The document discusses legislation as data and linked data. It notes that legislation contains structured data like definitions, changes, duties, and offenses that can be represented semantically using URIs, RDF, and linked data principles. This allows different pieces of legislation and related concepts and facts to be linked together to enable new types of analyses. For example, it could link changes to legislation to conviction rate statistics. Representing legislation as linked open data follows the model of open source software and could create a new "impossible public good" by openly sharing high-quality legal information.
An open Government Model for the Openness and the Modernization of the Public...Mauro Draoli
The growing development of the Open Government Model leads to an organizational revolution by breaking down organizational boundaries and providing greater access to information. It also can allow the increasing of transparency in public agencies and citizen participation, enhancing collaboration and facilitating democratic processes. Transparency and open data can be powerful tools to stimulate and support public services’ improvements, faster innovation and empower citizens’ rights. So actually many governmental organizations are reviewing and rearranging their processes, information and data to improve policies, enhance legitimacy and openness toward outside parties and citizens. Without an
“open” public knowledge is not possible to establish a culture of collaboration and participation among the main stakeholders.
An open Government Model for the Openness and the Modernization of the Public...Mauro Draoli
The growing development of the Open Government Model leads to an organizational revolution by breaking down organizational boundaries and providing greater access to information. It also can allow the increasing of transparency in public agencies and citizen participation, enhancing collaboration and facilitating democratic processes. Transparency and open data can be powerful tools to stimulate and support public services’ improvements, faster innovation and empower citizens’ rights. So actually many governmental organizations are reviewing and rearranging their processes, information and data to improve policies, enhance legitimacy and openness toward outside parties and citizens. Without an
“open” public knowledge is not possible to establish a culture of collaboration and participation among the main stakeholders.
New, important anti-discrimination legislation that starts coming into force in the UK in 2010.
I hope these slides are both of interest and of use when presenting to people within your organisation.
While most of the slides contain information which your staff will need to know, some of the slides are interactive just to keep them awake.
Have fun and use & adapt as you feel fit.
Jim McNeill
Sweet TLC Ltd
Webinar presented live on May 11, 2017.
As data is increasingly accessed and shared across geographic boundaries, a growing web of conflicting laws and regulations dictate where data can be transferred, stored, and shared, and how it is protected. The Object Management Group® (OMG®) and the Cloud Standards Customer Council™ (CSCC™) recently completed a significant effort to analyze and document the challenges posed by data residency. Data residency issues result from the storage and movement of data and metadata across geographies and jurisdictions.
Attend this webinar to learn more about data residency:
• How it may impact users and providers of IT services (including but not limited to the cloud)
• The complex web of laws and regulations that govern this area
• The relevant aspects – and limitations -- of current standards and potential areas of improvement
• How to contribute to future work
Read the OMG's paper, Data Residency Challenges and Opportunities for Standardization: http://www.omg.org/data-residency/
Read the CSCC's edition of the paper, Data Residency Challenges: http://www.cloud-council.org/deliverables/data-residency-challenges.htm
Towards a Linked Open Data Cloud of Language Resources in the Legal DomainLynx Project
Towards a Linked Open Data Cloud of Language Resources in the Legal Domain - Law Via Internet
Patricia Martín-Chozas, Elena Montiel-Ponsoda,
Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel
10th October 2018
Adopting Semantic Technology for Effective Corporate TransparencyMaria Mora
A new transparency model with more and better corporate
data is necessary to promote sustainable economic growth. In particular, there is a need to link factors regarding non-financial performance of corporations- such as social and Environmental impacts, both positive and negative - into decision-making processes of investors and other stakeholders. To do this, we need to develop better ways to access and analyse corporate social, environmental and financial performance information, and to link together insights from these different sources. Such sources are already on the web in non-structured and structured data formats, a big part of them in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). This study is about promoting solutions to drive effective transparency for a sustainable economy, given the current adoption of XBRL, and the new opportunities that Linked Data can offer. We present (1) a methodology to formalise XBRL as RDF using Linked data principles and (2) demonstrate its usefulness through a use case connecting and making the data accessible.
New, important anti-discrimination legislation that starts coming into force in the UK in 2010.
