Effect of center wavelength on mrr performance

FACULTY OF SCIENCE POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE 2010
5-7 OCTOBER 2010
Organized by
Postgraduate Student Society, Faculty of Science (PGSSFS)
In Collaboration with
Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science
School of Graduate Studies
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
www.fs.utm.my/fspgc2010
fspgc2010@utm.my

Foreword from Dean, Faculty of Science
Assalammualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh and Salam Sejahtera.
I would like to extend a warm welcome to all participants to the Faculty of Science Postgraduate
Conference 2010 (FSPGC 2010). For the first time, Postgraduate Student Society - Faculty of Sci-
ence (PGSS-FS) is hosting the annual Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference 2010 (FSPGC
2010).
This conference will be an appropriate platform for postgraduate students to share their scientific find-
ings in various disciplines of science and to nurture a good research culture among them. It is hoped
that the conference will play an important role to encourage and embrace cooperation and collaboration
among the postgraduate students and researchers.
More than 100 participants will present their findings orally and by posters in this 2-day conference. Therefore, through this
conference will significantly help postgraduate students in science related field to exchange ideas and widen up their research
knowledge.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank and congratulate the advisor and all committee members of FSPGC 2010, Faculty
of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, plenary speakers and participants for their great effort in organizing this conference.
Indeed it is my hope that this abstract would benefit all the attendees and participants.
To all participants, I wish you success in your research endeavors.
Thank you.
Professor Dr. Madzlan Aziz
Dean,
Faculty of Science,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Foreword from Director of FSPGC 2010 and President of PGSSFS
On behalf of the organizing committee, it is with great pleasure to welcome all of you to the first Faculty
of Science Postgraduate Conference organized by the Postgraduate Student Society, Faculty of Sci-
ence.
With UTM’s new status as a research university, the field of research in UTM particularly our own
Faculty of Science has taken a step forward in fostering new scientists and technologies. This new
status is a motivation for all of us to increase our efforts to produce better results and products in our
research as well as a new opportunity for us to improve our skill and understanding in our research
field.
The faculty following the aims of the university is pushing its student to produce more papers and publications. The new
research postgraduates are even given the privilege to choose the format of their thesis by way of submitting compiled journal
papers. It is hope that the organizing of this conference gives us a new opportunity to present our findings and also providing
views into new researches being conducted in the faculty.
To all participants, I hope we can gain knowledge and benefits from this conference and I wish everyone all the best.
Thank you.
Ahmad Hanifah Zulkipli
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

“Inspiring Creativity and Innovative Minds Through Science and Mathematics”
Objectives
The conference is devoted to the revolution that has been taking place behind the scenes connecting to the most recent dis-
coveries that could craft novel forms of propulsion. This conference builds on efforts intended to bring together researchers,
scientists, and scholars to exchange and share their experiences, new ideas, and research results in related ﬁelds and discuss the
practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted.
Scientiﬁc Session
The conference consists of oral and poster presentations which covers all major areas in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and
Engineering Sciences.
Conference Venue
Ibnu Sina Institute, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Figure 1: Level 1, Ibnu Sina Institute, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Figure 2: Level 2, Ibnu Sina Institute, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
iv

“Inspiring Creativity and Innovative Minds Through Science and Mathematics”
Organisers
Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
School of Graduate Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Organising Committee
Postgraduate Student Society Faculty of Science (PGSSFS)
Advisor
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Haniza Sarmin
Postgraduate Student Society Faculty of Science Committee
Ahmad Hanifah b. Zulkipli
Abd. Rahman Mohd Kasim
Loh Ser Lee
Norasyikin bt. Mohd Mustapha
Nur Syazeila Samadi
Munirah Mohd Razi
Dennis Ling Chuan Ching
Mazlini Mazlan
Widyaratih Haﬁzah Mechor
Siti Amlah bt Mohamad Azmi
Teh Huey Ching
Faisal Salah Yousif Rasheed
Plenary Speaker
Prof. Takashi Suzuki
Division of Mathematical Science, Department of Systems Innovation,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
v

Contents
FOREWORD i
OBJECTIVES iv
ORGANISER & COMMITEE v
SCHEDULE xii
ORAL PRESENTATIONS SCHEDULE xiii
PLENARY 1
Mathematical Methods in Cancer and Brain Research - New Approach, Invention, and Practice
Takashi Suzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
CHEMISTRY 3
Study on Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid using Differential Pulse Voltammetric
(DPV) Technique in Aqueous Medium
Nor Hafizah Yasin and Rahmalan Ahamad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Characterization of Solid Pineapple Waste in The Presence of Selenium
NZ. Erna Izaini, A. Rahmalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Removal of Chromium from Electroplating Wastewater using Cr (VI) - Reducing Biofilm Sys-
tems
N. Mohammed, W. A. Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cr(III) Biosorption using Acinetobacter haemolyticus
S.K. Yahya and W.A. Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction of Pineapple Industry Wastewater using Bacteria in Batch
system
N.S. Musa, W. A. Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Isolation and Characterization of Phenol Degrading Bacterial Consortium from Phenol Con-
taminated Environment
J.K. Lee, Wan Azlina Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The effect of pH in Surface Modification of Carbon Nanotubes for Tyrosinase Immobilization
Z.A. Majid, N.A.M. Sabri, N.Z. Buang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
vii

FSPGC 2010 5-7 October 2010, Malaysia
Mercury Removal from Metal Surfaces and In Aqueous Medium Using Chemical Treatment
and Photocatalytic Technique
F.I. Khairuddin, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar, R. Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Effect of Tungsten Oxide Loading on the Tungstated Zirconia Solid Super Acid Catalyst
Ainul Hakimah Karim, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nurun Najwa Ruslan, Sharifah Najiha Tim-
miati, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel
M.J.F Jasni, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar, R. Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Field-induced Director Alignment of Liquid Crystals in Aerosil
Leaw Wai Loon, Dr. Che Rozid Mamat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Electrodeposition of Titanium Dioxide and Tungsten Trioxide on Zn/ZnO Plate for the Degra-
dation of Petrochemical Wastewater
S.A. Saadon, R. Ali, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Two-Level Factorial Design for Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Digestion of Bi-
ological Samples
Yuhanees M. Yusof, Azli B. Sulaiman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles Induced by Ultrasonication Irradia-
tion with Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agents
N.A. Kamaruzaman, A. Mohd Yusof, A.R.Mohd Yusoff, N.A.Abdul Rashid and S. Shahir . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Corrosion of Carbon steel in Different Type of Soils
Amy Wahida Mohamad Sa’adan, Madzlan Aziz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid by Thiophene Derivatives
Sharfawati Che Soh, Madzlan Aziz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Synthesis of Polycrystalline Bismuth Titanate via Hot Injection Method
Shih Ween Yong, Hartini Khairi Osman, Jamilah Mohd Ekhsan, Siew Ling Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Synthesis of Nanosodalite without Organic Template using Hydrothermal Method
S. H. A. Rusmili, N. A. Nasir and Z. Ramli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Effect of Activation Temperature on Basicity of Prepared Aerogel MgO (AP-MgO)
Nur Syazeila Samadi, Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab, Abdul Rahim Yacob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Effect of Phosphoric Acid Concentration on Chemical Activation of Date Frond Waste
Mustapha N.M, Mustajab M.A.A, Yacob A.R, and Al Swaidan H.M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Catalyst by Sputter Deposition Technique in Styrene Oxidation
with Magnetic Field
N. Attan, H. Nur, L.S. Ling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Synthesis of Carbon Macrospheres from Sucrose using Hydrothermal Method
Nur Hidayah Mohd Ran, Hadi Nur, Leny Yuliati, Siew Ling Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Selective Oxidation of Styrene and 1-Octene on Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic of Surface-Modiﬁed
TiO2 Particles using Anhydrous t-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Surya Lubis, Leny Yuliati, Siew, Ling Lee and Hadi Nur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
viii

MATHEMATICS 13
Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model with Right Censoring Count Data
S.E. Saffari, Robiah Adnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Computing the Commutator Subgroup for Some Groups of Composite Order using of Sylow
Theorems
S.Rashid, N.H.Sarmin, A.Erfanian, N.M.Mohd Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A New Numerical Algorithm in Finite Difference Formulations for Solving Navier Stokes Equa-
tions
Nursalasawati Rusli, Erwan Hafizi Kasiman, Airil Yasreen Mohd Yassin, Ahmad Kueh Beng Hong, Norsara-
haida Amin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
An Expectation Solution of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control Problem using
DISOPE Algorithm
Sie-Long, Kek, Mohd Ismail Abdul Aziz, Rohanin Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
An Integral Equation with a Modified Neumann Kernel for Conformal Mapping of Bounded
Multiply Connected Regions onto a Parallel Slit Region
Ali W. Kareem Sangawi, Ali H. M. Murid, M. M. S. Nasser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
TL-Moments of The Generalized Extreme Value Type 1 Distribution
Ummi Nadiah Ahmad, Ani Shabri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Some Sufficient Conditions for Permanent Splicing Systems
Fariba Karimi, Nor Haniza Sarmin, Fong Wan Heng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PL-moments for Statistical Analysis of Extreme Events
Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria, Ani Shabri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Parameter Estimation of Stochastic Differential Equation : A Two-step Method
H. Abd.Rahman, A. Bahar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A Tabu Search Method for Finding Minimal Multi-Homogeneous Bezout Number
Hassan M. S. Bawazir, Ali Abd Rahman, Nor’aini binti Aris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Unsteady Free Convection Flow at a Stagnation Point of a Three-Dimensional Body with Inter-
nal Heat Generation
M. A. Admon and S. Sharidan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Properties of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Congruences in Semigroups
F.M. Khan, N.H. Sarmin, M. Shabir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Comparison of Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
in Mean Monthly River Flow
N.Mohamed Isa, A.Shabri, R.Samsudin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Simulating Hourly Rainfall Process Using Spatial Temporal Neyman Scott Model
Norzaida Abas, Zalina M. Daud and Fadhilah Yusof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Polarized Seismic Waves and Solitary Waves in Hydrodynamics
Dennis Ling Chuan Ching, Zainal Abdul Aziz, Faisal Salah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A Hybrid SOM-LSSVM for Rice Yield Forecasting
S. Ismail, A. Shabri, R. Samsudin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ix

Some Generalizations on Commutativity Degree
F. N. Abd Manaf, N. H. Sarmin, N. M. Mohd Ali, A.Erfanian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The Construction of Mixed Volume and Sparse Resultant Matrices
N. Aris, N.I. Ahmad Zulkiﬂy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Lie Group Structure for the First Problem of Stokes’ For Rotating Flow of Third Grade Fluid
K. Fakhar, Mehri Esmaelli Darafshani, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The D-optimal approach: kl-Fedorov Algorithm and Its Implementation
S.Y.Ng and Robiah Adnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Solving Unequal Size Facility Layout Problem using Simulated Annealing
Raja Rajeswari d/o Ponnusamy, Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
PHYSICS 21
Access Hydrogen Production by Photolysis of K2CO3 Mixed Water
Muhammad Shahid, Noraih Bt Bidin, Yacoob Mat Daood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Parametric Study of Bremsstrahlung Radiation Losses in m=0 Z-Pinch DT Plasma
Muhammad Shahid, M.Talha, Amin-u-din Hazrat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Controlling Center Wavelength and Free Spectrum Range by MRR Radii
I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Effect of Center Wavelength on MRR Performance
A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, I. S. Amiri, M. A. Jalil, J. Ali, P. P. Yupapin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Second Harmonic Generation of Ultrafast Titanium Sapphire Laser
F. Mohd Noor and N. Bidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Finesse Improvements of Light Pulses within MRR System
M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, , J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Development of KTP Laser
N. Ezaan Khamsan, N. Bidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Numerical Study of the Cyclotron Radiation Losses for m=0 Z-Pinch DT Plasma
Muhammad Shahid, NAD, M.Talha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Crystallization Of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film By Excimer Laser Annealing, ELA
Siti Noraiza Ab.Razak, Noriah Bidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Microhardness Evaluation of Pure Aluminum Substrate after Laser Surface Alloying with Iron
and Copper
Yusef Ab. Alwaﬁ, Noriah Bidin and Rosli Bin Hussien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Study of Silicon Self-Assembled Quantum Dots Structure
F. Aldaw, S. Sakrani, Z. Othaman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Development and Characterization of Flashlamp Pumped Pulse Power Supply for Er:YAG Laser
Muhamad fakaruddin sidi ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Computation of DQE of Medical X-Ray Radiographic Screen-Films
M. H. Khanmirzaei and W. M. S. W. Hassan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
x

Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Element using Direct Writing CO2 Laser Irradiation
M. Imran, R. A. Rahman, B. A. Tahir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Optical Efficiency Of 1.5 at % Nd:doped concentration in Nd:YVO4 Oscillator
Ganesan Krishnan and Noriah Bidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Analysis of Optical Absorbance by Laser Induces Acoustic Wave in Liquids
Siti Norfarha Mat Rifin, Yusof Munajat, Rosly Jaafar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Reflection Profile of Iron Due to Corrosion Activity using Fiber Optic Sensor
Noor A’in A.Rahman, Asiah Yahaya, Rosly A.Rahman, M.Asmu’i M.Akil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Optical Absorption of Yb3+
DOPED (80- x) TeO2 - 20Na2O - (x)Yb2O3
H.N. Isa, M.R.Sahar, and R.Arrifin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Spectroscopic Properties of Phosphate Doped YbCl3 Glass Prepared By Sol-Gel Method
Noor Azwen Noor Azmy, Md.Rahim Sahar, Md Supar Rohani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Optical Absorption Properties of LiNbO3 Crystal Grown by Czochralski Method
Norshafadzila Mohammad Naim, Md. Rahim Sahar, Md. Supar Rohani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Optical Absorption of Er3+
/ Nd3+
CO-Doped Magnesium Phosphate Glass
Mazlini Mazlan, Md Rahim Sahar, Ramli Ariffin, Md. Supar Rohani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Lowest-energy Structures and Stability of InGaAs Cluster From Density Functional Theory
Hanafi Ithnin, Mohd Khalid Kasmin, Ahmad Radzi Mat Isa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Soliton Signals and The Effect of Coupling Coefficient in MRR Systems
M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, M. A. Jalil, I. S. Amiri, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ENGINEERING SCIENCE 29
The Biodiversity of Thermophiles in a Malaysian Hot Spring from a ‘Culture Independent’
Perspective
Isatou Drammeh, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman, Kian Mau Goh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Human Influences on Drinking Water Quality in Calaba Town, Freetown
A.A. Mornya, A.S. mansaray, Dr. M. Koroma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
xi

“Inspiring Creativity and Innovative Minds Through Science and Mathematics” 5-7 October 2010, Malaysia
SCHEDULE
DAY 1 (6 October 2010)
8.00 am -10.00 am Registration (Ibnu Sina Institute, UTM)
Tea Break
Theater Hall 1
10.30 am -11.15 am Plenary Lecture
Prof. Takashi Suzuki
Mathematical modeling in cancer cell biology
11.15 am -12.00 pm Opening Ceremony
Lunch
Conference (Seminar Room 1, 2, 3)
2.00 pm -3.20 pm Oral Presentation
Tea Break
4.00 pm -5.00 pm Oral Presentation
DAY 2 (7 October 2010)
Conference (Seminar Room 1, 2, 3)
8.30 am -9.30 am Oral Presentation
Tea Break
10.00 am -12.00 pm Oral Presentation
Lunch
Tea break and Lunch will be served at Theater Hall 2
xii

Oral Presentation Schedule
6 October 2010
Seminar Room 1
Session 1
2.00pm-2.20pm Kek Sie Long
An Expectation Solution of Discrete-time Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control Problem using
DISOPE Algorithm.
2.20pm-2.40pm Hassan M. S. Bawazir
A Tabu Search Method for Finding Minimal Multi-homogeneous Bezout Number
2.40pm-3.00pm Raja Rajeswari a/p Ponnusamy
3.00pm-3.20pm Samad Rashid
Computing the Commutator Subgroup for Some Groups of Composite order using of
Sylow Theorems
Session 2
4.00 pm-4.20 pm Fariba Karimi
4.20pm-4.40pm Faiz Muhammad Khan
Properties of Interval-valued Fuzzy Congruences in Semigroups
4.40pm-5.00pm Fadila Normahia Binti Abd Manaf
7 October 2010
Seminar Room 1
Session 3
8.30am-8.50am Nur Iryani Binti Ahmad Zulkiﬂy
8.50am-9.10am Mehri Esmaeili Darafshani
Lie Group Structure for the First Problem of Stokes’ for Rotating Flow of Third Grade Fluid
9.10am-9.30am Ummi Nadiah @ Rozana Binti Ahmad
TL-moments of the Generalized Extreme Value Type 1 Distribution
xiii

Session 4
10.00am-10.20am Zahrahtul Amani Binti Zakaria
PL-Moments for Statistical Analysis of Extreme Events
10.20am-10.40am Nadira binti Mohamed Isa
Comparison of Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and Artiﬁcial Neural Network
(ANN) in Mean Monthly River Flow
10.40am-11.00am Haliza Abd.Rahman
11.00am-11.20am Norzaida Abas
Simulating Hourly Rainfall Process using Spatial Temporal Neyman Scott Model
11.20am-11.40am Ng Siew Yin
11.40am-12.00pm Seyed Ehsan Saffari
Zero-inﬂated Negative Binomial Regression Model with Right Censoring Count Data
xiv

6 October 2010
Seminar Room 2
Session 1
2.00pm-2.20pm Erna Izaini Binti Zakaria
Characterization of Solid Pineapple Waste in the Presence of Selenium
2.20pm-2.40pm Nurfadilah bt Mohammed
Removal of Chromium from Electroplating Wastewater using Cr(VI)-reducing Biofilm Systems
2.40pm-3.00pm Nor Syamimi Binti Musa
Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction of Pineapple Industry Wastewater using Bacteria
in Batch System
3.00 pm-3.20 pm Abu Albert Mornya
Human Influences on Drinking Water Quality in Calaba Town, Freetown
Session 2
4.00pm-4.20pm Siti Khairunnisa Yahya
Cr(III) Biosorption using Acinetobacter Haemolyticus
4.20pm-4.40pm Nor Hafizah binti Yasin
Study on Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid using
Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) Technique in Aqueous Medium
4.40pm-5.00pm Leaw Wai Loon
7 October 2010
Seminar Room 2
Session 3
8.30am-8.50am Yuhanees bt Mohamed Yusof
Two-level Factorial Design for Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted
Enzymatic Digestion of Biological Samples
8.50am-9.10am Lee Jin Kuang
Isolation and Characterization of Phenol Degrading Bacterial Consortium
from Phenol Contaminated Environment
9.10am-9.30am Dennis Ling Chuan Ching
Polarized Seismic Waves and Solitary Waves in Hydrodynamic
Session 4
10.00am-10.20am Nursalasawati Rusli
A New Numerical Algorithm in Finite Difference Formulations for Solving
Navier Stokes Equations
10.20am-10.40am Ali W. Kareem Sangawi
An Integral Equation with Modified Neumann Kernel for Conformal Mapping of Bounded
Multiply Connected Regions onto a Parallel Slit Region
xv

6 October 2010
Seminar Room 3
Session 1
2.00pm-2.20pm Muhammad Shahid
2.20pm-2.40pm Faizani Bin Mohd Noor
2.40pm-3.00pm Muhammad Shahid
3.00pm-3.20pm Nur Ezaan binti Khamsan
Development of KTP Laser
Session 2
4.00pm-4.20pm Yusef Ab. A. Alwaﬁ
Microhardness Evaluation of Pure Aluminum Substrate After Laser Surface Alloying
with Iron and Copper
4.20 pm-4.40 pm Muhammad Shahid
Numerical Study of the Cyclotron Radiation Losses for m=0 z-pinch dt Plasma
4.40pm-5.00pm Muhammad Imran
Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Element using Direct Writing CO2 Laser Irradiation
7 October 2010
Seminar Room 3
Session 3
8.30am-8.50am Siti Noraiza Binti Ab Razak
Crystallization of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film by Excimer Laser Annealing, Ela
8.50am-9.10am Fatima Aldaw Idrees
Study of Silicon Self-assembled Quantum Dots Structure
9.10am-9.30am Mohammad Hassan Khanmirzaei
Computation of DQE of Medical X-ray Radiographic Screen-ﬁlms
xvi

Session 4
10.00am-10.20am Ganesan Krishnan
Optical Efﬁciency Of 1.5 at % Nd:doped Concentration in Nd:YVO4 Oscillator
10.20am-10.40am Iraj Sadegh Amiri
10.40am-11.00am Abdolkarim Afroozeh
11.00am-11.20am Mojgan Kouhnavard
Soliton Signals and The Effect of Coupling Coefﬁcient in MRR Systems
11.20am-11.40pm Mohd Ariff Bin Admon
Unsteady Free Convection Flow at a Stagnation Point of a Three-dimensional
Body with Internal Heat Generation.
11.40am-12.00pm Muhammad Arif Bin Jalil
Finesse Improvements of Light Pulses within MRR System
xvii

PLENARY
Mathematical Methods in Cancer and Brain Research - New Approach, Invention, and Practice
Takashi Suzuki
Division of Mathematical Science, Department of Systems Innovation,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University.
E-mail:suzuki@sigmath.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
Mathematical medicine is a new ﬁeld. It is a collaboration between medical and mathematical sciences and several new creative
studies have emerged from it. The talk is on two topics involved by our project, cancer tissue exploration using homology and
brain activity research based on new source identiﬁcation theory.
1

CHEMISTRY
Study on Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid using Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV)
Technique in Aqueous Medium
Nor Haﬁzah Yasin and Rahmalan Ahamad∗
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:rahmalan@utm.my
Widespread application of pesticides including glyphosate to control weeds has resulted in contamination of their residues in
the environment. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid, a metabolite of glyphosate can be found in crops, vegetables,
fruits, soil and also ground water. It is not surprising that the usage of this compound generates many problems related to the
environmental contamination and health issues. There is need for the development of a simple and effective method for the
determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in the environment samples. In this study, application of dif-
ferential pulse voltammetric technique has been investigated for the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic
acid in aqueous solutions. Optimization of the technique involved studies on the effect of supporting electrolyte, pH, scan rate
and initial potentials. An optimum condition for the differential pulse voltammetry of glyphosate was found by using phosphate
buffer saline at pH 6.0, scan rate of 40mv/s and initial potentials of -600 mv vs Ag/AgCl. Similar investigations are also carried
out for the aminomethylphosphonic acid.
Keywords: Glyphosate, Aminomethylphosphonic Acid, Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Characterization of Solid Pineapple Waste in The Presence of Selenium
Z. Erna Izaini, A. Rahmalan∗
E-mail:rahmalan@utm.my
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is required to support human and animal biochemical process. This element
is available through consumption of food stuff especially vegetables. However, mostly local vegetables contain very low
concentration of Se due to the low amount of Se in soil. Therefore, solid pineapple waste (SPW), an abundant agriculture waste
in Malaysia, was utilized as Se enriched soil enhancer by adsorption of Se. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the
effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial pH, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process. Results
obtained from these studies were analyzed using various kinetic models and isotherms. The parameters of pseudo ﬁrst order and
pseudo second order models were determined to study the kinetic of adsorption of Se onto SPW. Equilibrium isotherms were
analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. Thus, it revealed that SPW potentially effective as Se absorbent
in order to produced Se-enriched soil enhancer as well as added value for local agriculture industry in terms of superior soil
management and fertilization process.
Keywords: Adsorption, Selenium, Solid Pineapple Waste
3

FSPGC 2010 5-7 OCTOBER 2010, Malaysia
Removal of Chromium from Electroplating Wastewater using Cr (VI) - Reducing Biofilm Systems
N. Mohammed∗
, W. A. Ahmad
E-mail:fadilah 85@yahoo.com
Hexavalent chromium contamination in the environment is a result of the extensive use of chromate and dichromate in nu-
merous industries including electroplating, stainless-steel production and pigment fabrication. The existence of heavy metal
in the environment represents a very significant and long-term environmental hazard. The conventional treatments are not
cost effective and generate large amounts of sludge due to various chemical reagents used. Biological treatment i.e. biofilm
reactors arouse great interest due to high performance and stability in wastewater treatment. In this study, a lab-scale bioreac-
tor consisting of Acinetobacter haemolyticus immobilized on wood husk has been set up for Cr (VI) bioremediation system.
The chromium removal process was carried out at the laboratory - scale for 90 days using different batches of electroplating
wastewater containing Cr (VI) ranging from 35 - 231 mg L−1
. The biofilm was able to completely reduce 100 mg L−1
Cr (VI)
in 6 h while a longer contact time (18 h) was needed for higher Cr (VI) concentrations. The Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscope (FESEM) analysis of the biofilm showed the embedding of bacterial cells in extracellular polymeric substances
(EPS).
Keywords: Biofilm reactor, Chromium; Acinetobacter haemolyticus, EPS
Cr(III) Biosorption using Acinetobacter haemolyticus
S.K. Yahya∗
and W.A. Ahmad
E-mail:chikko 912@yahoo.com
The use of biological materials for effective removal of heavy metals from contaminated wastewaters has emerged as a potential
alternative method to conventional treatment techniques. Hence, the aims of this study is to use Acinetobacter hemolyticus (A.
haemolyticus) as sorbent for Cr(III) biosorption. The parameters affecting Cr(III) biosorption process including pH, biomass
dosage, initial Cr(III) concentration and contact time will be optimized using batch studies. From the results, the highest Cr
(III) uptake by the biosorbent were obtained at pH 5, 15 mg/mL (wet weight) of biosorbent dosage and 100 mg/L of initial
Cr(III) concentration at 15 minutes of contact time. The experimental data fitted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm well
with correlation coefficient values (R2
) of 0.973 and 0.947 respectively. The advantages of this biological technique are low
operating cost, no secondary sludge generated and very efficient when applied at low metal concentration (below 100 mg/L).
Thus, the application of this technique is very useful for heavy metal based industry.
Keywords: Biosorption, Cr(III), Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Batch study, Isotherm
Chemical Oxygen Demand Reduction of Pineapple Industry Wastewater using Bacteria in Batch system
N.S. Musa, W. A. Ahmad∗
E-mail:azlina@kimia.fs.utm.my
Wastewater that has been produced from pineapple processing industry contains high amounts of Biochemical Oxygen Demand
(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), color, and turbidity. The higher concentration of COD in wastewater is toxic to
biological life. Many methods can be used to treat the wastewater such as electrochemical oxidation, activated carbon and
chemical coagulation. However, these methods are costly and require many reagents. Biological treatment may be a good
alternative since its operational cost is less compared to the conventional methods. In this study, the effectiveness of COD
reduction involving a single bacterial culture, A, B, C, D, E, G, H and I, isolated from pineapple industry wastewater were
used in batch system. The COD reduction of pineapple industry wastewater was carried out in shake flasks. The performance
of these systems was monitored after 24 hours to identify the most efficient COD reducing bacteria. The COD reduction was
analyzed using a Hach DR/4000 U spectrophotometer. The bacteria D, G and I showed a maximal COD reduction of 34%,
33% and 31% respectively after 24 hours exposure to wastewater. The bacteria D, G and I were identified as the most efficient
COD reducing bacteria. FESEM analysis showed that bacteria D, G and I appeared as rod shaped.
Keywords: Chemical oxygen demand, Pineapple industry wastewater, Sugar cane baggase.
4

Isolation and Characterization of Phenol Degrading Bacterial Consortium from Phenol Contaminated
Environment
J.K. Lee∗
, Wan Azlina Ahmad
E-mail:jinkuang8@yahoo.com
Phenol is one of the chemicals which has been widely used in the industries and can be generally found in the wastewater
from the industries. In spite of its toxicity, there are microorganisms which can utilize phenol as source of carbon and energy.
Biological treatment involving bacteria, which is known to be more cost effective and environmental friendly has been proposed
for the biodegradation of phenol. In this research, isolation of phenol degrading bacteria from contaminated soil and wastewater
was carried out at a wastewater treatment plant of an oil refinery. Phenol degradation test on the isolated pure bacterial cultures
showed no significant phenol degradation. Thus, phenol adaptations for the mixed bacterial culture were carried out using
enrichment method. As a result, the mixed bacterial cultures were able to grow in basal salt medium (BSM) containing phenol
as sole carbon source. After 2 months of phenol adaptation, three high phenol tolerant mixed bacterial cultures namely M1,
M2 and M3, which have the ability to degrade phenol, were isolated. After further phenol adaptation for 4 months, the mixed
bacterial cultures showed faster phenol degradation. The best performance mixed culture, M2 was able to degrade phenol
concentrations at 100, 250, 500, 1000 ppm in 1, 2 3 and 5 days respectively.
Keywords: Mixed Bacteria; Phenol; Degradation
The effect of pH in Surface Modification of Carbon Nanotubes for Tyrosinase Immobilization
Z.A. Majid∗
, N.A.M. Sabri, N.Z. Buang
E-mail:zaiton@fs.kimia.utm.my
The effect of pH in oxidation by potassium permanganate on the structural integrity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWC-
NTs) has been studied. In order to purify the as synthesized material, a non-oxidative treatment (with hydrochloric acid) was
also applied. Electron microscopy clearly revealed that the MWCNTs treated under highly acidic condition through ultrasoni-
cation and stirring suffered the highest degree of degradation, such as, nanotube shortening and additional defect generation in
the graphitic network. Basic condition oxidative treatment led to the complete removal of amorphous carbon and metal oxide
impurities but the structural integrity was found to be intact. FT- Infrared spectroscopy was employed to confirm the different
functionalities produced, whereas titration measurements determined the relative concentration of carboxylic functions onto the
graphitic surface. Moreover, a general relationship between the chemical treatment and the possible changes in the structure
was established by means of XRD or FESEM.
Keywords: carbon nanotubes, oxidation, immobilization
Mercury Removal from Metal Surfaces and In Aqueous Medium Using Chemical Treatment and
Photocatalytic Technique
F.I. Khairuddin∗
, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar, R. Ali
E-mail:ilyanakhairuddin@gmail.com
Mercury is of great concern receiving a major focus which can result in devastating neurological damage and death. Thus, any
waste containing this pollutants shoud be treated in a safe manner before they can be safely disposed to the environment. In
this study, there were two ways to contaminate the carbon steels which were using droplet Hg and by physisorption of liquid
mercury with the carbon steel. For mercury removal from carbon steel, nitric acid with the concentration of 0.6 M, 0.5 M, 0.4 M
and 0.3 M of HNO3 was used to treat the mercury. Corrosion inhibitor was performed at the second stage to avoid the corrosion
of the carbon steel. Then, the samples were analyzed using Mercuric Hydride System, Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (MHS-
AAS) for data collections. In final analysis, percentage of mercury removal was 89.13% using 0.6 M HNO3, 85.68% by 0.5 M
HNO3, 49.54% using 0.4 M HNO3 and 24.73% when 0.3 M HNO3 was used. Next potassium iodide/iodine lixiviant was used
for treatment of decontamination of carbon steel by Hg droplet and physisorption of Hg. 2.0M KI/0.2M I2 succeed in removing
5

89.12% for Hg droplet and 92.18% for physisorption, 69.21% and 70.35% respectively by 1.0M KI/0.1M I2, 34.21% and
36.75% respectively by 0.1M KI/0.01M I2, and 30.74% and 33.32% respectively by 0.05M KI/0.005M I2. While for mercury
removal from aqueous medium, activated carbon was used. Removal of mercury using 50 ppm of AC portrays the best result
which showed 4.157ppm of mercury content after final analysis while 400ppm of AC showed 0.9669ppm of mercury content
after final treatment. Next, TiO2-sol with different supporting materials which were Pyrex glass, tiles and alumina were used in
the treatment of mercury. TiO2 supported with tiles gave highest mercury removal with 93.21% followed by glass with 87.21%
and alumina with 82.31% of mercury removal.
Keywords: Hg droplet, physisorption, TiO2-sol.
The Effect of Tungsten Oxide Loading on the Tungstated Zirconia Solid Super Acid Catalyst
Ainul Hakimah Karim1, Sugeng Triwahyono1∗
, Aishah Abdul Jalil2
, Nurun Najwa Ruslan1
, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati1
,
Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah1
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies,
2
Dept. of Chemical Eng., Fac. of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:sugeng@ibnusina.utm.my
The effect of WO3 loading (5,10,13,15 and 20 wt%) on WO3-ZrO2 catalysts was studied. WO3-ZrO2 catalysts were pre-
pared by impregnation of Zr(OH)4 with ammonium metatungstate complex solution at different concentration, followed by
calcination at 1093 K in air for 3 h. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, ammonia
temperature-programmed desorption, pyridine-preadsorbed FTIR spectroscopy, hydrogen adsorption and catalytic activity for
n-butane isomerization in the presence of hydrogen. The addition of WO3 increased the tetragonal phase of zirconia from
62 to 96 % and increased the surface density of WO3 from 3.9 to 11.8 WO3/nm2
-cat. The monolayer coverage of WO3 on
ZrO2 was observed at 13 wt% of WO3 with the specific surface area of 51 m2
/g. The further addition of WO3 developed a
multi layer structure of zirconia and decreased the specific surface area of catalyst slightly. Pyridine preadsorbed FTIR and
temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia confirmed that 13 wt% WO3-ZrO2 showed a highest and strongest acidity
than others sample due to the highest surface area and monolayer structure of WO3 on ZrO2. The addition of 13 wt% WO3
on ZrO2 also showed a maximum rate in the formation of protonic acid sites from molecular hydrogen and hydrogen uptake
capacity. The mechanism of formation of protonic acid sites from molecular hydrogen is proposed based on the concept of
“Molecular hydrogen-originated protonic acid sites” in which the molecular hydrogen dissociates into hydrogen atoms on the
acidic sites followed by spillover of the hydrogen atom and formation of protonic acid sites near to the Lewis acid sites. Highest
rate of formation of protonic acid sites and amount of hydrogen uptake may correspond to the presence of highest number of
Lewis acid sites which facilitated in the formation of protonic acid sites and hydrogen uptake. The n-butane isomerisation
revealed that 13 wt% WO3 on ZrO2 showed a highest catalytic activity with the yield of iso-butane was about 8 mol % for the
reaction under hydrogen atmosphere. Whereas, in the absence of hydrogen, all sample showed zero-activities for n-butane iso-
merisation. Based on the above results, we suggested that 13 wt% WO3 loaded ZrO2 is a most appropriate catalyst for n-butane
isomerisation in the presence of hydrogen due to the highest surface area, strong acidity and has ability to form highest number
of protonic acid sites which act as active sites in the isomerization process.
Keywords: tungsten oxide, tungstated zirconia, isomerization.
Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel
M.J.F Jasni∗
, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar, R. Ali
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UTM,Johor Bahru,Malaysia
E-mail:azzuri isle@yahoo.com
The oxidation reaction was carried out to achieve very low sulphur concentration in the model diesel fuel by using tert-butyl
hydroperoxide (TBHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidizing agent. The experiment was conducted using Co-Mn/Al2O3
in the presence of acetonitrile as solvent and the reaction performed at 60’C followed by extraction with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP). The effect of catalyst preparation, oxidants, molar ratio of oxidants, bimetallic catalyst, dopants, reaction temperature
and solvent extraction were studied to achieve optimum condition for sulphur removal in the diesel fuel. The obtained result
revealed that the presence of cobalt on Mn/Al2O3 give higher sulphur removal which achieved 58-98% as compared to tungsten
on Mn/Al2O3. Moreover, extraction process with NMP gives significant sulphur removal which can accomplished at 95 -
6

100% as compared to acetonitrile and methanol. The optimum conditions for oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel
was performed at 60’C which oxidant = TBHP, molar ratio of TBHP/S = 3, catalyst = Co-Mn/Al2O3 and solvent extraction
= NMP where the sulphur contents can be reduced from 600 ppm to 10 ppm after analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame
Photometric Detector (GC-FPD).
Keywords: Oxidative, Co-Mn/Al2O3, 1-Methyl-2 Pyrrolidone.
Leaw Wai Loon*, Dr. Che Rozid Mamat
E-mail:wlleaw@gmail.com
This study will report the misalignment of the director in the liquid crystals when an aligning field presents. This is made
possible by doping liquid crystals with guest molecules, having confined geometries; aerosil. The random director distribution
for liquid crystal host is determined using our main investigative tool, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). Aerosil will be employed
to destroy the director distribution in liquid crystals, 5CB and ZLI-4792. This random director distribution for liquid crystals
will be then compared with the simulated ESR spectra that were derived from the torque-balance equation. Experimental
parameters of ESR condition will be varied throughout the experiment to optimize the results obtained. We expected that guest
molecules would randomize the liquid crystals director to the most, thus the competition between magnetic field and surface
field could be determined.
Keywords: Liquid crystals, director misalignment, aerosil.
Electrodeposition of Titanium Dioxide and Tungsten Trioxide on Zn/ZnO Plate for the Degradation of
Petrochemical Wastewater
S.A. Saadon∗
, R. Ali, W.A. Wan Abu Bakar
E-mail:brontoks 87@yahoo.com
The aims of the present study is to investigate the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor photocatalyst namely Zn/ZnO/TiO2
for the photodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in aqueous solution under UV-light (6 W, λ = 365 nm). In the
optimization of Zn/ZnO preparation by anodic oxidation process on zinc plate, it was found that the optimum condition for
electrolyte solution (NaOH) was 0.8 M. TiO2 photocatalyst was deposited on Zn/ZnO plate by electrodeposition method in an
electrolyte of a mixture solution containing ammonium titanyl oxalate monohydrate, (NH4)2[TiO(C2O4)2].H2O and hydrated
oxalic acid, (COOH)2.2H2O. This study has investigated the comparison of MTBE removal efficiencies in various TiO2 systems
(UV, UV/Zn/ZnO/TiO2, UV/TiO2, Zn/ZnO/TiO2 and TiO2) by using UV light and without UV light. The results showed that
two systems with the combination use of UV and TiO2 had a significantly higher MTBE removal than the UV alone, TiO2 alone
and Zn/ZnO/TiO2 alone. Both UV/Zn/ZnO/TiO2 and UV/TiO2 systems reached the same MTBE removal of approximately
90%, but the MTBE removal proceed faster in UV/Zn/ZnO/TiO2 than in UV/TiO2 system. For example, 40% of MTBE was
removed in UV/Zn/ZnO/TiO2 systems in 135 minutes where it needed at least 180 minutes for UV/TiO2 system to achieve the
same percentage of MTBE removal.
Keywords: Electrodeposition method, Photodegradation, TiO2.
Two-Level Factorial Design for Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Digestion of Biological
Samples
Yuhanees M. Yusof, Azli B. Sulaiman∗
E-mail:azli@kimia.fs.utm.my
Ultrasonic-assisted digestion has been recently proposed as an efficient method for extraction of trace metals from solid matri-
ces. It is an alternative strategy to the conventional sample pre-treatment methods based on dry-, wet-ashing and microwave
digestion prior to the solid samples analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on two-level factorial design with
7

four variables was successfully implemented for the optimization study of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic digestion (USAED)
conditions with application of ultrasonic probe. The interactions and modelled graph between the factors, which are volume
of enzyme used, time of sonication and weight of sample, were explored. Trace metals (Cu, Ni and Zn) were determined
using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The total of 28 experiments was conducted; which give high coefficient
of determination of the model for all the trace metals. This indicated the suitability of the model for adequately representing the
real relationship among the parameters studied. TORT-2 reference material was used for method validation and metals recovery
for Cu, Ni and Zn were 86.20 %, 87.10 % and 104.86 % respectively. The Response Surface Methodological indicated that
enzyme volume of 150 µL, sonication time of 10 min and sample weight of 0.3 g were the optimum conditions for digestion of
TORT-2 reference material and biological samples using ultrasonic probe.
Keywords: Optimization, Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic digestion, Ultrasonic probe, Two-level factorial design
Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles Induced by Ultrasonication Irradiation with
Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agents
N.A. Kamaruzaman1
, A. Mohd Yusof 1∗
, A.R.Mohd Yusoff1
, N.A.Abdul Rashid2
and S. Shahir2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
2
Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:alias@kimia.fs.utm.my
Over the past few years, there have been several reports on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SN) such as Se nanorods,
Se nanowires and Se nanospheres using different methods. It is attracting more and more attention due to their excellent
photoelectric performance and high biological activity. SN was formed via the reduction of selenious acid by ascorbic acid
with simultaneous inducement by ultrasonic irradiation before aging the solution in the dark. Ultrasonic treatment and aging
time is a crucial step in the synthesis of amorphous Se (a-Se) to yield good SN with high purity. The products were characterized
using XRD, TGA and FESEM. TGA results showed that about 97.51% of weight Se loss confirmed that the SN has a higher
purity. The morphology of synthesized SN was obtained as nanowires with a diameter in the range of 50-300 nm. In conclusion,
this method can provide a simple method, low cost, environmentally friendly, requiring short duration for the preparation and
that it may offer more opportunities in its application in nanomaterials technology.
Keywords: Selenium nanoparticles, ascorbic acid, ultrasonic irradiation, nanowires
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Corrosion of Carbon steel in Different Type of Soils
Amy Wahida Mohamad Sa’adan∗
, Madzlan Aziz
E-mail:awahida msaadan@yahoo.com
Underground pipelines and steel structures are usually expected to have a long working life. The fundamental cause of the
deterioration of pipeline buried underground is soil corrosion. Soil corrosion is primarily influenced by the following factors; the
present of soil moisture, the oxygen supply, the redox potential, the pH value, the soil resistivity and also by microbial activity.
An increase in soil water content has a number of disadvantages such as swelling, shrinkage, and cohesion decreases which
affect directly on the interaction of pipelines, causing deterioration of pipeline material and also cause damage of infrastructure
above this soil. In this study, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on corrosion of carbon steel in different type of soils, namely
laterite, yellowish soil, and kaolin was carried out. The effect of temperature, moisture content, and the pH value of soil
solution play an important role on the corrosion of carbon steels. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameter has been studied
using gravimetric method in the temperature range of 30’C-70’C for 1-5 days. Kinetic parameter which is activation energy,
Ea∗
and thermodynamic parameters such as the enthalpy of activation, ∆H∗
the entropy of activation, ∆S∗
and the Gibbs free
energy, ∆G∗
for the corrosion of carbon steel in different types of soils were calculated from Arrhenius equation. The results
indicated that yellowish soil have the highest corrosion rate followed by laterite and the lowest is kaolin.
Keywords: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, Corrosion in Soil, Carbon Steel, Gravimetric Method.
8

Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid by Thiophene Derivatives
Sharfawati Che Soh∗
, Madzlan Aziz
E-mail:sharfawati cs@yahoo.com
The use of inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for protection against corrosion especially in acidic media. Sulphur
or nitrogen atom containing heterocyclic compounds are considered to be effective corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition of the
corrosion on the carbon steel in 2 M HCl solution by thiophene derivatives is studied using weight loss and electrochemical
method. Thiophene derivatives studied are 2-methyl thiophene and 2-aminomethyl thiophene. The results obtained noticed
that the thiophene derivatives are efficient inhibitors. 2-aminomethyl thiophene was a good inhibitor compared to 2-methyl
thiophene. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency of the investigated compound was found to depend on the concen-
tration. The inhibition efficiencies are increased by increase of the inhibitors concentration. The effect of temperature on the
corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 2 M HCl without and with inhibitors are studied in the temperature range from 3’C to 9’C.
According to the studying temperature has a great effect on the corrosion phenomenon. The effect of temperature showed that
the corrosion rate increased with the rise of temperature but the inhibition efficiency of the investigated compounds decreased
with increasing temperatures. The inhibitors act by adsorption on the carbon steel surface. The activation and thermodynamic
parameters Ea, ∆H and ∆S were calculated.
Keywords: Corrosion inhibitor, Thiophene derivatives, Carbon Steel, Weight loss method, Electrochemical method.
Synthesis of Polycrystalline Bismuth Titanate via Hot Injection Method
Shih Ween Yong, Hartini Khairi Osman, Jamilah Mohd Ekhsan, Siew Ling Lee∗
E-mail:sllee@ibnusina.utm.my
Polycrystalline bismuth titanate, Bi12TiO20 compound was synthesized for the first time via hot injection method. During
the synthesis process, titanium butoxide was injected into a hot solvent which consisted of bismuth nitrate and nitric acid as
the solvent at 130’C. The rapid injection of titanium precursor into the hot solvent at 130’C resulted in a very fast nucleation,
followed by the growth of nuclei at low temperature. The synthesized compound was characterized with XRD, FESEM and also
UV-Vis. The XRD spectra showed a variety of spectra at different calcinations temperatures, implying a distorted orientation
phase of the compound. A single phase of polycrystalline bismuth titanate of Bi12TiO20 was formed at 800’C for 3 hours.
FESEM images illustrated observation of sintering effect in the compound calcined at 800’C.
Keywords: Polycrystalline Bismuth Titanate, Hot Injection Method.
Synthesis of Nanosodalite without Organic Template using Hydrothermal Method
S. H. A. Rusmili1
, N. A. Nasir1
and Z. Ramli1,2
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
2
Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:nil
Sodalite is a type of zeolite having the smallest pores in its framework. It is a microporous tectosilicate of general composition
M8[AlSO4]6.X2 with a unique structure consisting of only β-cages forming in its clusters. Sodalite is a promising candidate
in applications in material science and waste management. Recently, sodalite in nano-size has been synthesized due to the
property as nanomaterial such as enhancing the surface area providing it attractive possibilities to explore their full potential in
applications. Normally, nanosodalite is synthesized in the presence of organic additives. However, in this study, nanosodalite
was synthesized using direct hydrothermal method without the use of organic template. Nanosodalite was synthesized using
various silica sources (i.e: fume silica, rice husk ash, colloidal silica) in alkali medium through hydrothermal reaction in various
time (2, 3, 4, 5, 24 hours) with the gel oxide molar composition, 19Na2O:4SiO2:1Al2O3:190H2O at 60’C and static condition.
All products formed were characterized using XRD, FTIR and FESEM. Interpretation of XRD data which is in agreement
with image obtained from FESEM showed that a pure nanocrystal size sodalite was successfully synthesized with average
crystallites size of 40nm to 70nm in three hours time using fume silica. On the other hand, products synthesized at 24 hours
results the formation of a mixture of sodalite and zeolite P in microsize. In conclusion, time of crystallization is vital for the
9

formation of nanosodalite crystal.
Keywords:sodalite, silica sources, hydrothermal treatment, zeolite P.
Effect of Activation Temperature on Basicity of Prepared Aerogel MgO (AP-MgO)
Nur Syazeila Samadi∗
, Mohd Khairul Asyraf Amat Mustajab, Abdul Rahim Yacob
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:purplesyiela@yahoo.com
One of the methods in the preparation of nanocrystals MgO is by using aerogel (AP-MgO) method and it will produced high
surface area MgO. AP-MgO tends to had high surface area compared with commercial MgO due to the smaller particle size.
Detailed characterization involving X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption analysis, FT-IR, TGA and basicity titration
has allowed a rationale to be developed that explain the high chemical reactivities observed especially for AP-MgO. Pore
volume and size distribution, unusual surface morphologies, and trace residual surface -OH and -OCH3 seem to be main factors
allowing these nanoparticulates to be isolable and stable and yet highly relative and results for AP-MgO is emphasized herein.
Keywords:Activation Temperature, Aerogel, Magnesium Oxide and Nanocrystal.
Effect of Phosphoric Acid Concentration on Chemical Activation of Date Frond Waste
Mustapha N.M1∗
, Mustajab M.A.A1
, Yacob A.R1
, and Al Swaidan H.M2
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universtiti Teknologi Malaysia,
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
E-mail:norasyikinmustapha@yahoo.com
Date frond, a low-cost agricultural by-product, was used as a precursor for the production of porous high surface area carbons
by chemical activation using phosphoric acid. The products were chemical characterized by Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA),
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Single Point BET surface Area. TGA indicates drastic weight loss from
130 to 400oC in the formation of carbon, while further heating will transform the carbon to COx with minimal loss of weight.
The effect of chemical concentration towards high surface area carbon have identified that at 50% phosphoric acid 1000 m2
g−1
is achieved with a positive trend till 60% of chemical. Further increase in concentration shows a downward trend of surface
area. This is most probably due to collapse or rupture of the carbon structure, thus lowering the surface area. The formation of
high surface area carbon was further confirmed by FTIR result when compared to commercially obtain activated carbon. FTIR
for 60% phosphoric acid have indicates that chemical activation has successfully convert the raw material to pure high surface
area carbon.
Keywords:Date fronds, chemical activation, phosphoric acid, activated carbon.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Catalyst by Sputter Deposition Technique in Styrene Oxidation with
Magnetic Field
N. Attan∗
, H. Nur, L.S. Ling
Institute Ibnu Sina for Fundamental Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:nursyafreena attan@yahoo.com
Magnetic field can attract or aligned material with magnetic dipole moment thus it was expected to affect the adsorption process
in catalytic activity and selectivity. However the effect of magnetic field had never been tested towards catalytic field. The goal
of this study is to design new heterogeneous catalytic systems to achieve a high catalytic activity and selectivity by applying
magnetic field. In this study, gold nanoparticle was used as a catalyst since it was proved to be very paramagnetic. Gold
nanoparticles with quantum size (¡10 nm) have demonstrated high catalytic activity for both oxidation and reduction reactions.
Sputter deposition technique was used to sputter gold nanoparticle onto bronze foil as the template with varies sputtering time;
5, 10 and 20 seconds. To determine the magnetic field value, experiment of law of Biot-Savart was done. The results show
that Au (5 seconds) gave the highest magnetic filed 8.10.2 x 10-6 Tesla followed by Au (10 seconds) and Au (20 seconds) gave
7.8 ±0.2 x 10-6 Tesla and 6.3±0.2 x 10−6
Tesla respectively. This result indicates that longer sputtering time gave higher
amount of gold nanoparticle and increases the thickness of the system. The thickness affects the resistivity of the system
10

and higher resistivity decreased the magnetic field value. Micrographs of Au (5 seconds) shows the nanoparticle pattern was
circular, well-monolayered and singular nanoparticle compared to Au (10 seconds) and Au (20 seconds). The results proved
that nanoparticles were successfully prepared but the amount of nanoparticle in monolayer and singular form is very limited.
The catalyst systems undergo catalytic testing in oxidation of styrene with magnetic field and the results was compared to
reaction without magnetic field.
Keywords:Gold nanoparticle, Sputter Deposition Technique, Styrene Oxidation,Magnetic Field.
Synthesis of Carbon Macrospheres from Sucrose using Hydrothermal Method
Nur Hidayah Mohd Ran, Hadi Nur, Leny Yuliati∗
, and Siew Ling Lee
Institute Ibnu Sina for Fundamental Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:hadinur@gmail.com
Saccharide such as sucrose is abundant in low cost as it is non-toxic and easily dissolved in water. Carbon spheres were
synthesized by hydrothermal method from it’s carbon precursor, sucrose. The experiment was carried out in an autoclave at
170’C for 5 hours. The effects of sucrose concentration and TEA addition on the size of particle were studied. Particle size
increases as the concentration increased and distribution particle is narrowed. Fortunately, TEA addition into sucrose solution
enlarges particle size and fluctuates as the concentration of TEA increase. Size distribution is broader than without the addition
of TEA.
Keywords:Carbon microspheres, Hydrothermal, Sucrose, TEA.
Selective Oxidation of Styrene and 1-Octene on Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic of Surface-Modified TiO2
Particles using Anhydrous t-Butyl Hydroperoxide
NSurya Lubis1,2
, Leny Yuliati1
, Siew, Ling Lee1
and Hadi Nur1
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia,
2
Universitas syiah Kuala
E-mail:hadinur@gmail.com
Hydrophilic-hydrophobic of surface-modified TiO2 particles were prepared by impregnation of TiO2 with platinum and mag-
nesium using hydrochloroplatinic acid and magnesium chloride hexahydrate as precursor, followed by attachment of alkylsilyl
groups such as octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODMS). The hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity
of surface-modified TiO2 particles was determined by observing their floatability on aqueous acetonitrile. Styrene and 1-
octene were oxidized on bare and surface-modified TiO2 particles by anhydrous t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant
at room temperature for 20 hours. The selectivity of the production of 1,2-epoxyoctane from 1-octene was 100% over bare and
surface-modified TiO2, while selectivity of the production of benzaldehyde from styrene was 100% over TiO2, Mg/Pt/TiO2,
OTS/Pt/TiO2, ODMS/Pt/TiO2 and 96% over Pt/TiO2 catalyst. Benzaldehyde generated from oxidation of styrene and 1,2-
epoxyoctane produced from oxidation of 1-octene over ODMS/Pt/TiO2 catalyst were higher than that over OTS/Pt/TiO2 cata-
lyst. These results indicated that the functional groups introduced onto the surface of TiO2 particle play an important role in
catalytic oxidation reaction.
Keywords:Titanium(IV)dioxide, Alkylsilyl groups, Hydrophilic, Hydiphobic.
11

MATHEMATICS
Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression Model with Right Censoring Count Data
S.E. Saffari ∗
, Robiah Adnan
Department of Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:ehsanreiki@yahoo.com
A Poisson model typically is assumed for count data, but when there are so many zeros in the response variable, because of
over dispersion, a negative binomial regression is suggested as a count regression instead of Poisson regression. In this paper,
a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model with right censoring count data is developed. In this model, we consider a
response variable and one or more than one explanatory variables. The estimation of regression parameters using the maximum
likelihood method is discussed and the goodness-of-fit for the regression model is examined. We study the effects of censoring
in terms of parameters estimation and their standard errors via simulation.
Keywords: Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial, Censored Data, Maximum Likelihood, Simulation
Computing the Commutator Subgroup for Some Groups of Composite Order using of Sylow Theorems
S.Rashid1∗
, N.H.Sarmin2
, A.Erfanian3
, N.M.Mohd Ali4
1,2,4
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
3
Department of Mathematics and Center of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures, Ferdowsi University of Masshad,
Masshad, Iran
E-mail:samadrashid47@yahoo.com
Let G be a group and x, y be elements of G, the commutator of x and y is [x, y] = x−1
y−1
xy and the commutator subgroup
G′
is generated by all commutators. In this talk we present a usage of Sylow theorems in order to compute the commutator
subgroup for some groups of order p3
q up to isomorphism..
Keywords: Commutator subgroup, Sylow theorems
13

A New Numerical Algorithm in Finite Difference Formulations for Solving Navier Stokes Equations
Nursalasawati Rusli1∗
, Erwan Hafizi Kasiman2
, Airil Yasreen Mohd Yassin2
, Ahmad Kueh Beng Hong2
, Norsarahaida Amin3
1
Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis,
2
Steel Technology Centre, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:nursalasawati@unimap.edu.my
A new numerical algorithm for solving the two-dimensional, steady, incompressible, laminar, viscous flow equations on a
staggered grid is presented. The proposed methodology is finite difference based, but essentially takes advantage of the best
features of two well-established numerical formulations, the finite difference and finite volume methods. The finite difference
formulation developed above is applied to two well-established benchmark problems, namely, the developing laminar flow in
a straight rectangular duct and flow in a lid-driven cavity. These problems are considered to be important validation test cases
for any numerical method. It can be concluded that within the family of finite difference methods for the solution of steady
incompressible flows, this new approach provides a viable alternative for handling the pressure of the flow.
Keywords: Finite difference methods, Navier-Stokes equations, Incompressible flow, Staggered grid; Pressure correction equa-
tion
An Expectation Solution of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control Problem using DISOPE
Algorithm
Sie-Long, Kek∗
, Mohd Ismail Abdul Aziz, Rohanin Ahmad
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:slkek@uthm.edu.my
Nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem is an interesting problem. It is because in presence of random disturbances the
exact solution cannot be obtained entirely. So as in this paper we propose an efficient approach to obtain the expectation solution
of nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem in discrete-time. This approach solves a simplified model-based optimal control
problem, which is a linear quadratic regulator optimal control model, instead of solving the original optimal control problem.
The differences among the real plant and the model used are captured by the adjusted parameters to optimize the model-based
optimal control problem and the produced optimum will update the adjusted parameters iteratively. This interaction on system
optimization and parameter estimation occurs such that the correct expectation solution of original optimal control problem
could be obtained despite of model-reality differences. We also hypothesize that the expectation solution falls in the acceptance
region with 95% confidence level. An example is studied to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. We conclude that
this algorithm is highly applicable for expectation solution of the discrete-time nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem.
Keywords: Nonlinear stochastic optimal control, Expectation solution, Confidence level, DISOPE algorithm, Model-reality
differences
An Integral Equation with a Modified Neumann Kernel for Conformal Mapping of Bounded Multiply
Connected Regions onto a Parallel Slit Region
Ali W. Kareem Sangawi∗
, Ali H. M. Murid, M. M. S. Nasser
1,2
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ibb University,Yemen.
E-mail:alisangawi2000@yahoo.com
A boundary integral equation method is an important method for numerical approximation of conformal mapping functions of
bounded multiply connected regions to the standard canonical slits regions. This paper presents a new boundary integral equa-
tion for computing the conformal mapping function f of multiply connected regions onto a parallel slit region. The kernel of the
integral equation is a modified Neumann kernel. This boundary integral equation is constructed from a boundary relationship
satisfied by a function which is analytic in a multiply connected region bounded by smooth Jordan curves.
Keywords: Conformal mapping, Boundary integral equations, Multiply connected region, Parallel slit region, Modified Neu-
mann kernel.
14

TL-Moments of The Generalized Extreme Value Type 1 Distribution
Ummi Nadiah Ahmad∗
, Ani Shabri
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:umminadiahahmad@gmail.com
One of the major problems in hydrologic design is the estimation of maximum floods. In this paper, the trimmed L-Moments
with one smallest value were trimmed (TLMOM1) was introduced as an alternative ways in estimating the flood for a higher
return period. TLMOM1 assign zero weight on smallest extreme value which give them an ability to reduce undesirable
influence of small sample might have of large return period. The main objective of this study is to derive the TLMOM1 for
generalized extreme value type 1 (GEV) distribution. The performance of the TLMOM1 was compared with L-Moments
(LMOM) through Monte Carlo simulation data and the stream flow data. The result shows that for some cases, TLMOM1 is a
better option as compared to LMOM method in modeling those series.
Keywords: L-Moments, TL-Moments, Generalized extreme value type 1 distribution, Parameter estimation.
Fariba Karimi1∗
, Nor Haniza Sarmin1
, Fong Wan Heng2
1
2
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:fk.karimi@gmail.com
Tom Head introduced the concept of splicing system in 1987 as a mathematical model for the recombinant behaviour of DNA
molecules under the influence of restriction enzymes. The formalism of splicing system is illustrated under the framework of
Formal Language Theory which is a branch of applied discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. In this sense,
DNA molecules and restriction enzymes are associated with strings and rules, respectively. Different types of splicing systems
have been defined by Head and other researchers. Some important ones are permanent, persistent and strictly locally testable
splicing systems. In this paper, some sufficient conditions are provided for splicing systems to be permanent. Besides, some
examples are given to illustrate the theorems in the biological sense.
Keywords: Splicing Systems, Permanent Splicing Systems, DNA Molecules, Formal Language Theory.
PL-moments for Statistical Analysis of Extreme Events
Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria∗
, Ani Shabri
1
2
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:nil
Observed data sets containing values above or below the analytical threshold of measuring equipment are referred to as cen-
sored. Such data are frequently encountered in water quality investigations and stream flow analyses. Partial L-moments
(PL-moments), which are variants of L-moments and analogous to partial probability weighted moments, are defined for es-
timating hydrological extremes of censored flood samples. The method of PL-moments for generalized extreme value (GEV)
distribution is revisited along with two detailed examples. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to illustrate the performance
of using the method of PL-moments to fit the GEV distribution to both GEV and non-GEV samples. Both PL-moments and
simple L-moments then are used to fit the GEV distribution to two annual maximum flow series of River Golok and River
Dabong in Kelantan. Expected result to be found is that PL-moments produce a better fit to the larger flow values than simple
L-moments.
Keywords: L-moments, PL-moments, censored flood samples, generalized extreme value distribution.
15

