The document discusses the effects of drought stress on different growth phases of sugarcane. It aims to produce an overexpression of the Erianthus arundinaceus HSP70 gene to increase drought tolerance in sugarcane during the intense growth phase. There are four phases of sugarcane growth: germination, tillering, rapid growth, and maturation. The rapid growth phase from 120-180 days is most crucial for sucrose levels, but also most impacted by drought. The proposed solution is to isolate the Erianthus genes, construct a binary vector, and develop a transgenic sugarcane variety with increased drought tolerance during intense growth.

1. SUBMITTED TO: DR. Ghulam Shabbir
SUBMITTED BY: Khadija Qammar (BSBTE-17-25)
SEMESTER: 6TH

2. TOPIC
EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS IN
DIFFERENT PHENOPHASES OF
SUGARCANE GROWTH

3. • Sugarcane is a world-wide cash crop for sugar, biofuel and other food industries.
• The global interest in sugarcane production has increased significantly in this decade
due to its importance as a source of renewable energy.
• It is first generation feedstock for efficient biofuel production.
• Agricultural systems will be affected by climate change and crop yields are expected
to decline due to environmental stresses.
• Among the abiotic stresses, drought is considered as the most critical environmental
factor hampering crop growth and productivity worldwide causing heavy losses in
sugarcane recovery
INTRODUCTION

4. PROBLEM:
Decrease in sucrose level in sugarcane due to drought in different phenophases of
growth in sugarcane
OBJECTIVE:
Our objective is to produce overexpression of Erianthus arundinaceus HSP70
(EaHSP70) genes to produce more tolerance against drought in intense growth
phase in recently most cultivated sugarcane crop (RB867515) in Brazil.

5. Effects of water stress on sugarcane
 Reduced plant growth
 Reduced root growth
 Reduced rate of photosynthesis
 Alter genetic makeup of plant
 Membrane disturbance, hence affecting lipids which are crucial for plant
growth
 Wilting
 Issue in protein synthesis
 Increased ROS production ratio

6. Effects cont.…
 Decreased CO2 assimilation
 Lipid peroxidation
 Membrane injury
 Cellular oxidation stress
 Inhibition of enzyme activity
 In extreme conditions, plants undergo agronomic, biochemical,
physiological, anatomical and morphological changes.

7. MECHANISMS OF PLANTS TO
OVERCOME DROUGHT
 Try to completing life cycle before the onset of severe water limitations
 Drought avoidance through an enhanced water conserving mechanism via
stomatal closure, reduction of leaf area or canopy cover
 Drought tolerance resistance through altering metabolic changes such as an
increased antioxidant metabolism
 Drought tolerance resistance through osmotic adjustment and increased cell wall
elasticity and plasticity

8. Mechanisms Cont.…
 Alteration in photosynthesis partitioning between organs, metabolic flux
 Production of osmoprotectants e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids and other osmolytes
including proline, glycine
 The increased expression of chaperone proteins, proteases, peroxidases,
transcription factors
 Induction of abscisic acid
 Increased levels of trehalose

9. Mechanisms help to reestablish
 Cellular homeostasis
 Membrane protection
 Rate of photosynthesis
 CO2 assimilation
 Wilting
 Membrane injury
 Enzyme activity
 Plant and root growth

11. PHASES OF SUGARCANE GROWTH
Four phases of sugarcane growth
Germination
phase
Tillering phase
Rapid growth
phase
Maturation phase

12. 1- Germination phase
Germination phase is commonly carried out
normally in proper supply of water, nutrients,
light etc. After proper germination, we will be
transformed them by applying culture of
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In this way, we will
be able to get transgenic plants.

13. 2- Tillering phase
In tillering phase, we will provide proper water, nitrogen, nutrients.
3- Rapid Growth Phase
After 120 days, in rapid growth phase, we will stop the supply of water and induce
drought stress artificially. As this phase is very crucial for sucrose level in sugarcane,
and our main concern is to produce variety which will be able to tolerate drought at
this phenophases so that we can obtain sugarcane yield without any loss after
harvesting.

14. 4- Maturation phase
• Also known as “ripening phase”
• This phase lasts for about three months.
Fourphasesofsugarcane
growth

15. SOLUTION OF PROBLE
• As drought stress have greater impact on intense growth period, so, our main concern is to increase tolerance of
water stress especially at this phenophase. Steps to carrying out this procedure are as follows.
• FIRST STEP:
Isolation of genes from Erianthus arundinaceus
• SECOND STEP:
Construction of binary vector for plant transformation
• THIRD STEP:
Formation of transgenic sugarcane variety
• The new variety developed by this procedure may have ability to respond better against drought stress even in
intense growth phenophase and yield in the form of sucrose level may increase.

16. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND