Economic Analysis Of Indian Paper Industry

Economic Analysis of Indian Paper Industry
ON
Market Forces: Supply and Demand
Understanding trends, drivers, elasticity and revenues
(With example of ITC paperboard & specialty papers division)
BY
Indian Paper Industry Structure: * The Indian paper industry accounts for about 2% of the world production of paper & paperboard; currently
ranks 15th in the world. * Estimated turnover of Rs. 25,000 crore approximately; contribution of about Rs. 2920 crore to the exchequer. * The
industry provides employment to more than 0.12 million people directly and 0.34 million people indirectly. * Over 800 players are currently present
in the industry and the total estimated capacity is about 11.1 million Metric Tonnes. * Most mills in India are small; a few mills have... Show more
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However, despite the higher level of technology being used in the corporate sector, there has been no decline in the demand for paper. In fact, demand
for paper has increased.
In the industrial segment, paper competes with substitutes such as polymers, wood and steel for use in packaging applications. Given their lower
prices and the increasing focus on appearance, polymers pose a threat to paper in industrial applications.
Supply:
The total number of mills in the country as of 2010–11 was around 800. During the last four years the capacity has increased by 7.3%. Given the
increase in demand for paper, there have been significant capacity additions in the past few years with total capacity reaching 11.1 million tonnes in
2010–11. This increase in capacity has led to a decline in the operating rates to levels of 78–79%.
Pricing:
Paper prices in the W&P segment marginally increased for all varieties in 2010–11 as compared to 2009–10. The prices of W & P paper rose
by 5.6 per cent in 2010–11, due to the steady demand, which grew by 6.8 per cent over the same period. Price of creamwove, maplitho and art board
increased by 2.1, 7.4 and 6.6 per cent, respectively in 2010–11. In the industrial paper segment, paper prices saw a sharper rise in 2010–11 as compared
to the writing and printing segment. The average industrial paper prices have increased at 16 per cent while the demand for the same has grown at 6.7

per cent. Both duplex board and kraft paper
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Case Study
Accounting 3411 Case Study #1:
Forest Hill Paper Company
By Thomas L. Albright
Forest Hill Paper Company (FHPC) is a closely–held paperboard manufacturer that has been struggling with a number of strategic issues facing a
capital–intensive, mature industry. Their product costing system was inadequate to provide management with relevant information for decision
making. Therefore, the board of directors has approved your consulting company's proposal to conduct a cost system pilot study. Besides showing an
analysis of FHPC's product cost, your report to the board of directors is to include strategic recommendations based on your findings.
INSTRUCTOR NOTE: I recommend viewing the following video before reading the rest of the case ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After debarking, chippers reduce the logs into one–inch cubes.
The second step in the process is termed "digesting". Wood chips are cooked at 325 degrees Fahrenheit to break down the glue–like material bonding
the wood fibers. Chemicals used in the digester are reclaimed and used in future pulp production. Following the digesting process, only brown fibers
remain which are washed and screened.
A bleaching process is used to convert brown pulp into white pulp.
The paperboard manufacturing process begins by mixing pulp with water and chemicals in the first stage, or headbox, of a paper machine. The
mixture is applied to a porous wire mesh; and formation of paper actually occurs within this step. The wire mesh travels through a press that forces
the pulp mixture against the wire to eliminate water within the mixture and to form the desired paper thickness. The material then proceeds to a
drying section where it travels across numerous cylindrical dryers that are heated with steam. In the final section of the paper machine, long sections
of paperboard are rolled up into parent rolls and are removed from the machine. The parent roll is further processed by FHPC 's customers to make
various types of paperboard containers.
Sometimes customers require additional processes to be performed on parent rolls. For example, food

Case Study Of JK Paper Mills
JK Paper Mills believe that leadership is not merely a matter of size. With leadership, comes the responsibility to drive growth in all its possible
dimensions. Leadership demands transformation. And to that extent, leadership shapes the very quality of growth.
At JK Paper Mills, holistic growth that has shaped its operations in the present as well as influenced their investments in the future – in world–class
technologies for enhancing customer experience, besides enabling to fulfill social responsibilities.
At JK Paper Mills, technology up–gradation has meant more than just better business sense. JK Paper Mills have moved beyond enhanced
productivity, wider product range and better value, to investing in and nurturing a future ready organization that is driven by its two core growth
engines – Customers and Environment.
JKPM's investments are focused on continuous and consistent up–gradation of processes, people and nature. Be it converting wastelands into
productive plantations to produce world–class pulp, or scouting for and mentoring professionals who can drive the technology movement at JK Paper
Mills.
VISION
To be a dynamic benchmark and leader in the Indian paper industry.
MISSION OF JK PAPER MILLS
To achieve and maintain brand leadership and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Internal leadership has been developed in the Trade Unions who take up the cause of labour while deeming their commitment to the production and
productivity at Mills. The Management has also been taking various steps including training to the union leaders about the rights, responsibilities and
obligations of the workers and the roles and responsibilities of the Union Leaders.The Management has always been giving adequate thrust to human
relations; which is the bedrock of industrial relations. Our welfare concept is not limited to factory or to the welfare provisions prescribed under the
statues but spread to the family members of

Non Wood Materials
This chapter contains literature and studies regarding the effectiveness of a non–wood plant as an alternative main material for paper production. While
the first use of paper started as early as trace back to the beginning of the first millennium, paper still plays a significant role in modern everyday lives
(American Forest and Paper Association, 2013). By far, paper industry is the largest consumer of natural fibers (El Omari, Zyane, Belfkira, Taourirte,
& Brouillette, 2016). However, shortage of the original raw material, which is woods, has been increasing drastically. This huge demand created a
number of strategies on how to address the problem (Madakadze, Masamvu, Radiotis, & Smith, 2010). Aside from changing the consumption ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are lesser layers before reaching the cellulose in non–wood fibers so it would be easier to process it (Villamagna, 2009).
The study of Aremu, Rafiu, and Adedeji (2015) explained that cellulose is the part that makes the fiber of a non–wood plants stronger and these are
important parameters in determining the capability of a material for pulp and paper production.The amount of cellulose fibers will still be the same,
maintaining the same sturdiness, only that non–wood plants will save a lot more energy as it uses less refining energy than its counterpart
(Subramanian, 2008). Lastly, bleaching is the process of removing the color from the material. As Subramanian (2008) added, this is also an advantage
for non–wood users as bleaching non–wood fibers to a high brightness, requires only a shorter period of time and less corrosive chemicals than wood
fibers. These advantages would help the production to be more efficient and cost effective for the paper production.
The quality of fiber produced from this material depends on the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose (Kinsella, 2008). A higher
content of cellulose can give stronger fibers that will lead to the increase in the quality of the paper produced (Aremu, Rafiu & Adedeji, 2015). Since
all plant materials have cellulose in form of fibers, they are potential sources for pulp with

