The Unbanked
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Tanmia Capital has launched its Economic Papers series to address key topics in simple and informative manner The series will be issued in alternate Arabic and English regularly. Today's topic highlights financial inclusion and provides recent data from selected countries. (in English)
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Recommended
The Unbanked
This new edition of Tanmia Capital Economic Papers addressed the issues of "unbanked" i.e. those who have no access to financial services. It also provides recent data on financial inclusion.
The Future of Microfinance in Africa SAM 2015 - Plenary Day 9
The Promise of a Better Tomorrow
The continent’s long-term growth prospects are strong, propelled by both external trends in the global economy and internal changes in the continent’s societies and economies.
Presented by Michael Mithika, SAM Course Director - School of African Microfinance
Foster Financial inclusion
In the country that has financial inclusion rate higher than its literacy, it must be set the standar of GPFI to overcome. Principal from GPFI G20 about financial inclusion is best practice to implemement, but situation from each conutry and who will lead to transform to foster financial inclusion with digital strategy to be a cashless society. This presentation is cover from Indonesian case
Digital Financial Services for Financial Inclusion
This presentation highlights some of the digital financial service trends, policy and regulatory issues and examples of digital financial services and the role it plays in financial inclusion in various countries in the Asia Pacific region.
This was the opening session of the panel on digital financial services and financial inclusion during the Asia Pacific Regional Forum on Universal Access and Services and Broadband Deployment 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand.
International Regulatory Practices for Digital Financial Services
The following presentation was shared on April 24, 2015 during an international forum hosed by the National Bank of Belarus entitled "Digital Banking: technology and innovation".
For more information on the event, see http://infobank.by/infolineview/itemid/6800/default.aspx
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This presentation was provided during the session entitled "Moving Into the Mainstream – Showcase of Alternative Funding Mechanisms for SMMEs " at the ABAC Malaysia - SME Finance Forum
Workshop on Innovative Financing for SMMEs at the
InterContinental Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on May 21, 2015
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The document discusses building domestic financial systems that serve low-income populations, especially women. It outlines that microfinance institutions currently serve about 18 million low-income entrepreneurs across 40 countries. Building out retail capacity, a diversity of financial products, and domestic capital markets can help meet the needs of 500 million poor entrepreneurs and producers for savings, insurance, housing finance and more. Key actions include developing supportive policies, regulations and legal frameworks to encourage a range of sustainable microfinance providers at different stages of growth.
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This document discusses the evolution and scope of microfinance in India. It provides details on the regulations for microfinance institutions (MFIs) set by the Reserve Bank of India, including limits on loan amounts and interest rates. It also discusses the growth of MFIs in India and some of the challenges they face, such as high interest rates, inability to generate sufficient funds, and financial illiteracy among customers. The document concludes by proposing some solutions to address the credit gaps and risk management challenges in microfinance, including promoting group lending and improving technology to increase financial inclusion.
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This document discusses financial inclusion in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. It defines financial inclusion as access to affordable and usable financial services. The importance of financial inclusion is discussed, including its role in job creation, poverty alleviation, and boosting incomes. While financial inclusion can help the poor and small businesses, the literature suggests governments in the Middle East are not doing enough to increase uptake of financial services through education campaigns. The document will examine prevalence of banking, loans, and mobile banking in Saudi Arabia in 2017.
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- An overview of key elements needed for a DFS ecosystem, including an electronic payments system, cash-in/cash-out networks, and financial institutions adding services.
- A discussion of the experience with DFS globally, including the mixed success of mobile operators and challenges for other players to be relevant without partnerships.
- An assessment of Ethiopia's market readiness for DFS, including opportunities around government commitment but also weaknesses in regulations and banking/telecom infrastructure.
- The large potential need and transaction volumes that could
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1) The document discusses policies that can accelerate financial inclusion in Africa, such as agent banking policies, mobile banking policies, and policies around financial products, no-frills accounts, financial identification, and technology banking.
2) It recommends that cooperatives craft policies to facilitate strategic partnerships through agent banking, enable mobile money offerings, lower barriers for inclusive financial products, provide basic no-fee accounts, address identity issues, and promote accessible technology-based banking.
3) The document also discusses the importance of deposit guarantee, financial literacy, compulsory coverage of intermediaries, and funds policies to further accelerate financial inclusion across the continent.
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- 79% of respondents did not have a valid ID, with women disproportionately affected (60% of those without valid ID).
- 85% of respondents did not have a bank account. Lack of valid ID was the main reason, especially for women (100% cited it).
- Common alternative savings methods like equb and trusting friends/relatives carry risks like losing money.
The report recommends conducting a larger survey as baseline data and addressing other constraints to access formal financial services in addition to lack of ID.
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2011 Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Snapshot
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of key facts about microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010-2011. It notes that microfinance reached nearly a quarter of global depositors while accounting for less than 5% of global borrowers. A diverse set of over 22,900 microfinance providers served over 20 million loan clients and 44 million deposit clients, with total loan and deposit portfolios of $14.9 billion and $13.8 billion respectively. Access to formal financial services remains lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 88% of the population lacking a bank account on average across the region.
Andhra Pradesh MFI Crisis and its Impact on Clients
This is a joint report focussing the impact of microfinance among the clients before and after the Andhra Pradesh crisis arising from the Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Institutions (Regulation of Money lending) Act, 2010. The report highlights the similar findings from quantitative study conducted by the Centre for Microfinance (CMF) at IFMR Research and qualitative study conducted by MicroSave. This paper features findings related to multiple borrowing, household indebtedness, loan purpose and client perspectives on availability of financing. Both studies validate the fact that the members of the community face issues raising credit in the absence of MFIs. Members of the community have reduced their spending on important aspects such as health, education and business because of non availability of adequate credit from alternative sources. Moneylenders are having a field day with the absence of MFIs. Members of the community are falling back to moneylenders who charge usurious rates of interest to meet their credit needs. The study also highlights the failure of MFIs when designing market led products and processes. MFIs, in the process of rapid scale up and single minded pursuit of exponential growth targets, ignored the needs of the clients. The study clearly shows the discomfort of the clients with inflexible repayments, interest rates and behaviour of the staff especially when it comes to repayment.
MAJOR PAYMENT HICUPS FACED BY SMES, THE GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
SMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, and key contributors to the $5 trillion Indian economy target. Unprecedented action-oriented focus on the issues faced by the sector in the recent past stands testimony to the seriousness with which we view this segment to drive growth.
That being said, the key problem that has always plagued the segment has been the money flow; both on receipt and payout as well as the access to formal credit. In this regard, it is relevant to discuss the payment challenges faced by the sector today, which is a critical factor for their thriving or even survival in some regions.
History of micro finance
Modern microfinance has its roots in informal credit systems that have long existed worldwide. In the 1970s, Muhammad Yunus pioneered lending to poor women in Bangladesh using group peer monitoring rather than physical collateral. He went on to found Grameen Bank in 1983. Since then, microfinance has expanded, with the World Bank now estimating 160 million people served globally. Microfinance has evolved from early government and donor subsidized rural credit programs to focus more on commercial small loans for microenterprises as an effective poverty reduction strategy. Understanding of effective microfinance models continues to improve as the field expands to systematically serve both formal and informal sectors.
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Wbg ffidr-editorial-financial-inclusion-banking-on-low incomehouseholds
This document discusses innovative models for expanding financial access and inclusion around the world. It notes that over 50 countries have set targets for increasing access and mentions examples like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa in Kenya that focus on small business finance and mobile payments. The World Bank President has stated the goal of achieving universal financial access by 2020 using new technologies and business models. The initial point of access for many is receiving wages or payments electronically through means like mobile wallets or bank accounts. Expanding access to regulated bank accounts is an important next step towards full financial inclusion and its benefits.
Wbg ffidr-editorial-financial-inclusion-banking-on-low incomehouseholds
This document discusses innovative models for expanding financial access and inclusion around the world. It notes that over 50 countries have set targets for increasing access and mentions examples like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa and Equity Bank in Kenya. World Bank President Jim Yong Kim has stated that universal financial access could be achievable by 2020 thanks to new technologies and business models. The initial point of access for many is receiving wages or payments electronically. Expanding access to bank accounts is an important next step towards full financial inclusion.
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Pestle Analysis of M-financing in Bangladesh
The document analyzes the financing industry in Bangladesh using a PESTLE analysis. It finds that Bangladesh has low financial inclusion, with only 2.2 banking branches and 1.4 ATM booths per 100 square kilometers. Politically, inconsistent policies between ruling powers and misuse of power affect the industry. Economically, microfinancing increases rural purchasing power and mobile financing costs less than traditional channels. Socially, many people distrust banks and find opening accounts inconvenient, while mobile banking is seen as easier for money transfers. Technologically, rapid mobile growth enables the industry but also raises security and infrastructure issues. Legally, only bank-led mobile financing is approved, and transaction limits are in place. Environmentally, mobile financing
Avoiding Over-indebtedness
This presentation on avoiding over-indebtedness was presented during the Microfinance Council of the Philippines Annual General Meeting entitled "Making a Difference: Multi-Stakeholder Action
Towards Responsible Microfinance" held in Manila on July 28-29, 2011.
Wwb nancy barry
The document discusses building domestic financial systems that serve low-income populations, especially women. It outlines that microfinance institutions currently serve about 18 million low-income entrepreneurs across 40 countries. Building out retail capacity, a diversity of financial products, and domestic capital markets can help meet the needs of 500 million poor entrepreneurs and producers for savings, insurance, housing finance and more. Key actions include developing supportive policies, regulations and legal frameworks to encourage a range of sustainable microfinance providers at different stages of growth.
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The document discusses issues and challenges facing Islamic microfinance institutions in northwestern Pakistan. It outlines several key challenges: lack of collateral from poor clients, high operational costs, incompatible monetary and fiscal policies, poor market penetration, sustainability issues for Islamic MFIs, and high transaction costs. The purpose is to explore these problems and their root causes in order to help decision-makers, donors, and regulators address the barriers to growth and improve outreach/effectiveness of microfinance in alleviating poverty. Recommendations include regulatory attention, unified governance, training, collaboration, and government support.
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This document discusses financial inclusion in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. It defines financial inclusion as access to affordable and usable financial services. The importance of financial inclusion is discussed, including its role in job creation, poverty alleviation, and boosting incomes. While financial inclusion can help the poor and small businesses, the literature suggests governments in the Middle East are not doing enough to increase uptake of financial services through education campaigns. The document will examine prevalence of banking, loans, and mobile banking in Saudi Arabia in 2017.
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How the Government of Andhra Pradesh has severely damaged private sector
microfinance and put 450 million of India’s rural poor at risk
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This document provides a summary of a presentation on digital financial services (DFS) in Ethiopia. The presentation includes:
- An agenda for the dissemination of findings event on DFS in Ethiopia.
- An overview of key elements needed for a DFS ecosystem, including an electronic payments system, cash-in/cash-out networks, and financial institutions adding services.
- A discussion of the experience with DFS globally, including the mixed success of mobile operators and challenges for other players to be relevant without partnerships.
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- The large potential need and transaction volumes that could
ACCOSCA_Presentation_Background_
1) The document discusses policies that can accelerate financial inclusion in Africa, such as agent banking policies, mobile banking policies, and policies around financial products, no-frills accounts, financial identification, and technology banking.
2) It recommends that cooperatives craft policies to facilitate strategic partnerships through agent banking, enable mobile money offerings, lower barriers for inclusive financial products, provide basic no-fee accounts, address identity issues, and promote accessible technology-based banking.
3) The document also discusses the importance of deposit guarantee, financial literacy, compulsory coverage of intermediaries, and funds policies to further accelerate financial inclusion across the continent.
The Digital Financial Services Ecosystem
Technical Report of ITU-T Focus Group on Digital Financial Services :
The Digital Financial Services Ecosystem
written by the following authors, contributors and reviewers:
Carol Coye Benson, Charles Niehaus, Mina Mashayekhi, Nils Clotteau, Trevor Zimmer, Bruno Antunes, Yury Grin, Peter Potgieser, Quang Nguyen, Graham Wright, Nathalie Feingold, Ashwini Sathnur, Johan Bosini, Jeremy Leach, Oksana Smirnova, Evgeniy Bondarenko
This Report defines the Digital Financial Services ecosystem and describes the players and their roles within the Ecosystem.
The report recognizes a goal of reaching “digital liquidity” – a state wherein consumers and businesses are content to leave their funds in digital form, therefore reducing the burden of the
“cash-in”, “cash-out” process. Various high-level challenges and issues in the ecosystem are acknowledged in the report
Asian Banker Prsenstation
The document discusses microfinance and its evolution towards more commercial and inclusive models. It provides an overview of microfinance in different regions, highlighting key statistics. It outlines best practices for microfinance institutions, including offering services that fit client needs, motivating repayment, and charging full cost-covering rates. It also summarizes the principles and history of the commercial microfinance model of Bank Rakyat Indonesia.
The Andhra Crisis:The Beginning Of An End Or End Of A Beginning?
The Andhra Crisis:The Beginning Of An End Or End Of A Beginning?MicroSave - Financial Inclusion Consulting
This presentation discusses the causes of Andhra Pradesh crisis, how it all started and the possible after-effects. It also examines how the Indian MFIs and the government should respond post this crisis. The presentation concludes with reactions from the clients.20170421 kyc survey report
This document summarizes a survey report on tiered KYC intervention for migrants in Ethiopia. Key findings include:
- 79% of respondents did not have a valid ID, with women disproportionately affected (60% of those without valid ID).
- 85% of respondents did not have a bank account. Lack of valid ID was the main reason, especially for women (100% cited it).
- Common alternative savings methods like equb and trusting friends/relatives carry risks like losing money.
The report recommends conducting a larger survey as baseline data and addressing other constraints to access formal financial services in addition to lack of ID.
Key Constraints on SMEs
This document summarizes the work of the SME Finance Forum, which promotes knowledge sharing and best practices in small and medium enterprise finance. It discusses key constraints facing SMEs such as lack of access to finance and power. While SMEs provide most formal jobs in emerging markets, over half are unserved or underserved by financial institutions. The document outlines achievements of the Forum in sharing news, data and facilitating policy dialogues. It also reviews global trends and challenges around SME lending, highlighting the importance of strong financial infrastructure like credit reporting, payments, and secured transactions systems. Improving credit reporting can significantly increase lending volumes and financial inclusion.
2011 Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Snapshot
This document provides a 3-paragraph summary of key facts about microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2010-2011. It notes that microfinance reached nearly a quarter of global depositors while accounting for less than 5% of global borrowers. A diverse set of over 22,900 microfinance providers served over 20 million loan clients and 44 million deposit clients, with total loan and deposit portfolios of $14.9 billion and $13.8 billion respectively. Access to formal financial services remains lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 88% of the population lacking a bank account on average across the region.
Andhra Pradesh MFI Crisis and its Impact on Clients
This is a joint report focussing the impact of microfinance among the clients before and after the Andhra Pradesh crisis arising from the Andhra Pradesh Microfinance Institutions (Regulation of Money lending) Act, 2010. The report highlights the similar findings from quantitative study conducted by the Centre for Microfinance (CMF) at IFMR Research and qualitative study conducted by MicroSave. This paper features findings related to multiple borrowing, household indebtedness, loan purpose and client perspectives on availability of financing. Both studies validate the fact that the members of the community face issues raising credit in the absence of MFIs. Members of the community have reduced their spending on important aspects such as health, education and business because of non availability of adequate credit from alternative sources. Moneylenders are having a field day with the absence of MFIs. Members of the community are falling back to moneylenders who charge usurious rates of interest to meet their credit needs. The study also highlights the failure of MFIs when designing market led products and processes. MFIs, in the process of rapid scale up and single minded pursuit of exponential growth targets, ignored the needs of the clients. The study clearly shows the discomfort of the clients with inflexible repayments, interest rates and behaviour of the staff especially when it comes to repayment.
MAJOR PAYMENT HICUPS FACED BY SMES, THE GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
SMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, and key contributors to the $5 trillion Indian economy target. Unprecedented action-oriented focus on the issues faced by the sector in the recent past stands testimony to the seriousness with which we view this segment to drive growth.
That being said, the key problem that has always plagued the segment has been the money flow; both on receipt and payout as well as the access to formal credit. In this regard, it is relevant to discuss the payment challenges faced by the sector today, which is a critical factor for their thriving or even survival in some regions.
History of micro finance
Modern microfinance has its roots in informal credit systems that have long existed worldwide. In the 1970s, Muhammad Yunus pioneered lending to poor women in Bangladesh using group peer monitoring rather than physical collateral. He went on to found Grameen Bank in 1983. Since then, microfinance has expanded, with the World Bank now estimating 160 million people served globally. Microfinance has evolved from early government and donor subsidized rural credit programs to focus more on commercial small loans for microenterprises as an effective poverty reduction strategy. Understanding of effective microfinance models continues to improve as the field expands to systematically serve both formal and informal sectors.
