Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control © 2014 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. All rights reserved. www.jblearning.com Page 1 The goal of any access control system is not simply to keep people out, or to organize who has access to a particular resource, but to meet a business need. In this exercise, you will identify the impact to the business caused by this challenge, and then determine an appropriate access control for mitigating that business impact. Complete the table below: Business Challenge Business Impact Mitigation Technique Disaster Prevention Disaster Recovery Customer Access to Data Maintain Competitive Advantage Running head: CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT 1 CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT 2 Crime Rate Assessment Crime Rate Assessment The primary goal of criminological theory is to improve one’s understanding of crime and criminal justice. In simplest terms, crime is the violation of formal and informal laws that govern all people and enhance peace and unity within society. Crime can be outlined based on the main assumptions of the consensus view, conflict view, and interactionist view. The consensus view of crime outlines crime as a basic wrong behavior believed to be severely unacceptable or distasteful in many factors related to society. Besides, the conflict view of crime is a perception of crime as the result of social inequalities and economic approaches benefiting a section/segment of society (Zara & Farrington, 2015). Conflict theorists believe that a certain segment of society; for instance, the capitalist class makes laws designed for self-benefits at the expense of other populations. Furthermore, the interactionist view of crime demonstrates society as the product of daily social interactions between people. People are capable of creating the meaning of life through their individual interactions with each other. Crime is one of the local and international problems that affect peace and unity amongst societies. Offense starts at the local levels where people conflict with each other for individual or group interests and extends to the international level where terrorist organizations fight against each other or the general public. What are the current trends in the crime rate? Crime has been reported in all states of the US and other regions across the world in different forms. For instance, the two current measures of wrongdoing include violent and property crimes. A violent crime occurs almost every day in the United States in the form of homicide, rape, assault, pickpocketing and purse snatching, and robbery. All these acts are not justified in the US constitution as they tamper with human peace, security, and safety. Besides, property crime includes burglary or trespassing, theft of property or cash, and motor vehicle theft. The homicide rate of crime in the US has been dropping for the past 2.5 decades and still keeps on dropping even today due .

1. Mapping Business Challenges to Types of Control
© 2014 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning
Company. All rights reserved.
www.jblearning.com Page 1
The goal of any access control system is not simply to keep
people out, or to organize who has access to
a particular resource, but to meet a business need. In this
exercise, you will identify the impact to the
business caused by this challenge, and then determine an
appropriate access control for mitigating that
business impact.
Complete the table below:
Business
Challenge Business Impact Mitigation Technique
Disaster
Prevention
Disaster Recovery

2. Customer Access
to Data
Maintain
Competitive
Advantage
Running head: CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
1
CRIME RATE ASSESSMENT
2
Crime Rate Assessment
Crime Rate Assessment
The primary goal of criminological theory is to improve one’s
understanding of crime and criminal justice. In simplest terms,
crime is the violation of formal and informal laws that govern
all people and enhance peace and unity within society. Crime
can be outlined based on the main assumptions of the consensus
view, conflict view, and interactionist view. The consensus
view of crime outlines crime as a basic wrong behavior believed
to be severely unacceptable or distasteful in many factors
related to society. Besides, the conflict view of crime is a
perception of crime as the result of social inequalities and
economic approaches benefiting a section/segment of society

3. (Zara & Farrington, 2015). Conflict theorists believe that a
certain segment of society; for instance, the capitalist class
makes laws designed for self-benefits at the expense of other
populations.
Furthermore, the interactionist view of crime demonstrates
society as the product of daily social interactions between
people. People are capable of creating the meaning of life
through their individual interactions with each other. Crime is
one of the local and international problems that affect peace and
unity amongst societies. Offense starts at the local levels where
people conflict with each other for individual or group interests
and extends to the international level where terrorist
organizations fight against each other or the general public.
What are the current trends in the crime rate?
Crime has been reported in all states of the US and other
regions across the world in different forms. For instance, the
two current measures of wrongdoing include violent and
property crimes. A violent crime occurs almost every day in the
United States in the form of homicide, rape, assault,
pickpocketing and purse snatching, and robbery. All these acts
are not justified in the US constitution as they tamper with
human peace, security, and safety. Besides, property crime
includes burglary or trespassing, theft of property or cash, and
motor vehicle theft. The homicide rate of crime in the US has
been dropping for the past 2.5 decades and still keeps on
dropping even today due to the enhanced interracial relations
and security. The tracking of crime rates in the past two decades
shows a drastic decrease in violent crime in the United States.
However, the crime problem is still perceived in the US since
the violent crime was recorded at a 50% decrease since 1990. A
total of 1.2 million violent crime cases were reported in 2018,
while 7.2 million cases of property crime were reported in the
US (Grawert & Kimble, 2019).