The Use Of Xylans And Xylanases Has Grown Remarkably
In recent years, the biotechnological use of xylans and xylanases has grown remarkably (Aristidou and PentillГ¤ 2000; Subramaniyan and Prema
2002; Beg et al., 2001; Techapun et al., 2003). The end–products of xylan degradation of considerable importance in commercial applications are
furfural and xylitol (ParajГі et al., 1998). Xylan can be converted to ОІ–D–xylopyranosyl and its oligosaccharides via two types of hydrolysis: acid or
enzymatic. Acid hydrolysis is often preferred because it is faster, but it is accompanied by the formation of toxic compounds that may hinder
subsequent microbial fermentation. Furthermore, in the long run, it can lead to corrosion of the metallic equipment that comes in contact with the
acid. Recently, some industrial companies have shown interest in the development of efficient enzymatic processes to be used instead of acid
hydrolysis in the treatment of material containing hemicellulose. Commercial xylanases are industrially produced, for example, in Japan, Finland,
Germany, Republic of Ireland, Denmark, Canada and the USA. The microorganisms used to obtain these enzymes are Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma
sp. and Humicola insolens. Nevertheless, commercial xylanases can also be obtained from bacteria. Xylanase began to be used in the 1980s: initially
in the preparation of animal feed and later in the food, textile and paper industries. Currently, xylanase and cellulase, together with pectinases, account
for 20% of the world enzyme market.
1.10.1

Solar Renewable Energy System
In brewing industry, 80% of overall final energy consumption is used in the form of thermal energy where solar thermal can be used for brewing
processes as below: steam generation, malting process, stopping germination of grains, air cooling, conservation with hot air, power supplying of
washing machines, wither and kiln processes. Malting plants and breweries consume heat for their thermally driven processes at temperature level
ranges between 25В°C to 120В°C. It seems feasible to supply heat at this temperature level which is not higher than the actual amount required but in
reality the it is often decided by the consumer which needs the highest temperature. The integration of solar renewable energy system is necessary to
reduce the exergy losses and CO2 emissions [17,21,24,25].
To utilize the organic matter from brewing residues, optimized heat recovery can supply its thermalenergy demand over resources. Theoretically, the
full energy potential is not utilized so the pathway is the conventional means of energy. However, the conversion of heat from energy gained from
renewable energy resources can ensure environment friendly beer production process for future. To increase the overall energy efficiency, the
integration of solar heat energy gained from solar thermal collector technologies can be considered as a prospective alternative to fulfill the demands of
typical low temperature process heat.
9.3.Food Industry:
The most

Arauco Analysis
Esc Rennes| | Forward Integration or Horizontal Expansion?| | Costa Agustina| 31/03/2011|
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Arauco: Forward Integration or Horizontal Expansion?
Introduction:
Arauco was formed through a merger between Industrias Arauco and Celulosa ConstituciГіn in 1979. With the pass of the years the company become
one of the largest timber plantation owner in Latin American and Chile`s largest exporter of timber ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second phase of the project includes constructing a pulp mill and will cost US$1 billion.
Today (2004) PГ©rez main problem is that he has to decide whether the company should go through a horizontal expansion or a forward integration.
In others words, if the company should continue with the second phase of The Nueva Aldea project becoming the largest market pulp producer in the
world and having the possibility of foregoing other large projects in the next decade or to take advantage of their low costs in pulp production by
forward integrating into paper manufacturing.
Evaluation of the two alternatives:
As regards the horizontal expansion, there are several points that must be taken into account as they demonstrate that this option will be the correct
one: * This expansion will grow the company market share because they have a cost advantage. * For a company is better and easier to grow in a
sector that they are presently functioning. * The market seems to be moving in favor. * As a result of a horizontal expansion the company can achieve
economies of scale and reduce significantly their costs. * Pulp is AraucoВґs main industrial activity, generating up 52% of EBITDA * Pulp production
is the core competency of Arauco. * Becoming the market leader will allow them to control supply and demand of the market of pulp. * They have
young forests. * Arauco is one of the worldВґs premier forestry enterprises

Hemp to Save Our Trees
BY: Lillian Richard
Hemp to Save Our Trees
Worldwide we are seeing a devastation of our forests due to paper production. Consumption of wood products has risen 64% since 1961. Globally, pulp
for paper, has risen from 40% in 1998, to an expected 60% over the next 50 years. The industry expects that demand to double by 2050. The U.S.
consumes 200,000,000 tons of wood products annually, increasing by 4% every year. U.S. paper producers consume 1 billion trees each year (735
pounds of paper for every American). U.S. at 5% of world population consumes 30% of world's paper. Only 5% of virgin forests remain in the U.S.
The pulp and paper industry is the 3rd largest industrial polluter – 220 million pounds of toxic pollution into air and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, these claims went unchallenged and Congress outlawed hemp in 1937. Millions of Americans still believe the lies spread about hemp.
Hemp fiber and hurds should be used to make paper in the U.S. to reduce deforestation, reduce toxins in our waterways, and aid family farms. Hemp
products are nontoxic, biodegradable and renewable. No tree or plant species on the planet has the commercial, economic, and environmental potential
of hemp. With over 50,000 non–smoking products which can be produced from hemp why not start by saving our trees!
Lillian Richard
SCI 204 Q
D00772586
Hemp to Save Our Trees Footnotes 1. Walker, David W., Ph.D., "Can Hemp Save Our Planet?", Citing St. Angelo A.J., E.J Conkereton, J.M. Dechary,
and A.m> Altschul, 1966, Biochimica et Biphysica Acta, vol. 121 pp. 181; St. Angelo, A., L.Y. Yatsu and A.M. Altschul 1968, Archives of
Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol. 124, pp. 199–205; Stockwell, D.M., J.M. Dechary, and A.M. Altschul, 1964, Biochimica Biophysica Acta, Vol. 82
pp. 221. 2. Morroson, R.t., Organic Chemistry, 1960; Kimber, Gray, Stackpole, Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology 1943. 3. World Hunger Project,
Save the Children, EST. Forum. 4. Frazier, Jack, The Marijuana Farmers, Solar Age Press, New Orleans,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Biomass
In order to answer this question I have to carry out an experiment. This experiment will be compared with past studies of the conversion of biomass to
biofuel.
Biomass is a term defined as plant based material. Biomass energy is derived from five energy sources: garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases, and
alcohol fuels. Forest residues such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps, yard clippings, wood chips and garbage are often used. It can be used for
energy production through combustion or direct burning. Raw plant and tree materials can also be refined in order to create what are called biofuels.
One example of a potential biofuel would be wood. Wood contains a lot of potential energy but in order to create the biofuel wood energy is derived
both from the direct use of harvested wood as a fuel and from wood waste streams. The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor, a waste
product from the industrial processes of the pulp, paper and paperboard industry.
Industrial scale biomass production is now readily being grown after an increased popularity for biofuels. Biomass is now being grown from numerous
types of plants sources, including sugarcane, grasses, switchgrass, hemp, corn, pine, bluegum, poplar, willow, and sorghum. There is little difference in
the source that the energy is extracted from.
Biomass is a foundation which can be converted to energy (biofuel), it is potentially able to power everything from cars to airplanes. Biomass can be
converted to

Bounty Paper Towel Analysis
Bounty Paper Towels:
Bounty Paper Towels, known as the "The quicker picker upper" started in 1957 in Green Bay, Wisconsin. They are known as the quicker picker upper
because they are so absorbent because of the pattern they have and also because they are 2–ply which makes them thicker and more absorbent. At the
time, other brands were promoting how strong they were and how soft they were but did not really ever say much about how absorbent they were.
After research they discovered that really all customers cared about was how much they absorbed, so that is what they started promoting. In 1965, they
came out with a two–ply paper towel that was thicker and softer than any other paper towel on the market at that time. Bounty Paper Towels are made

The Benefits Of Jackfruit
According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, Jackfruit is a large tropical Asian fruit that is related to a breadfruit that yields a fine
–grained yellow wood
and immense fruits which contains an edible pulp and has nutritious seeds. It is believed to be originated in the Southwestern rain forests of the
Western Ghats in the Indian Subcontinent. It is well suited to tropical lowlands. Jackfruit is the largest tree–borne fruit, it can reach as much as 35 kg
in weight, 90 cm in length and 50 cm in diameter. A Jackfruit tree can produce about 100 to 200 fruits in a year. It is widely cultivated and popular
throughout the tropical regions. The Jackfruit peel is a waste and has no economic use. We think that we can use it to make something new that is
useful to people and can help our environment. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary,Paper is a thin sheet material that is used in writing or
printing. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of 2012, the local paper industry directly employs about 6,000 personnel, mostly skilled workers and technical professionals, and contribute value to
the economy by sustaining the livelihood opportunities of about 1.2 million workers in the wastepaper collection, sorting, and hauling sub–sectors.
Current socio–economic conditions in the country are profitable for businesses in the pulp and paper industry. While paper and paperboard
consumption in the Philippines is still low at 19 kg per capita, total annual demand is growing at 2.5% per year, with packaging and tissue grades
experiencing high growth rates. Moreover, total paper and board demand in the Philippines is projected to surpass 2 million tons within five years, or
an additional of 0.3 million tons per year at current consumption

Environmental Deterioration Of A Sustainable Industrial...
Cleaner production is the roadway to sustainable industrial development. Industrialization upgraded the world along with generation of hazardous
wastes. Chemical and process industries are under constant scrutiny in the eye of legal, economic and ecological authorities for being liable to produce
such wastes. Thus in order minimize these liabilities, the minimization of wastes should be taken care at the source. China has been acknowledged
globally for its immense population growth. With economic growth and massive industrial boom, the environmental deterioration has been on the rise.
Although the government has undertaken several steps and formulated various laws however, the response received is critical. a)Population: Although
China... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
70% of the china's major river system is polluted severely for human contact. d)Desertification: From ancient days, China is known for its agricultural
development. However, apart from human activity, the north–east region of China the desertification is caused by wind erosion. Along with wind
erosion, there is water erosion as well. e)Loss of Biodiversity: With the increased urbanization and industrialisation, there have been several proposals
of hydrological dams to support the demanding economic growth. As per China Ecological Footprint Report, 2012, the biodiversity of China is under
massive threat due to the construction of four dams. In current global scenario China is the leading exporter in the world. That being said, the
manufacturing units in terms of various industries such as, dye, chemical, food and beverages etc. are growing every day. However, the production
practices are very poor, which is the main cause of the waste generation and pollution in the country. a)Reduction of Long term Liabilities: After many
years of waste generation and pollution, the companies are disturbed about the environmental issues and waste disposal, cleaner production eliminates
such liabilities.(UNEP, 2015) b)Lowering Production Cost: The production cost is reduced by substitution of raw materials for production, economical
and environment friendly extraction of raw materials. c)Enhances

Controversy Over The Logging Industry In Canada
In Canada, there are many controversies over the logging industry. Logging is one of Canada's major industries, as it supplies countries all over the
world. Wood is one of the most used materials in society. There are many reasons why logging is controversial. People all across the world rely on
Canada for it's logging industry to build buildings, houses, and is used in everyday materials. However trees benefit the ecosystem in Canada and all
across the world. Trees can be used in our environment to benefit the forestry around us.
Trees are known to be the biggest plant in the world. In Canada, a vast majority of trees grow in the West Coast Forest Region. This region is the
most productive region for logging in Canada. The Boreal Forest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although cutting down trees may harm our environment, there are many reasons why cutting trees in Canada is a good idea and can benefit our
economy. Some of those reasons include Canada generates billions of dollars each year through the logging industry.Deforestation makes a solid
income source for the government of Canada. Over 190 658 people are able to work jobs because of the industry. Many people are currently
dependent on logging to be able to work. The logging industry, also generates billions of dollars due to pulp and paper. There are over 50 mills in
Canada for people to be able to work at. Another reason why Canada should be cutting trees down is due to the safety of others. When trees
become old and die, they become unstable and cannot handle natural problems like wind, and storms. This can turn into a hazard to the general
public. The trees are able to fall easily and can possibly hurt a pedestrian near by. Diseased trees are also a reason why Canada should be cutting
down their trees. If diseased trees are not treated properly, the disease can spread to other trees which then are not able to be used for production.
Many people challenge deforestation , the logging industry, and pulp and paper in Canada. However Canada generates billions of dollars, and people
are highly dependent on materials produced from wood and would be hard to replace due to the reliance we have on the logging