M-Shwari: The Story so Far
M-Shwari is a mobile-based banking service in Kenya that allows customers to save money and take out small loans through their M-PESA accounts. It has been very popular among low-income Kenyans as it provides easy and convenient access to savings and small amounts of short-term credit. M-Shwari's success is largely attributed to its ability to simplify banking for customers with minimal requirements, clear rules, and a user-friendly process that is well-integrated with M-PESA. It also addresses the liquidity needs of the poor by providing a way for them to access small loans on demand to help manage irregular income and unexpected expenses. M-Shwari has demonstrated
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Efl Juhudi webinar presentation: Using phsycometrics for smallholder credit s...
Efl Juhudi webinar presentation: Using phsycometrics for smallholder credit s...
The Andhra Crisis:The Beginning Of An End Or End Of A Beginning?
The Andhra Crisis:The Beginning Of An End Or End Of A Beginning?
Andhra Pradesh MFI Crisis and its Impact on Clients
Andhra Pradesh MFI Crisis and its Impact on Clients
MAJOR PAYMENT HICUPS FACED BY SMES, THE GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
MAJOR PAYMENT HICUPS FACED BY SMES, THE GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
Similar to The Unbanked
Wbg ffidr-editorial-financial-inclusion-banking-on-low incomehouseholds
This document discusses innovative models for expanding financial access and inclusion around the world. It notes that over 50 countries have set targets for increasing access and mentions examples like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa in Kenya that focus on small business finance and mobile payments. The World Bank President has stated the goal of achieving universal financial access by 2020 using new technologies and business models. The initial point of access for many is receiving wages or payments electronically through means like mobile wallets or bank accounts. Expanding access to regulated bank accounts is an important next step towards full financial inclusion and its benefits.
Wbg ffidr-editorial-financial-inclusion-banking-on-low incomehouseholds
This document discusses innovative models for expanding financial access and inclusion around the world. It notes that over 50 countries have set targets for increasing access and mentions examples like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa and Equity Bank in Kenya. World Bank President Jim Yong Kim has stated that universal financial access could be achievable by 2020 thanks to new technologies and business models. The initial point of access for many is receiving wages or payments electronically. Expanding access to bank accounts is an important next step towards full financial inclusion.
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The document discusses innovative models that are expanding financial access through transformational business models like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa in Kenya. It also discusses the World Bank's goal of achieving universal financial access by 2020 through new technologies and business models. However, it notes that simply improving access to financial services is only a first step, and that bank accounts are important for full financial inclusion and access to savings, credit, and insurance. It discusses lessons from pilots on making low-income bank accounts viable and sustainable for banks through simplified products, alternative access points, and affordable pricing. Private sector buy-in is seen as key to achieving financial inclusion targets.
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The document discusses innovative models that are expanding financial access through transformational business models like Alibaba in China and M-Pesa in Kenya. It also discusses the World Bank's goal of achieving universal financial access by 2020 through new technologies and business models. However, it notes that simply improving access to financial services is only a first step, and that savings accounts are important for reaching financial inclusion and reducing poverty through access to savings, credit, and insurance. It also discusses the need to design affordable products and engage the private sector to ensure targets for financial inclusion are achieved.
21
This document discusses the role of commercial banks in microfinance in Pakistan. It notes that while microfinance traditionally served those without access to formal financial services, involving commercial banks could help expand access to millions more. Commercial banks provide a widespread branch network and expertise in financial services that could better reach the microfinance market. While commercial bank rates may be higher, the costs of serving many small, rural customers justify this. The document also outlines the regulatory framework for microfinance in Pakistan and the State Bank of Pakistan's efforts to develop the industry.
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If you are keen to learn about P2P Lending, please view our slide deck at:
http://www.slideshare.net/SGFinTech/singapore-fin-tech-consortium-intro-to-p2p-lending
If you would like to receive a pdf copy of any of our slide decks, please drop us an email at info@singaporefintech.com and we'll be happy to oblige. For more information about us and our service offerings, please visit our company website at www.singaporefintech.com.
The future of microfinance in india
The document discusses the future of microfinance in India. It notes that microfinance has expanded rapidly in recent years, with membership in associations growing and loan amounts outstanding increasing significantly from 2001-2004 and 2001-2005 for various microfinance programs and institutions. It also discusses the growing partnership models between banks and MFIs, and innovations in how banks provide funding to MFIs. Going forward, it emphasizes the need for greater financial literacy, product differentiation, and ensuring client empowerment through education on loan terms and conditions.
