This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an electronic voting system using biometrics for voter authentication. The system would use fingerprint matching to verify that each voter is who they say they are before allowing them to cast a vote. Fingerprints would be collected during voter registration and stored in a database. At voting time, the voter's fingerprint would be scanned and matched against the stored fingerprint to authenticate them. If verified, the voter could select their candidate on an electronic voting machine. This aims to prevent fraudulent or duplicate voting while streamlining the voting process. Flow diagrams depict the proposed workflow for voter check-in and casting a ballot. The system is meant to address security and efficiency issues with traditional paper-based voting.

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International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
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ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40
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IJCET
© I A E M E
EFFICACIOUS ELECTRONIC VOTING USING
BIOMETRY
Feroz Morab1, Sadiya Thazeen2, Mohamed Najmus Saqhib3, Seema Morab4
1,2[M.Tech] Digital Electronics and Comm. Engineering, VTU, Bangalore, India
3M.Tech, VTU, Bangalore, India
4[Ph.D] AMITY UNIVERSITY, Noida, India
ABSTRACT
Elections form the cornerstone of our country which is the largest democracy in the world
and as Abraham Lincoln has rightly said “A ballot is stronger than a bullet”, it is of utmost
importance to protect the integrity of elections to make it a fair process of electing the
representatives who hold the public office and run the country. The election process must be
sufficiently robust to withstand any fraudulence and must be sufficiently transparent and
comprehensible so that the voters and candidates can accept the results of an election without
objections. In order to replace the less-reliable conventional ballot system, we propose voting system
using electronic voting machines which make use of Biometry to verify the voter authentication by
matching the voter fingerprint with the fingerprint already saved in the database. This will ensure
that no bogus voting or any other fraud is entertained.
Keywords: Biometry, Electronic Voting Machine, Fingerprint, Voting.
I. INTRODUCTION
For many years, paper-based ballot was used as a way to vote. This is an inefficient way of
voting where people have to queue up to register their name before they can cast their vote.
Furthermore, the traditional way of voting takes a long process and time. So, the novel electronic
voting using minutiae will become the best solution to have a fair voting during elections besides
providing easier way of voting. Compared to the conventional voting system, the Electronic voting
has several advantages and completely rules out the chance of invalid votes and also makes the

2. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
election process hassle free. This Electronic voting is made even more secure, reliable, fast and
robust with our proposed concept of using biometry as the means for verifying voter authentication
based on fingerprint matching technique. Biometrics is the automated recognition of individuals
based on their behavioural and biological characteristics[1].
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Biometric recognition means measuring an individual's behavioural, physiological and
biological characteristics in a recognition inquiry and comparing these data with the biometric
reference data which had been stored during a learning procedure, by this the identity of a specific
user is determined[2]. A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges, from the surface of a
fingertip. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and they do not change over time. Even identical
twins do not have identical fingerprints.
In this paper we are proposing Finger print based electronic voting machine in which we use
a finger print based module which is used to store the finger print of the voter. While storing the
finger print of the voter a specific unique code will be given to the voter and when that particular
voter comes for voting, his finger print will be scanned and also the code given to him should match
the code which is already stored in the database. Only then that the particular person shall be allowed
to cast his vote. It has been specially designed to collect, record, store, count and display data cent
per cent accurately. The control unit consists of a micro-controller[1] and it has got flexibility to
increase the number of members for electing. It has shut-off facility to avoid rigging. Once this key
is pressed, no unauthorized person can edit or display the data. The voting machine is a simple
keypad interfaced to control unit and has got labelling on it to identify the respective candidate. It
has also got the key denouncing logic to avoid multi time triggering and leads to false counting.
Microcontroller designs the control unit. Since it has internal flash, the data can be recorded
internally and then processed further. It is simple, reliable and is tamper proof and error free. The
polling data once recorded can be retained even when the power is turned off.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
In India, in all earlier elections be it state elections or centre elections, a voter casts his/her
vote by putting the stamp against the desired candidate’s name and then folding the ballot paper
before putting it in the Ballot box. This is a long, time-consuming process erroneous. Millions of
paper would be printed and heavy ballot boxes would be loaded and unloaded to and from ballot
office to polling station. All this continued till election scene was completely changed by electronic
voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this condensed into a simple
box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine[5]. The marking system of voting was
introduced in 1962 to make it possible for a substantial number of illiterate voters to indicate easily
their preferences in choosing their representatives. Over the years, there was a pronounced increase
in the volume of work, crores of ballot papers had to be printed and lakhs of ballot boxes had to be
prepared, transported, and kept in storage; and a great amount of time would be taken to conduct the
elections. To overcome these difficulties, the Electronics Corporation of India Ltd. (ECIL),
Hyderabad, and Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL), Bangalore, developed the electronic voting machine
in 1981.

3. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
ARM7 LPC
2148
MICRO
CONTROLLER
34
Fig. 1: Existing voting system
The few technical disadvantages are given as:
Microprocessor based design, which requires a no. of supporting components like memory,
peripheral interface, etc.
No security against illegal viewing of results, as presiding officer can view the results
without any difficulty.
Less user friendly due to two seven segment displays.
Existing system costs around 25000 INR (560$).
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the proposed method, as a pre-poll procedure, the finger prints of all the voters are
collected and stored in a database using NFC tag. At the time of voting, the option of the voter is
taken along with the finger print. The finger print taken by the scanner is sent to the microcontroller.
The processed image is transferred to match existing finger prints and if he is the right person, only
then the ballot buttons shall activate. Then he can cast his vote in real-time only once. The option
entered by the voter is transferred to the server (whenever we have multiple voting machines)which
is updated through internet every instant.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
16*2 ALPHANUMERIC
LCD
BUZZER
MOTOR DRIVER ULN
(2803)
DOOR OPENING 2-
AXIS STEPPER MOTOR
NFC/RFID
READER
Fig. 2: Block diagram of the EVM using Biometry at the Door End

4. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
89v51RD2
MICRO
CONTRLLER
35
KEY BOARD (PS2)
POWER SUPPLY
KEYS FOR
SELECTION
Fig. 3: Block diagram of the EVM using Biometry at the Voter End.
12V
• When a person comes to cast his vote then we check the data base of that person by using
NFC (Near Field Communication) tag.
• The database of the person contains Name, address, gender, age and if the data base is
matched with the NFC tag then the person is allowed to enter the voting booth.
• And then his fingerprint is scanned using fingerprint based scanner. If verification is
successful, only then the ballot buttons will activate so that he can vote for any one suitable
candidate.
• Then switches get deactivate until another person comes to cast his vote.
• If same person comes for second time to vote then a message will be displayed on LCD, as
already voted.
• When each person votes for the particular political party then each time voting system will be
updated.
• Finally when voting procedure completes then authorised person shall see the count by using
his own username password and using his fingerprint.
Hardware Components Required:
1. Power Supply: 12V DC 7. Finger print reader
2. Micro controller: 8951 rd2, ARM LPC
8. Ballot Buttons
2148
3. Buzzer: Freq-1 to 18 kHz 9. NFC tag
4. RS 232 converter: MAX 232 10. RFID reader
5. LCD: 16x2 characters 11. Stepper motor
6. EEPROM memory: AT 24C04 (4Kbytes) 12. ULN 2803
MEMORY
(24C04)
16*2 LCD

5. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
36
Software essentials:
1. Keil software.
2. Eagle software for PCB design
3. Flash magic to program microcontroller
4.1 TESTING
Flow Diagram
The dataflow diagram(DFD) is one of the most important tools used by system analyst. A
data flow diagram should be the first tool used by system analyst to model system components.
These components are the system process, the data used by this process, any external entities that
interact with the system and the information flows in the system. Creation of DFD is the starting
point of design phase that functionally decompose the requirements specification down to the lowest
level of details. Data Flow Diagrams are made up of symbol which represents system components.
The data flow modelling methods use symbols to explain process, data store, data flow and external
entities.
DOOR END FLOW DIAGRAM

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10. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
37
VOTING END FLOW DIAGRAM

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21. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
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26. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
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V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
)
)
)
The EVM consists of a control unit (CU) and ballot unit (BU), both the units work
independently as well as in collaboration with each other. The CU is accepting fingerprint or
password in voting mode and is responding accordingly. In voting mode, CU communicates with BU
in order to exchange various signals. CU is counting the votes for individual candidate and total
number of votes cast can be checked at any time. In result mode, the CU is again following the same
password detection routine as in case of voting mode. In result mode, the CU displays the votes of
individual candidate, in consecutive order, whenever the .Result Button is pressed.
The total number of votes can be checked in result mode in the same way as in voting mode.
In total, the complete system (including all the hardware components and software routines) work as
per the initial specifications and requirements.
The technical work carried so far can be further improved by increasing the number of
candidates. Also, it can be interfaced with printer to get the hard copy of the result almost instantly
from the machine itself. It could also be interfaced with the personal computer and result could be
stored in the central server and its backup could be taken on the other backend servers.

33. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-6367(Print),
ISSN 0976 - 6375(Online), Volume 5, Issue 10, October (2014), pp. 32-40 © IAEME
40
REFERENCES
[1] The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems- Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice
Gillespie Mazidi.
[2] Programming and Customizing the 8051 Microntroller-Predko.
[3] http://www.iec.org: Web Pro Forum Tutorials, 2001.
[4] Tutorial on microcontroller: www.8051projects.net/microcontroller_tutorials/.
[5] Tutorial on LCD: www.8051projects.net/lcd-interfacing/.
[6] General information about electronic voting machine.
[7] www.eci.gov.in.
[8] www.eci.gov.in/faq/evm.asp.
[9] Soukaena H. Hashem, Abeer T. Maolod and Anmar A. Mohammad, “Proposal to Enhance
Fingerprint Recognition System”, International Journal of Computer Engineering
Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 3, 2013, pp. 10 - 22, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6367,
ISSN Online: 0976 – 6375.
[10] Ashraf Darwish, Aliaayoussif, Magidalgendy and Eman Mohamed, “A Secure and Robust
Prototype for Electronic Voting System”, International Journal of Computer Engineering
Technology (IJCET), Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 510 - 519, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6367,
ISSN Online: 0976 – 6375.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Feroz Morab is currently pursuing M.Tech in DEC under VTU, Bangalore. He is
into technical research in Digital Communication and has publications in many
International Journals to his credit. He is moving towards Ph.D and his areas of
interest include Wireless Communication, Field Theory and Digital Signal
Processing.
Sadiya Thazeen, pursuing M.Tech in DEC under VTU, Bangalore, has published
many papers in International Journals. She’s currently working on Biometry
involved technical projects and is moving towards her Ph.D. Her fields of interest are
Digital Communication, Digital Signal Processing, Wireless Communication and
Networking.
Mohamed Najmus Saqhib obtained Masters in Digital Electronics with high merit.
He is currently working towards obtaining a Doctorate and has publications in many
International Journals to his credit. His research areas are Communication and
Networking.
Seema Morab is pursuing her Ph.D from AMITY UNIVERSITY, Noida, Delhi
NCR and has published many papers in highly reputed International Journals.