The Chinese Royal Court
Paper has been around for centuries, dating back as far as 105 A.D., when it was invented by members of the Chinese royal court. Ever since its
innovation, paper has steadily grown to be extremely important in the daily lives of different societies and cultures across the globe today. Here in
America for example, it can easily be said that the average person consumes some form of paper every single day. Our society revolves around the
consumption of paper. It is involved in many aspects of daily life, such as our food, our education, our hygiene, to decorate and clean our homes,
our occupations, our recreational activities, art, and even in holiday traditions such as gift wrapping and cards. Paper is even used as the main
form of exchange in our country, and therefore in a sense it could be said that America runs on paper. Being a current college student, paper is
more vital in my life than it has ever been before. On average, I consume at least 20 sheets of paper most days of the week, between note taking and
printing lecture slides or homework assignments. For this reason, I decided that sheet paper would be an interesting topic to perform a commodity
chain analysis on. I have always consumed it daily, but I came to realize that I do not know much about what goes into producing it, and what it takes
to get it into my notebooks and printer. Besides using paper for my education, I too like every other American use paper daily for many other things
like money, hygiene, food,

The Issue Of The Paper Industry On Our Environment
I believe that the fact that the paper industry takes a heavy toll on our forests and trees overall is common knowledge in this day and age, but it is also
something that tends to be overlooked not given the attention needed. Paper production has ranked among the top of the most resource–intensive
industries and it is with good reason. The industry consumes our trees, uses water, energy and chemicals. Thepulp and paper industry ranks fourth
among industrial sectors in emissions of Toxics Release Inventory chemicals to water, and third in such releases to air. The issues don't end there;
paper accounts for the largest portion of the municipal waste stream (34%). Once in a landfill, paper has the potential to decompose and produce
methane, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research and previous procedures must be available, and while they are most likely out of date, it gives more incentive to find efficient and less
resource–consuming ways to update hemp–paper production. Ground–work must have been laid with the plants past uses, and with funding from
companies interested in the research of new, environment–friendly resources promising results can be met.
The research will be conducted with the use of database engines and scholarly articles to seek out information on hemp, its history, uses, and future
viability. Research on the current state of the paper and pulp industry will also be presented to try and find differences or similarities that could be
telling of the viability of hemp as a prominent paper resource.
As with every research topic, limitations are unavoidable. The limits which we would be facing are the fact that our scope is limited to the research of
past data to make the most informed prediction possible for the future of hemp as a paper resource. Although no true, physical research is possible with
my present conditions, I believe that this ground–work can lead another to completing the physical research necessary for achieving the scientific
results needed.
Data
пЃ¶Advancements seen in the Paper and Pulp industry
пѓ Initially, paper is said to be invented in China in A.D 105. Ts'ai Lun receives credit for inventing paper.

Celulosa Arauco Essay
Introduction
The Pulp industry is a promising industry with profit margins as high as 31%. Pulp is a commodity product which is frequently traded. Demand for
pulp is expected to increase world over in the coming years.
Key Environmental, structural, competitive and market forces affecting Pulp industry (See Exhibit 1)
The pulp industry has been marked by a flat growth over the past few years. Though, it is expected to pick up with demand increasing in the emerging
economies such as China. The pulp producers have been known for controlling inventories releasing products to marketplace at a targeted price. But the
overall market trend is changing from a supply driven market to a demand driven market. The Chilean government and free trade ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Recommendation for Horizontal Integration (See Exhibit 4)
I would support and recommend Perez to make investments to increase capacity and expand horizontally. The greatest competitive advantage of
Celulosa Arauco is cost. I believe that Celulosa Arauco can take advantage of its low cost effectiveness and become a low cost leader in pulp. If
Celulosa Arauco is consistently able to price their pulp lower, it will be increasingly difficult for vertically integrated companies to produce their own
pulp in–house. In a commodity market it is critical to keep costs low by maintaining high production efficiencies. I would also recommend Perez to
invest further in Research and Development, Forest Management and Genetics to improve the overall quality and life of plantations. Generating
electricity from surpluses at the pulp mills will help it to reduce costs further. Concentrating a large amount of revenues from a single source (pulp)
carries a lot of risk. Hence, I would recommend Perez to diversify into as many by–products as possible. The panels, timber and wood products market
can create a buffer to maintain their margins when the pulp prices are volatile. Celulosa Arauco has an established distribution network including ports
that plays an important role to reduce transportation costs. Integrating vertically into paper manufacturing will require different sets of skills and
resources. Unlike pulp, paper is

Problem Analysis & Description. Net Sales For International
Problem Analysis & Description
Net Sales for International Paper Company (IP) decreased from $23,617 million in 2014 to $22,365 million in 2015 ("Annual Performance
Summary 2015"). While these sales decreased overall, there appeared to be a greater decrease in sales for consumer packaging than for any other
department. Consumer packaging has seen a dramatic decrease in sales for the second year in a row. According to IP's 10k, consumer packaging
sales are projected to be lower than average for the first quarter in 2016 as well. Operating profit for consumer packaging went from 178 million to
(25) million from 2014 to 2015. ("Annual Performance Summary 2015"). According to International Paper's 2015 10K, the steep decline in consumer ...
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Another possibility is that the cost of manufacturing consumer packaging goods has increased so much for IP that even an increase in demand for these
products does not outweigh the cost.
Insert net sales chart
Income has been declining for International Paper Company in recent years. According to IP's 10k, their income declined from 2,476 million to
(1,332) million to (124) million from 2013 to 2014 to 2015 respectively. The decline in profit is mostly due to the decline in sales in recent years.
Sales during the most recent quarter saw a (1.97) growth. Trailing twelve month growth compared to last year saw (7.54) growth. IP's 4 year
growth rate is at a low of (5.38) ("Financial Highlights"). While IP has negative growth, their growth is significantly less than the negative growth
than industry, sector, and S&P 500 (International Paper "Financial Highlights"). Since the entire industry of paper mills is facing a steep decline in
growth, it is expected that IP's sales would also decline. The market for paper products in changing, leading to a decline in sales across the board.
Paper imports are increasing as well as prices of raw materials and they are projected to continue increasing according to IBISWorld's projections.
Although IP appears to be doing a better job than most of their industry at keeping sales from falling too dramatically due to these factors, their sales
and income are still affected negatively by these changes.
Because of the decline in