Financial inclusion for development
Financial inclusion provides access to formal financial services for disadvantaged groups and small businesses, promoting economic development. Globally, half of all adults lack bank accounts, including 80% of those living on under $2 per day. Without access to financing, small businesses and families must rely on informal mechanisms, hindering investment, employment, and growth. Financial inclusion can be expanded through initiatives like microfinance, mobile banking, and financial education, enabling people to invest, manage cash flow, and build resilience, lifting incomes and reducing poverty. Governments and organizations should promote financial inclusion programs that can generate employment and entrepreneurship.
Mobile and Electronic Payments Conference 2012 Myanmar
Visa hosted a mobile money conference in the capital of Myanmar, Naypyidaw in December 2012. Over 200 government, industry and development representatives attended. #mobilemoney #digital #fintech #Myanmar #financialservices #mobile
Bridging the Small Business Credit Gap Through Innovative Lending by Accion V...
This document discusses how innovative lenders are using new approaches to address the large financing gap facing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It describes how these lenders are innovating in customer acquisition, underwriting, and funding. Some key points include:
- These lenders are using niche marketing, digital/mobile platforms, and partnerships to better understand MSME clients and assess/price risk in a more efficient way than traditional banks.
- They are acquiring customers through tailored products/services delivered quickly via the web, mobile, or by targeting specific industry clusters/markets.
- Underwriting is improved by leveraging deeper knowledge of target sectors/value chains or alternative data sources made possible by
The entrepreneurial poor
Ellie Howard travelled to Amman, Jordan in 2012 shadowing the work of Microfund for Women, both in the office and in the field. As well as completing an entry to the Grameen Jameel awards, and carrying out desk research, Ellie interviewed various staff within the organisation.
Content is also derived from interviews with other organisations in the region such as FINCA and Jordanian Insurance Company.
Ellie_howard@hotmail.co.uk
Microfinance in srilanaka
1) Microfinance in Sri Lanka provides financial services like small loans and savings products to low-income individuals and small businesses.
2) Currently there are over 70,000 active borrowers in Sri Lanka with a total loan portfolio of over $70 million.
3) Common microfinance approaches used in Sri Lanka include individual lending, group lending models like Grameen Bank and Latin American styles, and village banking. Formal microfinance institutions operate alongside informal local money lenders and organizations.
Micro-finance In India, Opportunity and Challenges
The Economic Pyramid of India is being explained with Analysis on the role of Microfinance through the special case of Bandhan Financial service Pvt. limited.with Formulated current and future challenges and their solutions to the business model.
MobileBankingBasics.ppt
1) Mobile phone financial services have significant potential to expand access to financial services due to high mobile phone penetration rates, especially in developing countries. Over half of the 4 billion mobile phone subscriptions globally are in developing nations.
2) Mobile phones can be used to deliver a range of banking services like money transfers, bill payments, and savings accounts at a lower cost than traditional brick-and-mortar branches. This can help close the gap between unbanked individuals with mobile phone access and formal financial services.
3) Countries have explored different models for mobile banking regulation. Approaches range from MNO-based models where the mobile network operator provides services, bank-based models where banks partner with MNOs,
MobileBankingBasics (1).ppt
1) Mobile phone financial services have significant potential to expand access to financial services due to high mobile phone penetration rates, especially in developing countries. Over half of mobile phone subscriptions are in developing nations.
2) Mobile phones can be used to deliver a range of banking services like money transfers, bill payments, and savings accounts at a lower cost than traditional brick-and-mortar branches. This can help close the gap between unbanked individuals and access to financial services.
3) Different models have emerged for providing mobile banking services, including MNO-based models like M-Pesa in Kenya, bank-based models like SMART Money in the Philippines, and partnerships between telecom companies and banks as seen
Micro finance
Microfinance involves providing financial services like loans, savings, insurance to low-income individuals. It began in the 1970s when Muhammad Yunus started the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Microfinance institutions provide these services through organizations like non-profits and credit unions. They target small business owners, farmers, and traders without access to traditional banks. While microfinance helps reduce poverty, issues still exist like unregulated high interest rates and costs, and many poor people relying on informal lenders. The Indian government and organizations are working to expand access to microfinance and address weaknesses in the system.
