The document provides information on pedestrian crossings and accessibility for people with disabilities. It discusses the types of pedestrians and disabilities, relevant legislation and standards, different types of crossings (uncontrolled, zebra, wombat, pelican/puffin, signalized intersections), and challenges in ensuring crossings are accessible. Key aspects that help ensure accessibility are proper installation of kerb ramps, tactile ground surface indicators, adequate crossing times at signalized intersections, and maintaining a continuous accessible path of travel. The document emphasizes that crossings should be designed with consideration for all types of pedestrians, including those with physical, sensory, intellectual and other disabilities.

1. Crossing Roads
Presented by: Edward Rose
Main Roads WA

2. Topics to be covered
• Types of pedestrians and disabilities
• Background Legislation and Standards
• Types of crossing
• Challenges - getting it right
• Away from a crossing – along the path

3. Types of Pedestrians and Disabilities
Everyone including people with the following;
•Physical – affecting mobility and or / person’s ability to use their upper or lower body
•Sensory – Affecting the senses eg vision and / or hearing
•Neurological – Affecting a persons ability to control their movement due to the disorder of
the nervous system eg epilepsy / stroke
•Intellectual – Affecting judgement, ability to learn and communicate
•Cognitive – Affecting thought process, personality and memory eg injury to the brain
dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
Psychiatric – Affecting a persons emotions thought processes and behaviour, eg
schizophrenia or depression
Young Children – under 12 years of age, intellectual, psychological and sensory capacity is
limited by virtue of their age
Elderly – ageing affect the ability to function eg deteriorating eye sight and balance affect
walking speed and fields of observation

4. Background and Legislation

5. Prevalence
• Disabilities affect one third of the population
• 20% of the population have a disability
• 10% are carers of people with disabilities
• the likelihood of having a disability increases
with age
• more than half of all seniors have a disability

6. Disabling Condition
Of Western Australians with a disability
• nearly three quarters have a physical disability
• one in six have a mental or behavioral disorder
• one in every ten has a sensory disability (sight or vision)
• many have multiple disabilities
• can be permanent, temporary or episodic

7. Disability Discrimination Act 1992
Provides uniform protection against discrimination on
the grounds of disability
DDA Covers
• Work, accommodation, education, access to
premises, clubs and sport
• Provision of goods, facilities, services and land
• Existing laws; and
• Administration of Common laws

8. Disability Services Act 1993
(amended 2004)
Requires all state and local government
agencies to ensure that services and
facilities, provided for the general public, are
accessible to people with disabilities

9. Main Roads WA
Disability Access & Inclusion
Plan (DAIP)

10. Crossing Types
• Uncontrolled
• Zebra
• Wombat
• Pelican
• Puffin
• Signalised Intersection

11. Uncontrolled Crossing
• Pedestrians must give way to traffic
• Most basic of facilities
• Can be used with median island or without
• Grab Rails can be used
• Kerb ramps and TGSIs should be used

12. Kerb Ramps
• There should be no lip at the base
• Maximum length of 1520mm (rise 150mm)
• A clear 1330mm in the direction of travel at the top of
the ramp
• A maximum gradient of 1:10
– Preferred gradient 1:14
• Splayed sides on a 45 degree angle
• The transition angle between the kerb ramp and road
should be no less than 166 degrees so that the toe
plates of wheelchairs do not become stuck when
crossing the road.

13. Kerb Ramps
• The ramp should be aligned in the direction of travel
• TGSI’s should be installed in accordance with AS
1428.4
• The surface of the kerb ramp must be slip resistant
• No lip between ramp and surface – 5mm tolerance
allowed.

15. Could do away with ramps and
have cut through, allowing
blind pedestrians to use the
kerb as a tapping rail.

21. Zebra
• Formal crossing
• Drivers must give way to pedestrians on crossing
• White stripes painted on road
• Pedestrian crossing signs

22. Wombat
• Formal crossing
• Similar to Zebra
• Crossing area is raised on a hump or table
• Little or no ramp for pedestrians
• Drivers must go up and down a ramp

23. Wombat

24. Pelican / Puffin
• Formal crossing
• Signalised with green and red man aspects
• Puffin can extend time for pedestrians as they cross
• Example outside Perth Railway Station and Perth
Royal Hospital along Wellington Street.

25. Puffin

26. Signalised Intersections
• Can have formal pedestrian crossing
• Signalised with green and red man aspects
• Sometimes crossing distance is excessive
• Direction of crossing is not always clear

27. Signalised Crossings
• reasonable crossing times – average unimpeded free
flow walking speed 1.2 m/s (Austroads Guide to
Traffic Management Part 6 – sec 4.5.3)
• placement of pedestrian push controls should be
within 300mm of the trafficable surface of kerb ramp.
• push button tactile indicators should be mounted on
the inside of the pole immediately adjacent to the
traffic surface of the kerb ramp.

29. Skew ramps to direct pedestrians

31. Continuous accessible path
of travel

32. Continuous accessible path
of travel

34. Continuous accessible path
of travel

35. Low Hanging Signs

37. Tactile Ground Surface
Indicators
Types – Warning and Directional
Luminous Contrast Criteria, must be maintained
through the life of the TGSI
Comply with slip (skid) resistance
Profiles as per AS 1428.4.1

38. Tactile Ground Surface
Indicators

39. TGSI’s
TGSI’s are used on / when:
• Steps
• Stairs
• Ramps
• Change of Direction
• Overhead Impediment less than 2000mm
clearance in an accessible path of travel

40. TGSI’s
Shall be installed
• For the full width of an access way
• Perpendicular to the angle of approach
• Set back 300 +/- 10mm from the edge of the
hazard, except railway platforms where they
are set back 600mm

41. Continuous accessible path
of travel
• Paths shall be constructed with no lips or
steps at joints between surfaces –
construction tolerance up to 5mm is
acceptable
• Clear width on a pedestrian pathway are:
1. People with ambient disability – 1.0m
2. People who use wheelchairs – 1.2m
3. Wheelchair / pram to pass – 1.5m
4. Two wheelchairs to pass – 2.0m

48. When is a pedestrian crossing
not a pedestrian crossing?

49. When it is a shadow from an
overhead railway bridge!

50. QUESTIONS?