Sappi And Sustainability : Sappi North America
Sappi and Sustainability
Sappi North America owns a paper mill in Skowhegan, Maine and another in Westbrook. The article I read was predominantly about the Skowhegan
Sappi Mill, which has been ranked among the worst polluters in the state of Maine. Sappi North America came out with their sustainability report for
2015 back in May after a tax agreement was completed with the town of Skowhegan. I live in Madison, which is the next town over from Skowhegan,
and our paper mill stopped production of is paper this past May soon after Sappi released their sustainability report. The issue of taxes is something the
town of Madison is still dealing with and something Skowhegan hopes they will not have to deal with. This, however, seems inevitable as evaluations
continue to drop the value of mills in the state, forcing towns to find money somewhere else.
There are three major issues Sappi must deal with. The first problem is the closing of other paper mills in the area. The Madison Mill, along with four
other paper mills in Maine, have shut down over the past couple of years (Harlow, 2016). This is a result of better technology including laptops, tablets,
email, instant messaging, and online shopping. People do not need paper for writing letters, printing assignments, or looking through catalogs anymore,
causing the demand for paper to drop. Companies that still use paper for catalogs and magazines have start to buy paper from mills in other countries,
such as Canada, which off

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Bio-Diesel
6.5.2.Bio–diesel
Chemically, bio–diesel is a methyl ester of C16 –C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids obtained through base, acid or enzyme catalyzed
transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol. Enzyme catalyzed transesterification make the whole production process considerably sustainable
and greener. In Europe, biodiesel is made predominantly from rape seed oil. Worldwide so many plants have been used for the production of biodiesel
such as jojoba oil, jatropha oil, karanja oil etc. Transesterification of vegetable oil produce bio–diesel and glycerol. Glycerol can be further used for
other important applications. The biodiesel so obtained can be added to diesel fuels in different percentage compositions that may vary from 5% to
30%. In some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disadvantages
Besides having several advantages plant based renewable raw materials few limitations associated with their use are given below:
Most of the plant products that can be used as a building block for industries have conventionally been used as food resources. Plant resources need
lots a space for their development. Biomass is essentially seasonal, which affect their continuous supply as a feedstock. A broad range of materials
that comprise biomass could be damage if new processes need to be developed for each feedstock. The building blocks extracted from biomass are
foreign to traditional chemical producers and must be demonstrated to function similarly to existing building blocks.
8.Conclusions
Plant based raw materials are already replacing fossil based materials. They have high substitution potential especially for the products that have direct
contact to humans e.g. tenside in detergents, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In addition to that, their cost effectiveness and high concerns for
environmental consequences promote their use in various industries. In the future, plant–derived chemicals are expected to play an increasingly
significant role in the commercial development of new

The Evolution Of The Orangutans
The Orangutans which are also known as Pongo abelii, are the second largest apes after the gorillas. The male Orangutans can grow up to five feet
and weigh around ninety one kilograms while the female Orangutans can reach an average height of three feet while weighing around forty five
kilograms (Shank, C., 2012). The Orangutans are well known for their ability to swing from tree to tree easily with their long arms while their legs
act as a second pair of arms when needed. Orangutans in general live up to the age of forty. The female Orangutans are able to produce one infant at a
time with a gestation period of nine months. Female Orangutans are able to produce mere three off springs during their short child bearing years, thus,
making their population growth vulnerable. The Orangutans play an important role in the ecosystem. They consume fruits and scatter the seeds
through their digestive system all around the forests. This process of scattering seeds around the forests ensures the growth of fruit bearing trees and
plants.
The Sumatran Orangutan population has depleted drastically in the last twenty to thirty years due to their habitat loss through the clearing of forests to
pave way for oil palm plantations and other agricultural developments (Gursky–Doyen, S., & Supriatna, J., 2010). With palm oil being extremely
versatile, its demand has resulted in having 48 million tonnes of palm oil being produced each year for the world export market (Oil World Trade
Journal, 2008),

Essay on Managing Energy Sources
Managing Energy Sources
Project Proposal
In today's world were the rate of world's possessions is deteriorating quickly. There is far added pressure on the factory managers to construct
merchandise in a technique that supply greatest management of energy. I would like to choose Motkamills for my module project, which happens to be a
paper mill which specialises in producing laminating paper. I have chosen this particular industry because of the fact, pulp for making paper is
extracted from the trees and this is one of the industries that need high monitoring to be energy efficient. Moreover they need to be environment
friendly as eco–system needs to be in perfect balance for survival of humans.
The use of energy monitoring and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The energy saving process for 50 GPM of reclaimed water would roughly require about 100 to 200 square feet of common production space. Utility
requirements would be compressed air. The estimate for total connected horsepower for the entire process would range from 15 to 20 HP.
The operating and maintenance costs for this process would consist of electric power costs along with chemical purchases and maintenance costs.
The water recycle process would have to be connected with and electrical load in the range of 15 to 20 horsepower. Based upon the number of times
water recycled associated power requirements an annual cost of $7,500 would be incurred according to (O'Connor, October2006).
The chemical consumption rates estimated from the test run of this process were found to be very repetitive. The annual cost for chemicals is based
upon the experimental operation expenses extrapolated to an annual consumption rate. These costs are based upon the specific coagulant and
flocculants needed for the pilot testing. The annual cost is approximated at $16,000. If the fibre is recovered or dewatered further for disposal and the
chemical treatment costs may be discounted as they are approximately same as to the chemical requirements for the treatment of the fibre and fillers
needed for the waste treatment plant or the recovery of fibre through alternate technologies.
According to (O'Connor, October2006) the maintenance