Banking Services to the Unbanked Sector – A
This document summarizes a study on banking services for the unbanked sector in East African countries. It defines key terms like unbanked and underbanked. Over 70% of the population in East Africa is unbanked. There are constraints from both customer and bank perspectives in reaching rural and poor customers, including distance, costs, and low literacy. Initiatives to increase access include mobile phone banking and agent banking. The types of services needed by the unbanked are simple accounts with low or no fees allowing small, irregular deposits and withdrawals. Expanding access will require innovative non-branch models and partnerships while meeting regulatory requirements.
20220216 Aflore_Series A_Deck (1).pdf
Aflore has built a distribution channel of over 7,500 informal advisors who originate loans for the emerging middle class in Latin America. The informal advisors use a mobile platform to acquire and service clients from within their personal networks. Aflore has disbursed over $21 million in loans with a portfolio that is growing 10-20% month over month. Their model keeps costs low through the use of informal advisors and a proprietary risk assessment engine that can evaluate borrowers with little credit history or digital footprint. This has allowed Aflore to build a portfolio with credit risk 45% lower than traditional microfinance institutions while generating margins 2x higher than the market.
The Investment Case For Financial Inclusion
As part of the World Bank MOOC on Development Finance - this document makes the case for development financing to enhance social microfinance and bridge the gap from social to commercial financial services as a way to reduce poverty and build local economies.
Cash transfers
The document discusses cash transfer programs, which provide cash payments to poor households on the condition that they invest in their children's health and education. It outlines the goals of the Millennium Development Goals in reducing poverty. It describes different types of cash transfers, including conditional and unconditional programs, and provides examples of cash transfer programs internationally and in India. It discusses both the advantages of cash transfers in reducing leakage and corruption, as well as challenges around ensuring access to banks and ATMs in rural areas, matching market prices, and fully implementing identification systems.
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Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated
Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
The Unbanked
- 1. The Unbanked Tanmia Capital. Economic Papers II 0 20 40 60 80 100 Egypt Moldova Jordan Ghana Lebanon India Turkey Brazil Malaysia UAE Greece USA France UK Germany Sweden Financial Inclusion % in 2014 Account Savings Borrowing • Recent reports confirm that 2 Billion adult are still outside the formal banking system thus unbanked • Brining banking services to people is the ultimate objective of monetary sector development and ethical finance initiatives • The Financial Inclusion Ratio assesses the fulfillment of that objective and defined as: the percentage of adults who possess a bank account • The frequency of using bank accounts in a convenient knowledgeable manner with low charges is also considered • Many factors drive the Financial Inclusion Ratio i.e. number of branches & ATMs and ease of accessing them, the minimum wealth or regular income required to open a bank account or obtain financing, the capacity of banks to deal with all types and segments of clients, clarity of terms of conditions, family dependency ratio, regulations, cultural norms and religious believes • Providing alternative banking is arguably one mechanism to elevate financial inclusion. Examples include: • Microfinance deals with micro and small businesses and low income people • Islamic banking caters mainly for clients who require Sharia compliance financing • Mobile payment offers banking to rural areas and marginzed communities using sms and apps • Post office network and gas stations widen the reach out to communities
- 2. The Unbanked Tanmia Capital. Economic Papers II 0 20 40 60 80 100 Egypt Moldova Jordan Angola Ghana Lebanon India Kazakhstan Turkey Brazil Malaysia UAE Greece USA France UK Germany Sweden Financial Inclusion % in 2014• Recent reports confirm that 2 Billion adult are still outside the formal banking system thus unbanked • Brining banking services to people is the ultimate objective of monetary sector development and ethical finance initiatives • The Financial Inclusion Ratio assesses the fulfillment of that objective and defined as: the percentage of adults who possess a bank account • The frequency of using bank accounts in a convenient knowledgeable manner with low charges is also considered • Many factors drive the Financial Inclusion Ratio i.e. number of branches & ATMs and ease of accessing them, the minimum wealth or regular income required to open bank account or obtain financing, the capacity of banks to deal with all types and segments of clients, clarity of terms of conditions, family dependency ratio, regulations, cultural norms and religious believes • Providing alternative banking is arguably one mechanism to elevate financial inclusion. Examples include: • Microfinance deals with micro and small businesses and low income people • Islamic banking caters mainly for clients who require Sharia compliance financing • Mobile payment offers banking to rural areas and marginzed communities using sms and apps • Post office network and gas stations widen the reach out to communities