4. What social and environmental factors do you believe influence
the crime rate?
As stated by the interactionist view of crime, social
relationships amongst people in society determine the rate of
criminal incidents. Active free-play environment for children
increases chances of homicide and rape incidences as well
across regions. Social security determines the ability of
individuals to interact freely and positively. Social and
environmental factors are linked to the physical activity
behavior of individuals and contribute to either low or high
rates of crime (James, 2018). Security in the US states has
contributed to low cases of crime over the past two decades.
Cultural norms and globalization are social factors that also
unite people and regions to avoid crime.
Identify any other factors you think may contribute to criminal
behavior and the crime rate.
Other factors contributing to criminal behavior include religious
differences, drug abuse, and financial status. Religious
differences in society tend to stir up violent crimes against the
opposing sides and even lead to a homicide. As well, drug abuse
creates negative social relationships amongst people leading to
increase crime. Last but not least, financial status leads to
property crime, whereby a particular segment of society passes
laws that favor their financial endeavors at the expense of low-
class citizens (James, 2018).
Explain how you would investigate the occurrence of crime
through research and theory development.
The research and theory development is essential in
investigating the occurrence of a violent or property crime.
Research and theory development involves the relationship
between research and criminology theory to come up with
reliable evidence and assessment of crime laws (Zara &
Farrington, 2015). For instance, I would use research to develop
the interactionist theory of crime, whereby I would investigate

5. the causal factors of criminal incidence and the possible
solutions. Theories are grounded on the criminology laws and
hence useful in crime investigation.
Describe the various sources of crime data along with the
advantages and disadvantages of collecting data from each
source.
The main sources of crime data include the Uniform Crime
Reports (UCR), the National Crime Victimization Survey
(NCVS), and lastly, the self-reported data. The UCR is useful
practically in crime mapping, identification of the crime trends,
and profiling of typical offenses. As well, NCVS has almost
similar advantages starting from ease of theory testing, effective
profiling characteristics of typical offenders, and mapping of
crime. Lastly, self-reported data tends to be accurate, timely,
original, and useful in identifying the crime and criminals first-
hand.
The disadvantages of NCVS include inaccurate criminal data,
provides only the national estimates and covers a limited
population (Schwartz & Vega, 2017). On the other hand, UCR's
source of crime data relies on crime discovery terming it as
accurate even though about forty percent of violent crimes in
the US are unreported. Besides, Uniform Crime Reports do not
record all crimes ad it only relies on voluntary data. Lastly,
self-reported data have limitations like that they can only cover
crime over a small area and not effective as they are not
recorded for future references and statistics.
Briefly explain the importance of crime research in the
development of recidivism reduction strategies or crime
prevention policies.
Crime research is vital for the security department and police
force because it helps in developing recidivism reduction
approaches and crime prevention policies. Crime research
involves understanding the root of the wrongdoing, the reason

6. behind the action, and prevention strategies since it is necessary
for societies to live peacefully (Zara & Farrington, 2015). When
crime research is conducted, offenders are corrected or even
punished to reduce the chances of recidivism. Understanding the
root cause of crime helps in developing reduction strategies of
crime reoccurrence at all costs.
References
Grawert, A. & Kimble, C. (Dec 18, 2019). Takeaways from
2019 Crime Data in Major American Cities. Brennan Center for
Justice. Retrieved from https://www.brennancenter.org/our-
work/analysis-opinion/takeaways-2019-crime-data-major-
american-cities
James, N. (2018). Recent violent crime trends in the United
States. Congressional Research Service, 1-38.
Schwartz, J., & Vega, A. (2017). Sources of crime data.
In Preventing Crime and Violence (pp. 155-167). Springer,
Cham.
Veitch, J., Salmon, J., & Ball, K. (2010). Individual, social, and
physical environmental correlates of children's active free-play:
a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral
Nutrition and Physical Activity, 7(1), 11.
Zara, G., & Farrington, D. P. (2015). Criminal recidivism:
Explanation, prediction and prevention. Willan.