Corporate Sustainability And The Social, Environmental And...
Executive Summary This report explores corporate sustainability and the social, environmental and financial performance of International Paper
Company. "Today we see a growing momentum to reduce carbon footprints and co–create new social and economic structures." (http:/
/www.interfaceglobal.com/ Company/Leadership–Team/Ray–Watch. aspx) Sustainability consists of environmental and social performance as well as
financial performance. Companies which can incorporate these strong values and cultures are becoming more the norm than not. Many studies now
show that most companies have adapted some form of sustainability with some doing so at a higher level than others. In a study by Robert G. Eccles
and George Serafeim, they compared ninety companies that they considered to be high sustainability companies and 90 companies that they considered
to be low sustainability companies were compared. The findings of their 18 year time frame showed that the high sustainability companies
outperformed the low sustainability companies in the stock market and financially. This only occurred in a long term plan. Therefore companies who
want results in the short term might not see the results they want immediately. (Eccles and Serafeim) In today's society corporations have a
responsibility to the environment as well as to making a profit. A range of social and environmental issues and what is expected of the modern day
corporation will be discussed along

World Map Of Pollution Index For 2016 Essay
Introduction
Vietnam is experiencing a rapid and significant structural shift of its economy away from agriculture, forestry and fisheries towards industrialization.
This economic growth has brought significant benefits to the people of Vietnam. Income and education have increased, while poverty has substantially
declined. However, natural resources have been severely depleted and environmental quality has declined due to the rise in pollution levels. http:/
/icem.com.au/documents/envassessment/wb_cea/WB_CEA.pdf Figure 1 demonstrates that Vietnam is one of the highest ranked countries in the
world in terms of pollution index. Figure 1: World Map of Pollution Index for 2016
In general, industrial enterprises in Vietnam have a poor environmental track record. Many use old equipment which is less efficient and more
polluting. In addition, several are without systems to control and treat wastewater. http://icem.com.au/documents/envassessment/wb_cea/WB_CEA.pdf
Many of these plants do not comply with the country's environmental regulations and do not have the necessary technology available for pollution
control. Although the Government has previously introduced policies for pollution prevention and control, their implementation is slow and additional
remedies for pollution prevention and cleanup are needed. http://icem.com.au/documents/envassessment/wb_cea/WB_CEA.pdf
The pulp and paper–making industry is responsible for significant environmental pollution that is affecting

Background of Roscoe and the NDT Industry
Background of Roscoe and the NDT Industry
Found in 1973 in Western Louisiana, Roscoe Nondestructive Testing Inc., is a company specialized in provision of testing service for large boilers of
pulp and paper mills industry. Its services include monitoring corrosion of boiler walls by nondestructive testing (NDT) methods (such as ultrasonics)
and provide its customers reports for the condition of boilers. With the testing information provided by Roscoe, pulp and paper mills can evaluate
whether replacement or repair of their boilers is required.
The most important asset for Roscoe is people, who are a team of highly specialized and professional NDT technicians. To become a NDT technician,
it requires professional training and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the further enhancement on customer service level, Porter believed that he could be able to turn around business of Roscoe in 1–2 years time.
The Quality Improvement Program
Having identified the areas of improvement, Porter started a Quality Improvement Program (QIP) to enhance the customer service level of its service
team. The training included provision of training on customer contact skills to technicians, redefining of service guidelines, development of customer
satisfaction surveying system and a bonus system for awarding outstanding performed technicians evaluated by customers.
The QIP program was generally able to improve overall service level and customer satisfaction towards the inspection team. In a customer
satisfaction survey conducted in November 1991 (6 months after the first survey and QIP), it showed that customers' perception on Roscoe's
technicians, particular in the area of level of courtesy, organization of work and willingness to make extra effort, were all improved. Yet, it was
observed in the second customer satisfaction survey that customers' evaluations of the overall performance of Roscoe were only slightly improved.
There was still more than 40% of customers believed that Roscoe's service was not value for their money.
Approaching the year end of 1991, Porter predicted that

The Study On Environemtal Pollution Essay
The Study on ' 'Environemtal pollution" has been accomplished with the useful efforts and contribution of the group members. Working on this term
paper has been very beneficial for us as it is related to our course 'Businees law". This term paper has given us a big boost to the development of our
bookish knowledge with the help of practical knowledge and group discussions.
We would like to thank our honorable faculty member Fahmida Hasan for giving us the opportunity to make this term paper.
Then I would like to thank our group members– Istiak. If they were not supportive enough till the end, this term paper would never have been
completed accurately.
We, the group members also want to thank each other. Each of the group members was very helpful to each other. Every member's participation was
very much beneficial, necessary and nobody let anyone down. The group work was satisfactory for us.
We would like to acknowledge that all the images are collected from websites. Information presented in this term paper is gathered from and internet
web sites & bangladesh poribesh andolon (BAPA).
2.Objective of the study
In this study, our primary objective is to find out the reasons and facts regarding how environmental pollution effects in Dhaka city and the basic laws
or steps are setup for these situation. To be simple, our main objective is to know the current thought of people about environmental pollution in dhaka
city.
Our secondary objective is to find out the laws

An Issue For Humans, The Natural World, And The Economy
1) The issue you have explored including why it is an issue for humans, the natural world, and the economy.
Paper mills have been known to release toxic waste materials into the water and the air in which they operate. This has not only happened here in
Maine, but also in states such as Wisconsin and Georgia. In Wisconsin, chemicals used in thepaper making process have been found in rivers, gaining
concentration in the sediment at the river bottom (Environmental Impacts of the Paper Industry, 2016). These chemicals are used "to prevent bacterial
growth in the pulp and finished paper products" (Environmental Impacts of the Paper Industry, 2016). Poisons released into the air in Georgia from the
paper industry "include nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic chemicals" as well as "mercury", "cellulosic fibers", and
"chlorophenolic wood preservatives and anti–sap stains" (Jackson, Standiford, Smith, Spencer, & Tyler, 2014). Paper production also involves the use
of great amounts of energy, causing some mills to put up their own energy generators or use large amounts of public power (Environmental Impacts
of the Paper Industry, 2016). To make paper, you must also have pulp, which comes from trees. These trees are not always responsibly resourced,
causing some patches of trees to be cut down completely in places that have never been cut before, possibly in foreign countries (Environmental
Impacts of the Paper Industry, 2016). If not properly cut,