I hope these slides are both of interest and of use when presenting to people within your organisation.
While most of the slides contain information which your staff will need to know, some of the slides are interactive just to keep them awake.
Have fun and use & adapt as you feel fit.
Jim McNeill
Sweet TLC Ltd
Webinar presented live on May 11, 2017.
As data is increasingly accessed and shared across geographic boundaries, a growing web of conflicting laws and regulations dictate where data can be transferred, stored, and shared, and how it is protected. The Object Management Group® (OMG®) and the Cloud Standards Customer Council™ (CSCC™) recently completed a significant effort to analyze and document the challenges posed by data residency. Data residency issues result from the storage and movement of data and metadata across geographies and jurisdictions.
Attend this webinar to learn more about data residency:
• How it may impact users and providers of IT services (including but not limited to the cloud)
• The complex web of laws and regulations that govern this area
• The relevant aspects – and limitations -- of current standards and potential areas of improvement
• How to contribute to future work
Read the OMG's paper, Data Residency Challenges and Opportunities for Standardization: http://www.omg.org/data-residency/
Read the CSCC's edition of the paper, Data Residency Challenges: http://www.cloud-council.org/deliverables/data-residency-challenges.htm
Towards a Linked Open Data Cloud of Language Resources in the Legal DomainLynx Project
Towards a Linked Open Data Cloud of Language Resources in the Legal Domain - Law Via Internet
Patricia Martín-Chozas, Elena Montiel-Ponsoda,
Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel
10th October 2018
Adopting Semantic Technology for Effective Corporate TransparencyMaria Mora
A new transparency model with more and better corporate
data is necessary to promote sustainable economic growth. In particular, there is a need to link factors regarding non-financial performance of corporations- such as social and Environmental impacts, both positive and negative - into decision-making processes of investors and other stakeholders. To do this, we need to develop better ways to access and analyse corporate social, environmental and financial performance information, and to link together insights from these different sources. Such sources are already on the web in non-structured and structured data formats, a big part of them in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). This study is about promoting solutions to drive effective transparency for a sustainable economy, given the current adoption of XBRL, and the new opportunities that Linked Data can offer. We present (1) a methodology to formalise XBRL as RDF using Linked data principles and (2) demonstrate its usefulness through a use case connecting and making the data accessible.
Towards legally-compliant governmental case work with Dynamic Condition Respo...Hugo Andrés López
We present ongoing efforts of generating computational models of danish regulations, as well as identifying the fragments that can be prone for formal verification.
2015 ODI Summit — Embracing Generation Open & Network Thinking — Gavin StarkstheODI
Over 700 people came to the ODI Summit from around the world to celebrate Generation Open — the innovators and entrepreneurs, citizens and customers, students and parents who embrace network thinking.
Gavin Starks, CEO of the Open Data Institute, presented on Embracing Generation Open & Network Thinking.
About the ODI slides + notes for potential investors theODI
v2015-09-17
An overview of the ODI's vision, team, progress and ambition in slide and notes format, for use by any potential grant or project investors, or by those interested in the ODI and its plans.
The data of democracy and what we can learn from thirty thousand Poles standing in a field.
Anthony Zacharzewski, founder of the Democratic Society, talks about the interface between open data and democratic decision-making, and what we can learn from thirty thousand Poles standing in a field.
A story of new climate data & old polar archives with Tony WhitetheODI
Tony White’s new novel Shackleton’s Man Goes South is published by the Science Museum as their Atmosphere commission 2013. The novel was inspired by Tony’s discovery in the archives of a little known science fiction story written in Antarctica in 1911 by Captain Scott’s surviving meteorologist George Clarke Simpson.
