5. The 5th-century bc
Greek historian
Herodotus traveled
extensively
throughout the
Mediterranean
world, observing the
different peoples he
encountered.
When writing about
Egypt, he discussed
the pyramids.
Herodotus
9. A French officer of Napoleon’s
engineering corps found this
stone near the city of Rashîd
(Rosetta), Egypt, in 1799.
Known as the Rosetta Stone, it
provided the key to the translation
of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
The Rosetta Stone, inscribed in
196 bc, contains the same
message—a decree praising the
Egyptian King Ptolemy V—carved
in three different scripts: Egyptian
hieroglyphs, Egyptian demotic, and
Greek.
Scholars deciphered the
hieroglyphic and demotic versions
by comparing them to the Greek
translation
Rosetta Stone
14. This paintedThis painted
limestone bust oflimestone bust of
the ancientthe ancient
Egyptian queenEgyptian queen
Nefertiti dates fromNefertiti dates from
about 1350 bcabout 1350 bc
(Staatliche(Staatliche
Museen, Berlin).Museen, Berlin).
Wife of Akhenaton,Wife of Akhenaton,
NefertitiNefertiti supportedsupported
and assisted herand assisted her
husband inhusband in
implementing newimplementing new
religiousreligious
ceremonies duringceremonies during
the mid-14ththe mid-14th
century bc.century bc.
NefertitiNefertiti
20. [ijaPt maQaIla manaaorMjanaacaI
caamaDyaacao ikMvaa
gavatacao caoMDU
maatIcyaa va
laakDacyaa baahulyaa
hI maulaaMcaI KoLNaI
haotI.
maaozI maaNasao
bauQdIbaL ,pT [.baOzo
KoL KoLt Asat.
21. HockeyHockey
Ancient Egyptians played aAncient Egyptians played a
game that is similar to ourgame that is similar to our
present-day hockey.present-day hockey.
Drawings on tombs at BeniDrawings on tombs at Beni
Hassan in MeniaHassan in Menia
Archery was a well-known sport in
Ancient Egypt .In the 21st century
BC King Amenhotep II boasted that
he pierced the middle of a thick
brass target with four arrows. He
then set a prize for anyone who
could do the same.ypt
.
There are many drawings of scenes of
fishing hobbySaqqara tombs
22. History records that the Pharaoh,
together with those who were born on
the same day of his birth, participated
in hectic marathons. No one was
allowed to have a meal before covering
180 stages of his race.
One of the ancient Egyptian
plates at the "Marorika tomb"
Tug of Warmarathon
38. Mount SinaiMount Sinai
At 2,637 m (8,652 ft), the top of Mount Sinai offers a spectacular view ofAt 2,637 m (8,652 ft), the top of Mount Sinai offers a spectacular view of
the surrounding jagged peaks and steep slopesthe surrounding jagged peaks and steep slopes
Naaryaa p`caMD iSaLa yaaca isanaa[-cyaa DaoMga
39.
40. The Bent Pyramid, constructed in Egypt during the reign of King SneferuThe Bent Pyramid, constructed in Egypt during the reign of King Sneferu
(2575 bc-2551 bc), was constructed in two stages. In the first stage, the(2575 bc-2551 bc), was constructed in two stages. In the first stage, the
architects built the walls at an angle of 55 degrees. Then theyarchitects built the walls at an angle of 55 degrees. Then they
encountered structural problems and flattened the angle to 43 degrees.encountered structural problems and flattened the angle to 43 degrees.
The pyramid’s unusual shape gave it its name.The pyramid’s unusual shape gave it its name.
41. Step Pyramid,
Şaqqārah
The Step Pyramid
of King Djoser
was built during
the 3rd Dynasty at
Şaqqārah, Egypt.
It was designed by
the architect
Imhotep. The
pyramid was the
first monumental
royal tomb and is
one of the oldest
stone structures in
Egypt.
42. The Pyramid ofThe Pyramid of
Khafre was builtKhafre was built
as the final restingas the final resting
place of theplace of the
pharaoh Khafrepharaoh Khafre
and is about 136and is about 136
m (446 ft) high.m (446 ft) high.
Pyramid of Khafre at Giza
43.
44. Located on the west bank of the Nile River on the outskirts of Cairo,Located on the west bank of the Nile River on the outskirts of Cairo,
the pyramids at Giza, Egypt, rank as some of the best-knownthe pyramids at Giza, Egypt, rank as some of the best-known
monuments in the world.monuments in the world.
45. This dig, near the Great Pyramid at Giza, uncovered a cemetery forThis dig, near the Great Pyramid at Giza, uncovered a cemetery for
many of the workers who built the pyramid.many of the workers who built the pyramid...
46. @sa , maMidro ,
orIla isfM@sa
o maanavaI caohra va isaMhacao SarIr A
aoqaIla dgaDat kaorlaolao rajaaMcao Bav
ocaI ]dahrNao haoya.
maMidracyaa kaorIva Bavya stMBaaMva
ao ]BaI rahU Saktat.
47. Giza's Sphinx and the Great Pyramids
The mysterious Sphinx, with its lion's body and man's head, and the
perfect symmetry of the pyramids at Giza are world-renowned
symbols of Egypt's ancient heritage.
48. Great Sphinx
More than 4000
years old, the Great
Sphinx of Giza is the
most famous
emblem of ancient
Egypt.
51. Ramses II
Ramses II devoted
his reign to building
great monuments
such as the Great
Hall of the Temple of
Amon at Al Karnak
and many of the
temples at Abū
Simbel.
52. Temple at Al Karnak, Egypt
The group of temples at Al Karnak were built over a period of
approximately 1,500 years. Some of the most important additions
were made by Thutmose III, who ruled Egypt during the 1400s bc
.
53. Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amon at Karnak
The hypostyle hall at the Temple of Amon in Karnak,
Egypt, has more than 100 columns, each more than 20 m
(70 ft) high. The hall was built during the reign of Ramses II
in the 1200s bc.
57. The temple of
Hatshepsut is a rock-
cut tomb and mortuary
temple built in the 15th
century bc at Dayr al
Ba rī near Thebes..ḩ
The surrounding area
was planted with trees
and flowers during
Hatshepsut’s reign and
for many years after.
Temple of Hatshepsut
58. This relief, from the 5th
Dynasty (2465 bc-2323
bc), shows the
deceased seated at a
table stacked with
offerings of food.
.
59.
60. Death Mask of
Tutankhamun
The death mask of
Egyptian pharaoh
Tutankhamun is made of
gold inlaid with colored
glass and semiprecious
stone. The mask comes
from the innermost
mummy case in the
pharaoh’s tomb, and
stands 54 cm (21 in) high.
61.
62. Egyptian MummyEgyptian Mummy
The ancient EgyptiansThe ancient Egyptians
are believed to be theare believed to be the
first people to practicefirst people to practice
embalming, in which aembalming, in which a
dead body is artificiallydead body is artificially
preserved to retard thepreserved to retard the
decaying process. Thedecaying process. The
Egyptians believed thatEgyptians believed that
it was necessary toit was necessary to
preserve a body in orderpreserve a body in order
to allow the soul toto allow the soul to
survive.survive.
63. British archaeologist
Howard Carter, left,
and an unidentified
assistant examine an
Egyptian mummy
inside an ornate
sarcophagus. Carter’s
major discoveries
include the tombs of
Thutmose IV, Queen
Hatshepsut, and
Tutankhamun.
64. •This mummy is the body of gender-bending female
pharaoh Hatshepsut, who ruled ancient Egypt as both
queen and king nearly 3,500 years ago, archaeologists
announced today.
haTSaosaUT raNaIcaI
65. Osiris and Anubis
Egyptian mythological figure
Osiris lived in the fabled
underworld as the ruler of the
dead
[ijaiPSyana Qama-klpn
66. In Egyptian mythology, Isis
is the goddess of
motherhood and fertility
temple of Isis, Memphis
67. Cat Goddess
This bronze figure with
inlaid blue-glass eyes
dates from Egypt’s Late
Period (712-332 bc
Egyptian Goddess
Selket
Gold leaf covers this
statue of the goddess
Selket, found in the
tomb of King
Tutankhamun of Egypt.
Selket, the goddess
who heals bites and
stings, is portrayed as
a beautiful woman with
a scorpion on her
head. Gold leaf is
made by hammering
solid gold metal until it
is very thin.
68. In this sunken relief sculptureIn this sunken relief sculpture
(carved into the surface of the(carved into the surface of the
stone), Akhenaton is shownstone), Akhenaton is shown
making an offering to Aton,making an offering to Aton,
who is depicted as a solarwho is depicted as a solar
disk.disk...
Horus was the god of
sky, light, and goodness.
He is often depicted as a
falcon or with a falcon’s
head. Pharoahs were
associated with Horus.
69. The Egyptian god Ptah was,
among other things, patron of
the arts and of artisans.
Anubis and the Mummy
The ancient Egyptians believed that
their god of the dead, Anubis, was the
inventor of embalming
70.
71. Amon-Ra, Father of the Gods
appears
frequently in
ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphs and
art. For the
Egyptians, the
ankh sign
represented life.
72. Temple at LuxorTemple at Luxor
The ancient Egyptian temple at LuxorThe ancient Egyptian temple at Luxor
on the east bank of the Nile River wason the east bank of the Nile River was
built to honor the gods. Begun in thebuilt to honor the gods. Begun in the
1200s bc, it was added to by each1200s bc, it was added to by each
succeeding dynasty. The use ofsucceeding dynasty. The use of
colossal statues and obelisks was acolossal statues and obelisks was a
standard for all Egyptian temples atstandard for all Egyptian temples at
that time. This temple was connectedthat time. This temple was connected
to the temple at Al Karnak by a streetto the temple at Al Karnak by a street
about 3.5 km (2 mi) long, lined withabout 3.5 km (2 mi) long, lined with
hundreds of sphinxes. Once a year thehundreds of sphinxes. Once a year the
image of the god Amon wasimage of the god Amon was
transported by barge from Al Karnak totransported by barge from Al Karnak to
Luxor, as part of a huge festival.Luxor, as part of a huge festival.
73. dated about 1400 bc, duringdated about 1400 bc, during
74. Section of the Egyptian Book of the DeadSection of the Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Egyptian Book of the Dead was a text containing prayers,The Egyptian Book of the Dead was a text containing prayers,
spells, and hymns, the knowledge of which was to be used by thespells, and hymns, the knowledge of which was to be used by the
dead to guide and protect the soul on the hazardous journeydead to guide and protect the soul on the hazardous journey
through the afterlife. Beginning in the 18th Dynasty, the Book of thethrough the afterlife. Beginning in the 18th Dynasty, the Book of the
Dead was inscribed on papyrus.Dead was inscribed on papyrus.
78. The Egyptians -The Egyptians -
not the ancientnot the ancient
Greeks - were theGreeks - were the
true founders oftrue founders of
medicine,medicine,
according to aaccording to a
study thatstudy that
pushes back thepushes back the
origins of healingorigins of healing
by at least aby at least a
millennium.millennium.
Imhotep is nowImhotep is now
regarded as theregarded as the
father offather of
medicine.medicine.
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