Application Of Cellulases On Juice Recovery
Application of Cellulases on Juice Recovery
Introduction
Cellulose is the most abundant compound produced from stalks, leaves, and stems (Shankar, 2011). The use of enzymes in the food industry provides
safer and higher quality products. Cellulases are enzymes which break down the sugar cellulose. Cellulase enzymes are produced by fungi, animals,
plants, and bacteria. (Zhang 2013) The cellulase enzyme has been used for various industry applications such as the textile industry, paper industry, and
juice industry. Cellulases link beta, 1,4 linkages in the cellulose chains (Zhang 2013). There are three types of cellulase enzymes: endoglucanases,
exoglucanases, and beta–glucosidases. Exoglucanases act on the reducing or non–reducing ends of cellulose (Zhang, 2013). Endoglucanases cut the
nonreducing ends of cellulose or the beta–1,4–bonds. Endoglucanases are also produced by bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals (Zhang,2013). Lastly,
beta–glucosidases are produced by archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals and are known for degrading cellobiose (Zhang, 2013). All three
forms of cellulases are produced from animals, bacteria, and plants. The purpose of this paper will be to discuss mainly the cellulase enzyme and its
effect on the juice industry in addition to other applications of cellulase, and how cellulase behaves in combination with other enzymes such as
pectinase and xylanase.
1.Beverage Industry
Fruit contains a cell wall which consists of 10% proteins and 90%

Arauco Case
Arauco Case
1. Should Arauco build the Nueva Aldea project? (Hint: Estimate the project Net Present Value and provide a recommendation considering quantitative
and qualitative arguments)
Qualitative arguments
We would suggest the company to go ahead with the the project Nueva Aldea considering next arguments:
Horizontal expansion
The company Arauco should build the project Nueva Aldea, for various reasons related to production, efficiency, access to lowercosts and its growth
internationally.
Among the reasons that support the construction of the new plant, we consider that Arauco will be located in a specific region (VIII) close to the ports
of LirquГ©n, Coronel and San Vicente where we can find the largest productive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in the case of Arauco, forward integration presents at least five big threats:
1. Customers become supplier's competitors, as a consequence, decrease the pulp demand.
2. Cost disadvantage due to its smaller scale of paper manufacture operations compared to its paper manufacturers' competitors.
3. To move the company out the boundaries of its core business into an adjacent space, where there is not a practical know–how developed.
4. Using recycled fibers from paper has several advantages, including lower cost to recycle paper than produce pulp.
5. Uncertainty about paper demand and price since computers, handle devices, and mobile phones would act as a substitute for paper.
Quantitative arguments
According to the estimated net present value of the investment in Nueva Aldea project, we would suggest the company to go ahead with the investment
(The project Net Present Value estimations are shown in Exhibit 1).

Assumptions:
* Evaluation time: 33 Years considering 3 years of construction, and 30 years of lifetime. * Price of Pulp (US$/Ton): The projection is that the price
will increase 8% per year. * Level of Production (Ton/year): Assumed the data provided in the case for a new pulp mill. * Variable costs: Assumed
from exhibit 6. It will increase the same 8% as the variable revenue. * Fixed Costs: 9% of annual sales. * Depreciation: Linear depreciation in 30

History Of International Paper Company
1.History of International Paper Company International Paper Company was incorporated January 31, 1898, upon the merger of 18 pulp and paper
mills in the northeastern United States. Its founders and first two presidents were William Augustus Russell and Hugh J Chisholm. The newly formed
company supplied 60 percent of all newsprint in the country. Through many changes it has become one of the largest producers of paper and paper
products and had facilities in twenty–four countries. The company now manufactures plastic lids and paper cups for fast–food giants like McDonald 's,
Wendy 's and Subway. They also produce printer and copier paper, envelopes, corrugated packaging and shipping containers, consumer packaging for
cosmetics and home entertainment. International Paper has made advantageous changes to stay competitive and profitable in the industry and to reduce
their carbon footprint on the environment as times and conditions have changed.
2.The Growing Momentum to Introduce Sustainability to the Modern Corporation. Global leaders are making a turn toward sustainability and thus
lessening their carbon footprint on the environment. One such company which has joined in the global change toward sustainability is International
Paper Company. Paper companies have long been criticized for the harm done to the environment. Environmentalists have criticized paper companies
for years because of the pollution from their manufacturing

ISSN 1940–204X
Thomas L. Albright University of Alabama
IntroductIon
Forest Hill Paper Company (FHPC) is a small, closely–held paperboard manufacturer that produces a broad line of paperboard in large reels, termed
parent rolls. These parent rolls are sold to converters who further process them into containers used for a diverse line of consumer products, such as
packaging for microwavable meals. The owners of FHPC have long pursued the strategy of producing a full range of products. As a small company
competing against large companies in a commodity market, management believes Forest Hill must offer a full range of both products and services.
Thus, Forest Hill's strategy is to create a niche based on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Chemicals used in the digestor are reclaimed and reused in future pulp production. Following the digesting process, the naturally brown fibers are
washed and screened. A bleaching process converts brown pulp into white pulp. The paperboard manufacturing process begins by mixing pulp with
water and chemicals in the first stage, or headbox, of a paper machine. The mixture is applied to a porous wire mesh; formation of paper actually
occurs within this step. The wire mesh travels through a press that forces the pulp mixture against the wire to eliminate water within the mixture
and to form the desired paper thickness. The material then proceeds to a drying section where it travels across numerous cylindrical dryers that are
heated with steam. In the final section of the paper machine, long sections of paperboard (approximately five miles long and weighing ten tons) are
rolled up into parent rolls and are removed from the machine. The parent roll is further processed by FHPC's customers to make various types of
paperboard containers. Sometimes customers require additional processing on parent rolls. For example, food processors often require widths of 18
inches, rather than the standard width of a reel (approximately 12 feet). Thus, reels are loaded onto a rewinder slitter to produce eight reels 18 inches
wide from one 12–foot–wide reel. For convenience, Forest Hill had always combined labor and machine costs of the rewinder slitter with

