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Elasticsearch Goes to Congress
Indexing law
1
ari@xcential.com
xcential.com
@arihersh
Ari Hershowitz
2
Who am I?
Ari Hershowitz
• Neuroscience, environmental
advocacy, etc (prehistory - 2007)
• Lawyer (Georgetown Law 2007)
• Legal technology (2008 - Now)
• Dad
ari@xcential.com
@arihersh
github.com/aih/FlatGov
blog.linkedlegislation.com
3
My goals today
1. Show how we’re using search in law.
2. Get you to help us do it better.
4
Overview
• A brief history of legal ‘search’
• Unique challenges of search for law
• Our work in Congress and beyond
• A vision for modern legal search
5
6
Lawyers like lists
https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.24203100/
7
Lawyers like lists
8
Incremental indexing
1800’s Shepard’s citator
printed gummed paper
to add to law books to
track new references to
prior law
9
10
Legal search
• Lawyers hate relevancy
Complete >>> sort order
Precision >>> efficiency
• Lawyers hate stop-words: every ‘and’ is sacred
• Legal researchers love booleans
11
Our work
12
Office of the House
Parliamentarian
•Cards listing daily
precedents for more
than 200 years
•Thousands of
precedents
•About 1 Gb of data
Index cards -> SQL -> Elasticsearch
Our work
13
Bill similarity
•Open source
•“Plagiarism” software for
bills in Congress
•Using
Elasticsearch/Lucene
‘more like this’
Bill similarity: one section
14
SEC. 2. IMPROVING ACCESS TO INFLUENTIAL VISITOR ACCESS RECORDS.
(a) Definitions.—In this section:
(1) COVERED LOCATION.—The term “covered location” means—
(A) the White House;
(B) the residence of the Vice President; and
(C) any other location at which the President or the Vice President regularly conducts official business.
(2) COVERED RECORDS.—The term “covered records” means information relating to a visit at a covered location, which shall include—
(A) the name of each visitor at the covered location;
Bill similarity: many sections
15
Bill 116hr1500ih
Sections
1
100
101 => similar sections in other bills
102
200
…
Many ways to calculate cumulative similarity.
Our work
16
State law
•Ingest XML
•Link to sources
•Translate user query to
ES DSL
•Create a user interface
for legal search
Summary
• Law is a natural fit for indexing, search
and similarity metrics
• Small data (1 GB) is important, too
• Stop working on logs and work with us
on legislative text
17

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Elasticsearch Goes to Congress

  • 1. Elasticsearch Goes to Congress Indexing law 1 ari@xcential.com xcential.com @arihersh Ari Hershowitz
  • 2. 2 Who am I? Ari Hershowitz • Neuroscience, environmental advocacy, etc (prehistory - 2007) • Lawyer (Georgetown Law 2007) • Legal technology (2008 - Now) • Dad ari@xcential.com @arihersh github.com/aih/FlatGov blog.linkedlegislation.com
  • 3. 3 My goals today 1. Show how we’re using search in law. 2. Get you to help us do it better.
  • 4. 4 Overview • A brief history of legal ‘search’ • Unique challenges of search for law • Our work in Congress and beyond • A vision for modern legal search
  • 5. 5
  • 8. 8 Incremental indexing 1800’s Shepard’s citator printed gummed paper to add to law books to track new references to prior law
  • 9. 9
  • 10. 10 Legal search • Lawyers hate relevancy Complete >>> sort order Precision >>> efficiency • Lawyers hate stop-words: every ‘and’ is sacred • Legal researchers love booleans
  • 11. 11
  • 12. Our work 12 Office of the House Parliamentarian •Cards listing daily precedents for more than 200 years •Thousands of precedents •About 1 Gb of data Index cards -> SQL -> Elasticsearch
  • 13. Our work 13 Bill similarity •Open source •“Plagiarism” software for bills in Congress •Using Elasticsearch/Lucene ‘more like this’
  • 14. Bill similarity: one section 14 SEC. 2. IMPROVING ACCESS TO INFLUENTIAL VISITOR ACCESS RECORDS. (a) Definitions.—In this section: (1) COVERED LOCATION.—The term “covered location” means— (A) the White House; (B) the residence of the Vice President; and (C) any other location at which the President or the Vice President regularly conducts official business. (2) COVERED RECORDS.—The term “covered records” means information relating to a visit at a covered location, which shall include— (A) the name of each visitor at the covered location;
  • 15. Bill similarity: many sections 15 Bill 116hr1500ih Sections 1 100 101 => similar sections in other bills 102 200 … Many ways to calculate cumulative similarity.
  • 16. Our work 16 State law •Ingest XML •Link to sources •Translate user query to ES DSL •Create a user interface for legal search
  • 17. Summary • Law is a natural fit for indexing, search and similarity metrics • Small data (1 GB) is important, too • Stop working on logs and work with us on legislative text 17