Novelist Tony White gave a short reading from Shackleton’s Man Goes South, and explains how he used contemporary climate data and old polar archives to tell a new kind of climate change story.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. • “The acceptance of the rule of law as a constitutional
principle requires that a citizen, before committing himself to
any course of action, should be able to know in advance
what are the legal principles which flow from it”
– Lord Diplock, House of Lords, 1975
• “The law must be adequately accessible”
– European Court of Human Rights
2
3. The web has changed who is accessing legislation and
why, just as much as it has changed access to healthcare
information
3
7. Legislation as data
• Three considerations for legislation as data
o Typographic layout
o Versioning / changes over time
o Semantics
• Semantic representation using RDF and Linked Data
o URIs for things
o RDF data model
o subject - property - object
• Requires granular URIs to name things
o Identifier
o Document
o Representation
7
8. Foundations - naming things
• If you visit legislation.gov.uk you will see we have taken
great care with naming things
Returns an html document for United Kingdom Public General Act (ukpga),
2005, Chapter 14, Section 1
Returns an html document with a list from all legislation types where the
title contains “wildlife”
8
9. Some of the names are quite
sophisticated…
• UK Public General Act (ukpga)
• 1981
• Chapter 69
• Section 5
• As it extends to England
• As it stood on 30th January 2001
• Displayed as an HTML document with the timeline on
• Although URIs are opaque having this type of design
changes how people use the service
9
12. Domestic
New
Amending
European Regulations
Rules
New
Temporary
Amending
Regulations
Orders
New Statutory Instruments 2000-2012 (by size of the legislation)
13. Domestic
New
European
New
Amending
Amending
New Regulations 2000-2012 (by size of the legislation)
13
14. Legislation as data, legislation as code
• Legislation as data – the information contained in legislation
can be accessed and used by computer programs
• Legislation as code – legislation is (or becomes) a set of
processing instructions for a computer to follow
14
16. Data
• All the information on legislation.gov.uk is available as open
data under the terms of the Open Government Licence
• To access the data, visit any page and add:
o /data.xml
o /data.rdf
o /data.xht
• For lists
o /data.feed
16
19. Henry Maudslay (1771–1831)
He also developed the first industrially
practical screw-cutting lathe in 1800, allowing
standardisation of screw thread sizes for the
first time. This allowed the concept of
interchangeability (a idea that was already
taking hold) to be practically applied to nuts
and bolts. Before this, all nuts and bolts had
to be made as matching pairs only. This
meant that when machines were
disassembled, careful account had to be kept
of the matching nuts and bolts ready for when
reassembly took place.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Maudslay
20. Documents of the Semantic Web
Ever since the start Data
developments, one of the issues was how to make
various types of data available on the Semantic Web
for, eg, further integration. Technically, this means
making the data available in RDF. One approach is to
encode the RDF data in one of its serialization formats,
ie, RDF/XML or Turtle, but that approach does not
really scale. Interfaces to databases are being
developed that can, for example, provide on-the-fly
conversion of data into RDF, often via SPARQL
endpoints. Automatic or semi-automatic conversions
exist for a number of other formats. In general it has
been recognized that one should not look for one
specific approach; rather, different types of data on the
Web require their own, data-specific way of expressing
Unstructured text Structured data
HTML web pages, CSV files, RDF
PDF documents Linked Data
20
21. Documents of the Semantic WebFacts in legislation as
Ever since the start Data
developments, one of the issues was how to make structured data
various types of data available on the Semantic Web
for, eg, further integration. Technically, this means
making the data available in RDF. One approach is to
encode the RDF data in one of its serialization formats,
ie, RDF/XML or Turtle, but that approach does not
really scale. Interfaces to databases are being
developed that can, for example, provide on-the-fly
conversion of data into RDF, often via SPARQL
endpoints. Automatic or semi-automatic conversions
exist for a number of other formats. In general it has
been recognized that one should not look for one
specific approach; rather, different types of data on the
Web require their own, data-specific way of expressing
Unstructured text Structured data
HTML web pages, CSV files, RDF
PDF documents Linked Data
21
24. Amending legislation
Section 12 (4) amends the Charities Act 1993,
inserting some words into this Act.
24
25. Bringing into force the Act
Sections 15 to 20 come into force
immediately when the Act is passed
But what about Section 12???
