ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage. For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/ Elaich module 7 topic 7.3 - Example 1 of study and documentation of a historic site

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Basic Course FINAL PROJECT IN THE COURSE ELAICH PILOT COURSE IN HAIFA, ISRAEL Study of the Residential Compound & Senior Synagogue, Tiberias Adopt a site Example of free-hand sketch (Level “B”) Educational Toolkit

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Pictures © Anna Lobovikov-Katz Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

3. Slide The project was made possible with a supervision of conservation and education experts form the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz , Arch. Asya Natapov , Participation of The Hebrew Reali School Haifa, Orel Neman - Science Director in Campus Matos Noga Cohavi - Pedagogy Director and Jewish Peoplehood Program Director Kind assistance of the Israel Antiquity Authority, the Society for Preservation of Israel Heritage Sites Team 1: Nadav David, Itai Shechter, Dan Moav Team 2: Nesi Bahar, Eden Segal, Tohar Leibowitz Team 3: Team 4: Eyal Laster, Guy Haran, Yuval Goldberg Final Project: A 2-day site work at the Senior Synagogue, Tiberias Eden Garion, Hagar Pikkel, Itay Eldar, Rotem Erez ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

4. Slide Team 4 Team 2 Team 1 Final Project: A 2-day site work at the Senior Synagogue, Tiberias ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 3

5. Slide Team 2 Indoor Window Team 1 Arch in the Niche Team 3 Site Entrance Team 4 Synagogue Entrance Final Project: A 2-day site work at the Senior Synagogue, Tiberias ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

6. Slide Historical background Tiberias was founded sometime around 20 CE in the Judea Province of Rome by Roman-Jewish client king Herod Antipas, who made it the capital of his realm in Galilee. [ It had a Jewish majority, living alongside a heterogeneous population. It was named in honor of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. As the Ottoman Empire expanded along the southern Mediterranean coast Many Conversos , ( Marranos and Moriscos ) and Sephardi Jews fled in fear to the Ottoman provinces, settling in Palestine. Tiberias obtained a permit to establish Jewish autonomy there Early 19th century Tiberius was under Turkish rule. An earthquake in 1837, centered in Tzfat, caused the destruction of most buildings in Tiberius. The same year “Senor " (Rabbi Chaim Shmuel Hacohen Konorti) and Jacob Nino establish a small synagogue on the Sea of Galilee. The Rabbi, born in Sofia in 1792, came to Tiberius at the age of 45. He is considered one of the greatest 19 th century scholars in Tiberius and left his mark on the city's community. He was responsible for the major restoration of the ruins of the city after the great earthquake. Traveling over the years as rabbinic courier to collect donations in Jewish communities, he also gathered rare books and manuscripts which he brought to the synagogue in Tiberias. The structural form is a small synagogue at the center with extended family living quarters built around it. ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

7. Final Project: A 2-day site work at the El Senor Synagogue, Tiberias Arch in the Niche Eden Garion, Hagar Pikkel, Itay Eldar, Rotem Erez Team 1 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

8. Team 3 Part 1: Description and analysis Materials: rocks • basalt Team 1 1 • limestone # 1 - (stated) in disabilities face 2 • limestone # 2 - cornerstones 3 • limestone # 3 4 • limestone # 4 - (the length between 1-15 cm.) ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

9. Team 3 Part 1: Description and analysis Plaster: • No. 1 - gray, thin grains, uniform, crumbles easily, and airy • No. 2 - reddish brown, uneven, coarse-grained tiny black and white stones, not peeling Lime colors: white, green, blue and yellow Bonding material: • Material # 1 - light brown, crumbles easily, relatively uniform texture and brown and white grains • Material # 2 - light gray material with coarse grains in white and black • Material # 3 - gray, hard, dirty white stones Weathering: • bright spots (Gear No. 1, Stones No.: 1,6,8,9,11) • dark spots (Stones No.: 3,7,10,12) • precipitation (rows 1-3 on the right (counting from the base of the lower spectrum), stone No. 5, down from the base of the inner arc) • Cement - gray, hard, uniform, mostly fills the center Team 1 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

10. Part 1: Description and analysis Physical Description: Bottom spectrum base width 195 cm. Lower arch curve base 190 cm. Inset niche - height 215 cm. Inset niche - height’s base 26 cm. Higher arch base width 360 cm. (Secondary arch height 158 cm) Upper arch height 334 cm. Internal application has an internal width bar of two layers of rock. First, wide stone discs about 7 cm, mostly black. It’s space double rainbow at a depth of 40 cm niche in the wall. Ceiling of the room convex cross. Walls of the room are not straight due to the "patchwork" building. The other side of the wall of the building is exposed only at a height of 141 cm. The second layer (outer) rectangular black stones and rocks are newer and visibility yellow. Some of the yellow stones look natural and appear undressed, these crumble. There are also dressed yellow stones that do not crumble. Both are called limestone No. 3. In the same area there is no stable bonding material, and the far-right rock is loose. Also in the same plane (inner width) are "Deputy“ stones, these are small black or white limestone disks (limestone No. 4). A wall was built on the outside of the arch after the arch built, and after it was filled in with stones..The cornerstones are intact (limestone No. 2). These are yellowish white. They are about 16 +6 cm width and about 20 cm long. In the inner arc are 3 spots of (green and blue) bonding material, and patches of white quicklime. Colored cement can also be found on the older color. Overall there are about 15 layers of paint. There are sections where there are deep cracks in cement , some as much as 2-3 cm between the stones ement. ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 3

11. ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage Part 1: Description and analysis The upper stones are powdering onto the lower stones where there is also wind-blown sand (from sand storms) which entered thru open doorway. In the third row from the bottom on the left is an unusual stone. It Is white with orange spots and is called limestone No. 1. The upper arch wall cement covering can be found at a height of 220 cm with little stones. There is a space of 2.2 to 3 cm between the cement and the wall. There is a newer cement filling in the middle. Sides of the upper spectrum are not equal. Height 125 cm, width 116 cm on the left and 50 cm on the right. The stones at the bottom are large, mostly black squares (Except the fill stones). Larger stones are at the bottom, gradually getting smaller toward the top. They are arranged in rows in till mid-height and then the stones can be seen filling sequence of black stones, medium, and dressed not straight. At the top right corner of the connection can be seen two arches to 84 cm. Third row from bottom on the right side shows a basalt covered with other materials. Both sides the wall are not straight. *Perhaps the external vault arch (top arch) was built before by the fact that blocks are still in the vault. Most spots are in the submerged part of the wall, and dampness is mostly in the western part (right corner). In this area most of the rain comes from the west. Various types of stones indicate later construction, additions and stabilization at different times. Some of the stones have worn and have holes (ex. stone # 4). ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 1

12. Part 2: Graphic material - Precise geometrical drawing ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 26 cm 40 cm 50 cm 50 cm 11.Cm of filling small stones Smaller stones + fallimg mortar Team 1

13. Final Project: A 2 day site work at the Signor Synagogue, Tiberias Indoor Window Tohar Leibowitz Eden Segal Nesi Bahar Team 2 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

14. Part 1: Description and analysis Team 2 Stones : There are small and large stones. Various stones have a different slope- some are straight and some are not. The window is surrounded by limestone and rest of the wall are made of basalt. The stones are not placed in the precise order. This indicates that these stones might have been cornerstones of the building and not intended to be used for a wall. Lack of bonding materials in many places causes the stones to deteriorate. There are only two types of rocks: limestone and basalt. The left wall, which constructed from basalt, was built later. We can conclude this observing the gap between two walls. Window and its surrounding: Crack and gaps can be seen in stones. Nails which stuck from the mortal are destroying the material and weakened it. Another thing that destroys the stone is attached wooden frame with nails and wooden poles. The window doesn’t serve as a window; it was sealed and turned into niche.The wooden frame is straight, but wall stones are not. Each pair of wooden frame have an equal width. Arc base of the window has a length of 32 cm. Plaster’s color: There are about ten layers of plaster with different color. Each layer represents a different time period: 1 . White 2 . Pink 3 . White 4 . Mustard 5 . Blue light 6 . Black 7 . Blue light 8 . Blue 9 . White 10 . Blue light ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

15. Part 1: Description and analysis Deterioration types – comparison with other teams ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 2

16. Slide Team 3 Site Entrance Nadav David, Itai Shechter, Dan Moav Final Project: A 2-day site work at the Signor Synagogue, Tiberias ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

18. Part 1: Description and analysis Team 3 11 . Upper part of the arch is completely covered cement and plaster 12 . Mostly covered with plaster. Because of the plaster it is hard to know the stone is attached to stone no. 14 13 . Basalt stone, covered with several layers of plaster 14 . Covered with white plaster. It’s impossible to know if the stone is attached to stone number 12 or they are the same stone 15 . Large stone, with cavities on the bottom and leftovers of green plaster 16 . Basalt stone with white plaster on the bottom and blue plaster on the top 17 . Large broken stone with layers of white plaster. In addition there is a crack and cavities on the left side 18 . Big "spot" of concrete which extends to the left side of the stones 19-21. Basalt stone, different from the others is seen underneath 19 .Stone white and green mortar 20 . Very powdering stone. Layers of plaster covers area that crumbled in the past. 21 . Stone with the remains of plaster 22 . Iron stuck at the bottom of the stone. Everything is covered with plaster so you never know how many stones are there. On the right side there are some spots of cement. ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

19. Final Project: A 2-day site work at the Signor Synagogue, Tiberias Synagogue Entrance Eyal Laster, Guy Haran, Yuval Goldberg Team 4 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

20. Slide Part 1: Description and analysis 1 . From the left of the window there is a deep cavity about is 4 cm depth. Plaster cover is crumbling all around the window and there is a lot of moisture. The cavity is caused moisture penetrated the stone. With no care the stone continues to fell apart. 2 . 60 cm above the floor level and 20 cm from the door there are cavities 2 cm depth and plaster breakdown throughout the surface. There are areas where you can see the original plaster layers beneath plaster colors of green and blue painted with white color. 3 . Stones exposed all over the door and there are long plaster cracks above the door. Upper stone of the door arch looks new, it is probably replaced. ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 4

21. Team 1 Part 4 - Field book Geometrical drawing ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 1

22. Part 4 - Field book Building materials Team 3 Team 1 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

23. Part 4 - Field book Team 1 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 1

24. Part 4 : Field book Team 1 Geometrical drawing Arch measures Deteriorations types Building materials ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 2

25. Part 4 : Field book Team 3 ציור כללי של המקום ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010

26. Slide 13 Part 4 : Field book Team 1 ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage ELAICH Pilot Course in Haifa, Israel, October -December 2010 Team 4