The document discusses Ecuador's history from 1895 to 1960, focusing on the international context, economy, Ecuadorian state, politics, and culture during that period. Key events included Ecuador experiencing industrialization and the rise of capitalism internationally while having a domestic economy dominated by landowners exporting cacao. Politically it was a time of liberal reforms and disputes between liberals and conservatives over the secularization of the state and role of the church. Culturally it saw conflicts between liberal and conservative thinkers.

1. ECUADOR REPUBLIC
FROM 1895 TO 1960
INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT, ECONOMY,
ECUADORIAN STATE, POLITICS AND
CULTURE
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2. Main Questions
• Why is it important to understand Liberal Revolution
context?
• According to your knowledge and opinion which
were the main characteristics of that context?
o International Context
o Ecuadorian Context
• Society
• Economy
• State
• Politics
• Culture
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3. Your task
• Pay attention and take notes of your classmates’
presentation (Questions are always welcomed)
• Take a minute to think and answer the following
question
oWas the Liberal Revolution
necessary or not? Why?
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4. MAIN FACTS
THE WORLD
• Industrial revolution (England, France, Germany,
Germany, Holland)
• England – most powerful country
• USA starts to have influence (Military, commercial,
Cuba’s Independence
• Capitalism
LATIN AMERICA
• Tropical fruits, grains and minerals
• Investment – Money from powerful countries (railroads –
transportation – communication)
• Disputes among Latin American countries
• Radical Liberalism
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5. MAIN FACTS
Ecuadorian Economy
• Coast landowners (70% of land in just a few hands –
“Grandes Cacaos”)
• Los Rios, Guayas, El Oro, Manabi
• Coffee, tobbaco, rubber, tropical fruits
• No production for personal consumption
• Highland – business depression – crisis
• “Nothing is known”
• Factories crisis – foreign products
• Church loses its lands
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7. MAIN FACTS
• Exporting Houses – main
product – cacao
• Conflict between producers
and exporters
• Importing Houses – a few
owners – luxury issues and food
• Big Foreign Companies –
Ancon Oil Company, Railroad
(England and USA)
• New business – flour, sugar,
internal trading, factories
• Banco del Pichincha – 1906 in
Quito
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8. MAIN FACTS
SOCIAL ACTORS
• Urban Burguesia - Link
between money and
trading
• Middle Burguesia –
Professionals – factories
owners
POLITICS
• Regionalism still present
• Burguesia in power – no
deeper change
• Middle Class – Radical
Liberalism
• Secular State – Church
divided (pro divine rights
and the best agreement)
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9. MAIN FACTS
• Secular State – Freedom of thought, press and religion
• No dead penalty
• Conservatives pro church (Highland)
• Political disputes between Liberal and Conservatives
CULTURE
• Abelardo Moncayo, Jose Peralta, Roberto Andrade –
“Liga de Librepensadores”
• A la Costa – Luis A. Martinez
• Conservatives – Federico Gonzalez Suarez, Rafael
Maria Arizaga, Remigio Toral, Hermano Miguel.
• Romanticismo, Modernismo, Generacion Decapitada
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10. Board of the Conservative Party
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