25
26. So, “A” changes “B” when “C” says so
So the timing for the rest of the Act coming into force
is left open for the Secretary of State to decide…
26
27. Section 12 (4) came into force 1/1/2011
Coming into force on 1st January 2011
Section 12 (4)
27
28. “A” changes “B” when “C” says so
Academies Confers power Secretary of
Act 2010
State
Section 19 (2)
Makes
Academies Commences SI 2010/1937
Act 2010
Schedule 3
Section 12 (4)
Inserts text into
Charities Act
1993 Schedule
2 (ca)
28
34. Location
Concepts
Many of these are
defined in legislation
Time
34
35. Data, data, everywhere
• Data in legislation
o Definitions
o Changes
o Duties
o Powers
o Offences
o Transpositions
o Designations
• Data about legislation
o Economic - Impact Assessments
o Social – opinions on twitter
35
36. Concepts are defined in legislation
• What does it mean to be a company
• What does it mean to be a school
• and so on…
36
43. What changes to the law improve the
conviction rates?
Changes
to
legislation
43
44. What changes to the law improve the
conviction rates?
Changes Conviction
to rates
legislation statistics
44
45. What changes to the law improve the
conviction rates?
Changes Conviction
to Linked Data Standards rates
legislation statistics
45
46. Legislation URIs link everything together
• Identifier
o http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/{type}/{year}/{number}/section/{number}
o eg http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2010/32/section/12/4
• Document
o http://www.legislation.gov.uk/{type}/{year}/{number}/section/{number}
o eg http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/32/section/12#section-12-4
• Representations
o /data.xml
o /data.xht
o /data.pdf
o /data.rdf
o and for any list, /data.feed
46
47. Not all information is equal
• Publishing digital information changes the form of the
content
• The facts on which £ billions turn or that impact on people’s
lives require different treatment from the ephemeral – not
least to ensure the integrity of the public record
• Who is making information available, by what right, what
processes has it been subject to, become key questions
• Increasingly important to express provenance for high-end
sources of information, such as legislation.gov.uk
47
52. “The impossible public good”?
• Large and complex systems
• Enabled by the internet
• Two elements,
o a system of sustainable value creation
o a system of governance
holds together a community of producers
• Distributed property rights, eg the GNU Public
Licence (GPL)
52
54. Open Government Data: a new impossible
public good?
• Large and complex data
• Enabled by the internet
• Two elements,
o a system of sustainable value creation
o a system of governance
holds together a community of producers
• Distributed property rights enabled by the Open
Government Licence
54
55. Expert Participation
• Make the data available maximise, encourage and support
re-use
• Inside-out, transform internal processes, systems and tools
to external ones
• Retain what adds value – practice, process and control
• Invite expert participation from other parts of government,
businesses, academics and individuals
• Open data enables investment
57. Legislation data as a public good
• Old world: commercially licence the data to bring in the
resources needed to create and maintain high quality
information that is easy to re-use
• New world: open the data and enable participation, to
bring in the resources needed to create and maintain high
quality information that is easy to re-use
Reasons why Right to know if our liberty is going to be taken away, by doing something or not doing something Right to know, our civil rights and duties Economic benefit Types of law in the UK Statute law European law Judge made law We lack a carefully drafted legal code, as they have in Germany, France, Italy Our statute book is a complicated place – it requires effort to tame it
Quick demonstration of legislation.gov.uk Google search Find a piece of legislation
Names are important, they provide the framework or the architecture around which
Examples of people talking VERY specifically about pieces of legislation. All the links are shortened links to legislation.gov.uk, which because of our URIs, encourages people to be precise when talking about legislation. Here Ben Parsons is discussing the rights of the police in relation to public order and a May Day event in Brighton.
Graph shows SIs made under the European Communities Act, by type (Regulation, Rule or Order), by Dept, in terms of the size of legislation (using the page count, not the number of SIs) Domestic SIs, by type (Regulation, Order, Rule) Points to note Huge number of temporary Orders made by DfT Orders in Council made shown as Privy Council (so exercise of Royal Perogative powers)
Points to note Substantial portion of new regulation does come from Europe Impact of devolution to Wales (the Welsh Government bubbles – including a substantial amount of the new EU legislation) Defra and BIS have been the large implementors of new EU driven regulations
Demonstration of legislation.gov.uk API
60% of all servers run linux (microsoft is 40%) 65% of web servers run apache (IIS is 16%)
“ The acceptance of the rule of law as a constitutional principle requires that a citizen, before committing himself to any course of action, should be able to know in advance what are the legal principles which flow from it ” – Lord Diplock, House of Lords, 1975