H. Abd.Rahman∗
, A. Bahar
Department of Mathematics,Faculty of Science,Universiti Teknologi Malysia
E-mail:halizarahman@utm.my
Non-parametric modeling is a non-restrictive, data driven method of estimating a function from a set of data. The spline
methods in non parametric modeling consist of regression spline and smoothing spline. The former via Bayesian approach is
considered in the first step of a two-step method in estimating the structural parameters for SDE. Result obtained by employing
the two step method in fermentation data shows small value of MSE and has little deviation compared with previous non-spline
application.
Keywords: Stochastic differential equation, Regression spline, A two-step method; Bayesian.
A Tabu Search Method for Finding Minimal Multi-Homogeneous Bezout Number
Hassan M. S. Bawazir∗
, Ali Abd Rahman, Nor’aini binti Aris
E-mail:hbawazir@yahoo.com
A homotopy method has two different classes of complexity, degree and geometric complexity. The first class is suitable for
dense polynomial system. In this class we start by estimating the number of the isolated solutions of the system which we
seek to solve, this number comes to be Bezout number. The multi-homogeneous Bezout number of a polynomial system is the
number of paths that one has to trace using homotopy method in order to reach all of the isolated solutions of the system. Each
partition of the variables is mostly corresponds to a different multi-homogeneous Bezout number. It is a crucial problem to
find a partition with the minimum multi-homogeneous Bezout number since the size of the space of all the partitions increases
exponentially. This study presented a new method by producing the Tabu Search Method (TSM) as a powerful technique
for finding minimum multi-homogeneous Bezout number. A comparison is made between the new method and some recent
methods. It is shown that our algorithm is superior to the latter, besides being simple and efficient in the implementation.
Furthermore the present study extended the applicability of the Tabu search method.
Keywords: Multi-homogeneous Bezout number, Polynomial system, Homotopy method, Local search method, Tabu search
method.
Unsteady Free Convection Flow at a Stagnation Point of a Three-Dimensional Body with Internal Heat
Generation
M. A. Admon and S. Sharidan∗
E-mail:sharidan@utm.my
This paper considers the effect of heat generation or absorption in unsteady free convection flow near the stagnation point
region of a three-dimensional body. The fluid is considered in an ambient fluid under the assumption of a step change in the
surface temperature of the body. The non-linear coupled partial differential equations governing the free convection flow are
solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference method for different values of the governing parameters entering these
equations. The results for the flow and heat characteristics show that the transition from the initial unsteady-state flow to the
final steady-state flow takes place smoothly.
Keywords: Free convection, Boundary layer flow, Stagnation point, Heat generation.
16

Properties of Interval-Valued Fuzzy Congruences in Semigroups
F.M. Khan1
∗, N.H. Sarmin1
, M. Shabir2
1
2
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
E-mail:faiz zady@yahoo.com
In the engineering field, there are many problems in which experts do not have precise knowledge of the function that should
be taken. In these cases, the concept of interval-valued fuzzy sets is beneficial. Many researchers have developed the idea of
fuzzy relation. In this paper we generalized the concept of fuzzy relation and defined interval-valued fuzzy relation. We also
defined an interval-valued fuzzy congruence relation on semigroups and introduced a quotient semigroup S/σ by an interval-
valued fuzzy congruence relation σ on a semigroup S. Moreover, we also prove homomorphism Theorems with respect to an
interval-valued fuzzy congruence relation.
Keywords: Interval-valued fuzzy congruence, Interval-valued fuzzy kernel of homomorphism.
Comparison of Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Mean
Monthly River Flow
N.Mohamed Isa1∗
, A.Shabri1
, R.Samsudin2
1
2
Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:nadiramohamedisa@yahoo.com
This paper deals with the application of group method of data handling (GMDH) in time series forecasting. The objective of
this paper is to examine the flexibility of modified GMDH in time series forecasting by using with mean monthly river flows.
A time series data set is used in this study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the forecasting model. This data are utilized to
forecast through an application aimed to handle real life time series. The experiment was compared to two individual forecasting
artificial neural network (ANN) and polynomial function in GMDH. In this study, it shows that the modified GMDH with three
functions which were radial basis, sigmoid and tangent hyperbolic provide a promising technique in time series forecasting
techniques.
Keywords: Time series, Group Method of Data Handling, Forecasting, Artificial Neural Network.
Simulating Hourly Rainfall Process Using Spatial Temporal Neyman Scott Model
Norzaida Abas1∗
, Zalina M. Daud2
and Fadhilah Yusof3
1
School of Professional and Continuing Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
2
Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
3
Mathematics Dept, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:zaida@ic.utm.my
Spatial variability of rainfall is an important factor in various hydrological studies nevertheless it is frequently overlooked. In
particular, the studies on runoff and soil erosion of a catchment depend on both spatial and temporal modelling of rainfall
process. While single site rainfall models are valuable in producing synthetic data, they are incapable of explaining the spatial
dependency of rainfall series that exist between sites. Stochastic models with multisites approach offer an alternative means
by generating rainfall series which combines the temporal and spatial aspect of rainfall process. With such mechanism, these
models are used to generate rainfall series at ungauged sites. This study examines the suitability of the Spatial Temporal
Neyman Scott Rectangular Pulse (ST-NSRP) model in simulating hourly rainfall process in a tropical urban region. The ST-
NSRP model has a modest number of parameters to represent the physical process of rainfall in space and time. The model
is stationary in both dimensions, therefore the parameters are estimated according to months and data for each site are scaled
according to the site mean. Statistical characteristics of the observed data such as site mean, variance, lag one correlation and
skewness over a ten year period are derived by merging the data across the sites and across the years. The parameters are
estimated based on the method of moment and SCE optimization technique. The statistical characteristics used are hourly and
daily coefficient of variation, hourly and daily lag one auto correlation, between sites cross correlation and hourly skewness of
rainfall series. Comparison between simulated rainfall series and the historical values acts as an instrument for assessing the
17

model’s performance. Hourly rainfall data from four stations within the Sungai Damansara catchment were used as input for
model’s construction while simulation of hourly series was performed at an arbitrary station within the catchment. Overall the
statistics of simulated series compares well with the statistics of observed data. This study concludes that ST-NSRP model is
suitable for tropical climate to generate synthetic data for ungauged sites or at sites with insufficient data within the perimeter
of the fitted region.
Keywords: Hourly rainfall, Spatial temporal, Tropical region.
Polarized Seismic Waves and Solitary Waves in Hydrodynamics
Dennis Ling Chuan Ching∗
, Zainal Abdul Aziz, Faisal Salah
E-mail:dennos84@yahoo.com
A simple polarization effect in hydrodynamic is presented. Hydrodynamic equation for the nonlinear wave is used along with
the polarized solitary waves and seismic waves. The model is solved by Fourier spectral and Runge-Kutta 4 methods, and the
surface plot is drawn for the surface displacement. Polarized seismic waves and solitary waves with diminutive fault dip angle
are shown to generate higher wave heights.
Keywords: Hydrodynamics equation, Polarization, Solitary wave, Seismic wave.
A Hybrid SOM-LSSVM for Rice Yield Forecasting
DS. Ismail1∗
, A. Shabri1
, R. Samsudin2
1
Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Science, University Technology of Malaysia,
2
Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information System, University Technology of
Malaysia
E-mail:ismail.shuhaida@gmail.com
Forecasting the rice yield is difficult because demand and supply are affected by many unpredictable barriers that interact in a
complex manner. However, the accuracy of prediction in time series has always been a question. This paper proposed a new
method for time series forecasting by hybridizes the LSSVM with the Self Organizing Maps(SOM) to improve the prediction
accuracies. The hybrid system works by SOM is first used to cluster the data into several group containing a similiar distribution.
After the clustering, Least Square Support Vector Machine is applied to forecast the rice yield. The result is compared to other
technique which are single LSSVM and ANN based on Root Mean Square Error(RMSE), Mean Square Error(MAE). The
results show that the performance of time series can be significantly enhanced by using the proposed technique in comparison
with a single LSSVM and ANN. It also indicates that SOM-LSSVM provides a promising alternative technique in time series
forecasting.
Keywords: Time Series Forecasting, Artificial Neural Network, Least Square Support Vector Machine, Self Organizing Maps.
F. N. Abd Manaf1∗
, N. H. Sarmin2
, N. M. Mohd Ali3
, A.Erfanian4
1,2,3
4
Department of Mathematics and Center of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran.
E-mail:fnormahia@yahoo.com
Commutativity degree of a finite group G is defined as the probability that two elements of the group G, chosen randomly with
replacement, commute and denoted as P(G). The notion of P(G) has been introduced by Erdos and Turan in 1968. In 2006,
Mohd Ali and Sarmin has introduced the concepts of n-th commutativity degree which has been computed for some values
of n and some 2-generator 2-group of nilpotency class two. The n-th commutativity degree of a group G is the probability
that the n-th power of a random element commutes with another random element from the same group denoted as Pn(G).
Meanwhile, in 2007, Erfanian et al. has extended the notion of commutativity degree of a finite group by defining the relative
commutativity degree of a finite group G and its subgroup H. The relative commutativity degree of a group G is the probability
for an element of H and an element of G to commute with one another denoted as P(H, G). In this talk, some generalizations
18

