not damage molecules. The document aims to explain how precisely controlling vibration frequencies could enable travel through time and dimensions without harming matter at a molecular level.
Electrical Energy Generation By using Pendulum MotionIJARIIT
There are a lot of availability of mechanical energy in the environment. This mechanical energy can be converted into other form of energy like electrical energy. Here we developed a pendulum motion based power generator that sustains its motion with low maintenance providing voltage output peaks from a reciprocating mechanical structure. The reciprocating effect of our device is enhanced by using gear mechanism that is composed of shaft with a dynamo. We demonstrate lighting up a commercial LED light bulb by harvesting mechanical energy of the pendulum oscillation. This paper is a platform of developing a sustainable, low maintenance system to generate electrical energy.
The document describes a magnetic levitation system that uses an electromagnet to levitate a small magnet. A Hall effect sensor measures the vertical position of the levitating magnet and a digital signal controller controls the current in the electromagnet coil through pulse-width modulation to maintain the magnet's level of levitation. The system provides feedback to stabilize the levitating material's position and compensate for disturbances through varying the current in the electromagnet coil.
The document describes a magnetic levitation system that uses an electromagnet to levitate a small magnet. A Hall effect sensor measures the vertical position of the levitating magnet and a digital signal controller controls the current in the electromagnet coil through pulse-width modulation to maintain the magnet's level of levitation. The system provides feedback to stabilize the levitating material's position and compensate for disturbances through varying the current in the electromagnet coil.
The document provides learning objectives and content about simple harmonic motion, elasticity, and oscillations. It covers topics like:
- Simple harmonic motion concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, energy, and their relationships
- Mass on a spring and other oscillation systems like pendulums
- Elastic deformation, stress, strain, and Hooke's law
The document contains examples, equations, and problems related to these topics of simple harmonic motion and elasticity.
Fundamental of Physics "Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy"Muhammad Faizan Musa
The document discusses potential energy and conservation of energy. It defines potential energy as the energy associated with the configuration of a system where conservative forces act. Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are examined for particle-Earth and spring-block systems. Work done by a conservative force results in a change in potential energy, not depending on the path taken between points. The gravitational and spring forces are identified as conservative forces.
The cyclotron is a device that accelerates charged particles using crossed electric and magnetic fields. It was invented in 1929 by Ernest Lawrence and consists of two hollow metal electrodes called dees placed between the poles of a magnet. Charged particles injected into the dees spiral outward due to the magnetic field while being accelerated by a rapidly alternating electric field. Cyclotrons are used for nuclear experiments and particle therapy for cancer treatment by accelerating beams to high energies.
This document summarizes Dr. Arsalan Arif's Electrical Machine Drives course for the Fall 2022 semester. It discusses control and design of machine drives like induction motors, Vernier machines, and brushless wound rotor synchronous machines. Applications include electric cars and golf carts. The document also lists several of Dr. Arif's publications related to permanent magnet machines and brushless synchronous generators.
1. The document discusses wireless electricity or "witricity", which is the transfer of electric power over distance without wires. It can be done using coupled magnetic resonators to efficiently transfer power in non-radiating fields.
2. Witricity allows devices to be charged without plugging in, and could eliminate the need to replace batteries. Power is transmitted from a charging coil through an inductive magnetic field to a receiving coil.
3. For efficient wireless power transfer, the transmitting and receiving coils must be in "strongly coupled" magnetic resonance. This allows energy to be exchanged efficiently even over some distance between the coils.
1) Protons, neutrons, and electrons have different charges and masses. Protons have a charge of +1, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a charge of -1 but their mass is almost zero.
2) Static electricity occurs when electrons are transferred between objects through friction, leaving one object positively charged and one negatively charged. Opposite charges attract and like charges repel.
3) Lightning is caused by a buildup of static electricity in clouds. Static electricity can be dangerous if it creates sparks near flammable gases or materials. Earthing removes excess static charge to prevent sparking.
This document provides an outline for a course on Mechanical Vibrations. The course will be taught in Semester 1 of 2023 by Dr. E. Shaanika. It will cover fundamental concepts of vibrations including single and multiple degree-of-freedom systems, forced and free vibrations, and damping. Students will learn vibration analysis procedures and applications such as vibration isolation and balancing of rotating machines. The goal is for students to understand vibration fundamentals, analyze vibration problems, and apply concepts to machine and structural design for vibration control. The prescribed textbook is Mechanical Vibrations by Singiresu S. Rao.
The document is a lecture on linear momentum and the linear momentum equation. It begins with definitions of linear momentum and Newton's second and third laws of motion. It then covers the conservation of momentum principle and introduces the general form of the linear momentum equation. Several examples of applying the linear momentum equation to problems involving pipes, nozzles, and hydraulic machines are shown. It also discusses the momentum correction factor and defines key aspects of using a control volume in the linear momentum equation.
Chapter 1-Basic concept in physics-2022-2023- final.pptxHalaHaladaqqa
This document provides an overview of the key concepts that will be covered in a course on basic biomechanics and physics. It includes:
1. An introduction to SI units and physics quantities.
2. Sections on translation and rotational motion of objects, forces and Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, power, pressure, and hydrostatic pressure.
3. A brief outline of the chapters, including mechanics concepts like kinematics, dynamics, statics, and fluids as well as electricity and magnetism fundamentals.
Introduction of electricity,
TYPES O Electricity,
STATIC Electricity,
CURRENT Electricity,
TYPES OF CURRENT,
DC CURRENT,
AC CURRENT,
PARAMETERS OF ECLECTRICITY,
FREQUENCY,
WAVELENGTH,
VELOCITY,
ELECTROTHERAPY
USES OF ELECTROTHERAPY
MODALITIES IN ELECTROTHERAPY
The document discusses various concepts related to work, energy and power including:
- Energy is the ability to do work and can take different forms like kinetic, potential, etc.
- Work is the transfer of energy due to a force over a distance. It is related to energy by work-energy theorems.
- Potential energy is the stored energy an object has due to its position or state. Gravitational and spring potential energy are discussed.
- The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant.
This document discusses wireless charging of electric vehicles using wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. It provides background on WPT and describes how it works using magnetic induction and magnetic resonance to transfer power over distances without physical contact. WPT allows electric vehicles to charge without plugging in, addressing range anxiety. Leading auto manufacturers are developing WPT systems for EVs in collaboration with technology companies. The document reviews different WPT technologies and their potential for wireless EV charging applications.
This document compares the harvesting of energy from vibration using a magnetostrictive material (Metglas2605SC) under harmonic and random excitation. It presents a linear model of a single degree of freedom vibration energy harvesting system (mass-spring-damper) and derives the governing equations. It then analyzes the system under random excitation applied to the support and compares the output current and harvested energy for different substrate materials (silicon, steel, copper, silver, gold). The results show that the output current and power is highest for gold substrates and that random excitation produces lower output current than harmonic excitation for the same copper substrate.
Week 3 OverviewLast week, we covered multiple forces acting on.docxmelbruce90096
This week's overview covers forces in two dimensions, inclined planes, circular motion, and rotation. Specifically:
- Forces in two dimensions are examined, showing how to find the resultant acceleration when two forces act at right angles to each other on an object.
- Uniform circular motion and centripetal acceleration are discussed, along with examples of banking and centripetal force.
- Inclined planes and the forces that act on objects moving up or down a plane are analyzed.
- Projectile motion, where an object moves in a parabolic path due to both horizontal and vertical forces, is introduced.
- Rotational motion, including angular displacement, velocity, acceleration, torque, rotational inertia, and
This document provides an introduction to magnetic levitation and its applications. It discusses the basic principles of magnetism and how magnetic fields are created. It then explains the different types of magnetic levitation, including using permanent magnets, electromagnets, and superconductive magnets. Applications of magnetic levitation that are discussed include novelty toys like levitating globes, fast food toys, and high-speed train transportation systems. Magnetic levitation for trains uses electromagnetic forces from superconducting magnets on the train and coils on the track to both levitate and provide lateral guidance for the train as it moves.
Similar to Electrical Energy Harvesting By Using Pendulum Power Generator (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.