on commutativity degree which are P)n(G) and P(H, G) will be presented.
Keywords: Group theory, Commutativity degree, n-th commutativity degree, Relative commutativity degree.
N. Aris ∗
, N.I. Ahmad Zulkifly
E-mail:noraini@mel.fs.utm.my
Determining the special subdivision that can construct a resultant matrix which is at most the size of the existing matrix obtained
from earlier constructions is an open problem which corresponds to understanding the solutions of the resulting systems of
equations. This paper is a preliminary survey on the developments in the techniques of computation of mixed volume method
for Emiris subdivision based algorithm used in constructing sparse resultant matrix. The focus of the paper is to provide some
recent approaches of computing mixed volume to study the mixed volume of suitable systems of polynomial equations for
improving Emiris subdivision based method via lifting and enumeration of mixed cells. Some basic implementations of sparse
resultant computation technique that is the computation of mixed volumes of the systems are also discussed.
Keywords: Mixed volume, Resultants, Bernstein’s theorem, BKK theory, Mixed cells.
Lie Group Structure for the First Problem of Stokes’ For Rotating Flow of Third Grade Fluid
K. Fakhar∗
, Mehri Esmaelli Darafshani,
E-mail:kamran@utm.my
In this paper we have considered the first problem of Stokes’ for the rotating flow of third grade fluid. A method known as Lie
group method which reduces the system of nonlinear partial differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations
on the basis of the underlying symmetry structure has been adopted. The Lie method is quite useful in reducing a complex
system to an easy-to-handle system of ordinary differential equation. As the governing equations describing the fluid motions
are highly complex and nonlinear in nature. Therefore, the Lie group method seems to be an appropriate choice to handle these
nonlinear equations. In this paper we will have found the Lie group structure for problem under discussion and thereby using
the Lie symmetries to obtain the reductions. Further, we have obtained a series type solution for the problem considered.
Keywords: Rotating Flow, third grade fluid, nonlinear partial differential equations, Lie groups, similarity solutions.
S.Y.Ng∗
, Robiah Adnan,
E-mail:yin isaq@yahoo.com
The use of design experiments in an effective way to analyze and optimize a given process is a problem statement which should
be paid more attention to in the engineering field. Frequently, experiments are performed first and then the data will be analyzed
later. In these cases, actually, the concept of the Experimental Design should be applied to design the experiments and performs
it in the selected experiments to get the most effective performance. In experimental design, there are many methods that can
be used; one of them is the exchange algorithm in the D-optimal design. D-optimal designs are based on a computer-aided
exchange procedure which creates the optimal sets of experiments. Previously, many researchers have worked on getting the
best exchange algorithm in D-optimal design. In this paper, we are looking at the algorithm done by Fedorov(1972), Donev and
Atkinson (1989) and our proposed algorithm, kl-Fedorov Algorithm. They used the simultaneous method to find the optimal
determinant of the selected experiments. The aim of this paper is to present a modification of the exchange algorithm done
by Fedorov(1972) and Donev and Atkinson (1989). The outcome of the result is compared simultaneously among different
exact models such as linear, quadratic and interaction model. From the result, it shows that the Fedorov algorithm generate the
best design considering the D-optimality algorithm but it is time-consuming for big data sets which is estimated to take at least
two months to compute while kl-Fedorov algorithm only took 7 seconds. Compared to the Fedorov algorithm, kl-exchange
algorithm is faster due to its methods on reducing the calculated couple between each iteration, but if compared to kl-Fedorov
algorithm, it is still slower than(at least 6 times) our proposed algorithm for big data sets. The error created by kl-Fedorov is
19

less than 0.10% when compared to Fedorov and Donev and Atkinson. However, the selection of the sets of experiments must
be done by the user. As a future work, software should be built to analyze complex conditions of the experiments.
Keywords: Design of experiments, D-optimal design, Exchange Algorithm, Fedorov Algoritm, kl-exchange Algorithm, kl-
Fedorov Algorithm.
Raja Rajeswari d/o Ponnusamy, Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati,
E-mail:rajes17@hotmail.com
Facility Layout Problems (FLPs) are various combinatorial optimization problems, which are known to be NP-hard problems.
Since it is a NP-hard problem, various optimization and heuristic approaches have been proposed. The problem that we are
trying to solve is the automated facility layout design problem using structural ways to generate the ‘best’ machines orientation
to minimize the distance traveled by units of ﬂow, people, material, information, and other supporting services. We propose
a new heuristic for the solution of the non-quadratic assignment problem (non-QAP) to solve the unequal size facility layout
problem (UFLP) with different machine orientation. In particular, this paper presents a basic approach of UFLPs by using the
Simulated Annealing (SA) method. It is hoped that this paper will provide a new perspective for research in UFLPs.
Keywords: Simulated Annealing (SA), Unequal size layout problem and non Quadratic Assignment Problem (non-QAP).
20

PHYSICS
Muhammad Shahid∗
, Noraih Bt Bidin, Yacoob Mat Daood
Laser Technological Lab, Department of Physics, Universiti Technologi Malaysia
E-mail:bluefiber08@gmail.com
The Production and the enhancement of hydrogen on large scale is a goal towards the revolution of green and cheap energy.
In this paper we have used photolysis of K2CO3 mixed water. The role of K2CO3 as a photo catalyst was studied during
electrolysis of drinking water. The Production and the enhancement of hydrogen from the drinking water have been investigated
under the action of diode pumped solid state laser with second harmonic of wavelength 532nm. The efficiency of the hydrogen
and oxygen yields was found to be greater than the normal Faradic efficiency. The parametric dependence of the yields as
a function of laser beam power, irradiation time, Laser focusing effect and parameters of the electrolysis fundamentals were
carefully studied.
Keywords: Photo-catalysis, Photolysis, Oxygen, Hydrogen.
Muhammad Shahid∗
, M.Talha, Amin-u-din Hazrat
Laser Technological Lab, Department of Physics, Universiti Technologi Malaysia
E-mail:bluefiber08@gmail.com
2-D simulation was used to see the behavior of m=0 micro Z-pinch of DT plasma. Motion of DT plasma was studied under the
action of magnetic field B having a current of 10MA, with rise time 10nsec. Behavior of radiation losses due to bremsstrahlung
were established with parameters of time, temperature and Pinch size. The power loss due to bremsstralung radiations was
found to be Tara watts region.
Keywords: Z-Pinch, Plasma, Simulations, Bremsstrahlung radiations.
I. S. Amiri1∗
, M. A. Jalil1
, A. Afroozeh1
, M. Kouhnavard1
, J. Ali1
, P.P. Yupapin2
1
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, EsciNano Research Alliance, University Teknologi Malaysia,
2
Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
E-mail:isafiz@yahoo.com
We present the effect of the ring radius of MRR on both free spectrum range (FSR) and full width half maximum (FWHM).
We will find that the center wavelength and FSR can be controlled easily by changing the ring radius of micro-ring resonator
(MRR). Therefore, both FSR and FWHM can be managed by controlling the ring resonators radius. We will show that both
FSR and FWHM are mainly affected by ring resonator radii and the center wavelength of the output signals. By decreasing the
radius (R) from 16 to 13 µm, the center wavelength of the output signal increases from 400 to 600 nm. Therefore both FSR and
FWHM increase from 0.05 and 0.03 to 0.12 and 0.07 nm, respectively. In this work, two systems are used to investigate the
effect of MRR radius on center wavelength and FSR. The suggested waveguide is fabricated from (InGaAsP/InP) with linear
refractive index n0= 3.34 and the nonlinear refractive index n2 = 2.2 10−17
m2
/W. The waveguide (ring resonator) loss is α
21

=0.5 dBmm−1
and the fractional coupler intensity loss is γ = 0.1. The center wavelength of the input soliton pulse is λ0=1.3
m.
Keywords: Ring resonator, Optical soliton, Self-phase modulation, Group-velocity dispersion.
A. Afroozeh1∗
, M. Kouhnavard1
, I. S. Amiri1
, M. A. Jalil1
, J. Ali1
, P. P. Yupapin2
1
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, EsciNano Research Alliance, University Teknologi Malaysia,
2
Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand
E-mail:afroozeh155@yahoo.com
We present the effect of the center wavelength on MRR performance via promising systems that can be used to solve many
problems in communication systems. The results show that the free spectrum range (FSR) improves by increasing the center
wavelengths of the soliton bands. This is obtained via the add/drop filter, which can be used to increase the channel capacity
in the communication network. In this paper the best FSR and spectral width obtained are 0.598 nm and 0.03 nm, respectively.
This result allows the channel capacity expanding due to the plentiful propagation spacing from the soliton collision. The first
proposed system consists of two ring resonators and add drop device. An optical field in the form of soliton pulse with 20 ns
pulse width and peak power at 2 W is input into the system. The suitable ring parameters are used, for instance, ring radii
R1= 16.0 µm, R2= 5.0 µm, and Rd= 25.0 µm. For practical device, the suitable system achieved by fixing the selected system
parameters to; no = 3.34 (InGaAsP/InP), Aeff = 0.50, 0.25 µm 2 for a microring and add/drop ring resonator, respectively, α=
0.5 dBmm−1
and γ = 0.1. The nonlinear refractive index of the microring is n2=2.2 x 10-17 m2
/W. The coupling coefficient
(κ) of the microring resonator increases from 0.55 to 0.90. In applications, the specific output wavelength range can be filtered
after the second ring by using the add/drop filter device. We found that the output signal with FSR and FWHM of 0.05 nm and
0.03 nm are obtained, respectively when κ3 and κ4 are fixed to 0.9. The enhancement of the FSR achieved in this system when
κ3 and κ4 are fixed to 0.8. By increasing the center wavelength from 0.6 to 1.5 µm, the FSR and FWHM is increased from
0.12 to 3 nm and 0.07 to 1 nm, respectively. The second system consists of three rings and add/drop device, where R1=15, R2=
10, R3=5 µm, and for add/drop filter Rd=155 µm and κ3= κ4=0.1 as shown in Fig. 2. An important result can be obtained by
varying the center wavelength from 1.3 to 1.5 µm. This increasing raises FSR and FWHM from 0.535 to 0.598 nm and 0.02 to
0.03 nm respectively.
Keywords: Gaussian Soliton, Nonlinear Micro-ring Resonator, Free Spectrum Rangem, Finesse, Quality Factor.
F. Mohd Noor∗
and N. Bidin
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
E-mail:faizani@utm.my
This paper reports the generation of second harmonic wave induced from Ti:sapphire laser. The fundamental wavelength of the
pump beam is 816 nm with pulse duration of 30 fs. The laser was focused to create high power density on a nonlinear crystal of
potassium titanyl phosphate, KTP that acts as a frequency doubling material. Neutral density filter was utilized to attenuate the
intensity of the laser beam. Spectrum analyzer was employed to measure the spectrum of the laser beam and beam profiler was
used to determine the transverse mode of the beam. The invisible beam was detected to be as a nonlinear beam with wavelength
of 408 nm and bandwidth of 0.32 nm. The beam is also found to operate in transverse mode of TEM00 with beam spot size of
2 mm.
Keywords: Second Harmonic Generation, Frequency Doubling, Titanium Sapphire Laser.
22

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