Canadian Economic Problems
To meet the needs of Canadian people, three fundamental economic questions need to be answered:
What should we produce?
How should we produce it?
For whom should we produce it?
Although every country will answer the what, how and for whom questions differently, every country will be confronted with the same fundamental
problems: resource allocation and scarcity.
Resources are all the ingredients needed for production. The factors of production include land(natural resources, labor (workers for the production
process) entrepreneur (business owners), and capital (technology and machinery/tools of production).
Scarcity refers to the fact that people's wants or desires are going to be higher than the resources available to achieve ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The above is what Canadian industry produces but what is it that we produce, the goods and services. The largest category of goods is motor vehicles
and parts which slightly bypassed energy products such as oil, bitumen and natural gas. The third product Canada produces is metals & minerals
followed by consumer goods.
2.Provide a timeline of major exports (what the nation used to heavily produce, what they are known for producing now, future trends) (Julie)
1600's
Canada's Economy is based mostly on natural resources such as fur trade, farming, fishing, forestry, and mining. The history of Canada's economy
goes back to the 16th century when the French and British came to Canada and traded iron tools, weapon and other good with the First Nations
people for fur, beaver mostly. The fur where exported back to Europe and Canadian Codfish was dried and salted and sent to Europe as well.
1800's
1890 to 1914 – Canada had a rapid growth of mining and manufacturing. In Aug of 1896, the was the "Klondike Gold Rush," a large mining of gold.
The gold rush was hot news that spread quickly and produced a pull factor, drawing the attention of many immigrants and explorers.
1900's
By the 1900's some industries such as carriage making and blacksmithing declined and were replaced with new modern industries such as electrical

equipment. Also, now factories were built, and the demand for workers increased.
1890 to 1914 – Pulp and Paper high in demand

American Chemical Corporatiion
American Chemical Corporation
Context
The business environment leading up to 1979 was a very challenging one as the U.S. economy was still on the heels of a period of high inflation, low
growth and high unemployment that started in the 1970s. The deep recession hit almost all sections of the economy. Real gross national product
(GNP) fell by 2.5 percent while the unemployment rate rose above 10 percent and almost one–third of America's industrial plants lay idle.
Company
The Dixon Corporation is a specialty chemicals company that supplies primarily to the paper and pulp industry. The company's products are mainly
used by paper companies as a bleaching agent for pulp. Dixon's principal plant was located in Calhoun, Georgia, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the period from 1980 to 1984, all data of sales, depreciation and manufacturing and other costs are given in the case (Exhibit 8). The period
covering 1985–1989 the following assumptions were made:
1. Sales are assumed to not exceed 38,000 tons due to the 40,000 ton capacity constraint and a margin for unsellable output. Price per ton growth rate
is assumed at 8% through 1989, as stated in the case. 2. Variable Costs: powercost per KWH growth rate of 12% year on year, graphite and salt expense
growth rate of 5% and 6% annually as plant production expected to remain constant 3. Fixed Costs: labor, maintenance and other fixed costs to grow
at 10%, 8% and 0.04% year on year based on the average growth rate from 1980–1984. 4. Selling costs and R&D would remain roughly 0.7% and
2.8% of sales. 5. Net working capital would remain at 9% of sales based on AR staying at 10% of sales, inventory staying at 4.5% of sales, and
accounts payable constant at 5.5% of sales. 6. The case stated that annual capital expenditure would be within $475k and $600k. Looking at the capital
expenditure in 1983 and 1984, spending would peak at $600k. Based on this, it is assumed that an ongoing capital expenditure of $600k annually
would be spent from 1985–1989. 7. There will be no terminal value because the plant's

Causes And Effects Of Deforestation
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses. According to the United Nations' Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 18 million acres of forest land is lost each year attributed to deforestation alone. Deforestation happens in
most parts of the world, though tropical rainforests are usually severely affected. Deforestation has been practiced throughout history although it
has increased enormously over the past 50 years. There are many cause of deforestation. Firstly, Trees are being cut down for business purposes.
This includes timber harvesting to create commercial items such as paper, furniture and homes. In paper industries, harvested raw wood are first
turned into watery "soup" called wood pulp containing lignin, wood fibers, water and the chemicals used for pulping process. Paper industries
then bleach pulp to the color they desire depending on the type of paper needed by using a variety of chemicals. When the pulp is ready, large
machines spray the pulp mixture onto moving mesh screens to make a layered mat. The mat of pulp then goes through several processes to
remove water and dry it out. The mat is finally heated through rollers to remove any remaining water and to compress into on roll of paper which
is usually very wide. This paper is then coated with special chemicals to give it a special texture, and extra strength. Lastly, the paper rolls are cut
to desired size and then packaged for shipping to other facilities for additional processing to manipulate it into all types of specialized papers. In
home, forest products are known to form magnificent building materials. Therefore trees are commonly used to make timber which serves as a raw
material for building. Timbers of various sizes, weight and shapes are designed to fit the desire of the house needed. Some house designs my require
large bulk of timber while others requires small amount to be completed Secondly tress are being cut down to make more land available for housing
and urbanization. Rapid global population growth, urbanization, rising incomes and resource scarcity are exerting excess pressure on land and water
resources used by agriculture and forests, which are critical to

Pulp Company Business Operations
Pulp Company Business Operations
Pulp Company manufacture and sells paper card board, food packaging, and carton boxes to various industries such as food industries, stationery
shops, packaging companies, and electrical & electronics industries etc. Pulp Co. uses waste paper as raw material for recycling and producing pulp.
The pulp is blown dry and hardens thus forming cardboard which is used for games board, ring files, and drawing board found in stationery shop.
These pulp are also used to produce trays for holding food such as eggs, dried food products etc. With recycling of waste paper in card board, carton
boxes of various sizes and holding capacity can also be produced and sold to packaging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This computerized software system is usually known as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Orders and delivery information should be
correctly captured in the system once purchase orders from customers are received. Finished goods would be delivered to customers through in–house
transport department.
4.1.4 Basic customer handling skills.
Indoor sales usually does not deal much with potential prospects as they only serve confirmed customers. However it is paramount that they learn how
to communicate with customers usually the purchaser, and convey their requests into proper order fulfillments.
4.1.5 Product knowledge.
Every sales personnel must know what they are selling. Indoor sales clerks must be enable to identify various services and products produced by their
company.
4.2 Outdoor sales training scheme
The outdoor sales executives form the core of profit generation. They are the ones who are responsible for the livelihood of all the staff including the
CEO himself. Lets focus on their training in Pulp Co.
4.2.1 Sales presentation skills.

The manager will teach the salespeople how to present the product to the potential prospect. There are 2 methods of sales

Total Environmental Assessment for Pulp and Paper Industry...
Total Environmental Assessment for Pulp and Paper Industry in the Philippines
Emil Adrian V. Fernandez
M.S. Industrial Engineering Student
Industrial Engineering Department, De La Salle University – Manila fernandeze@dlsu.edu.ph ABSTRACT
Among current environmental issues, pollution is of major importance in terms of the impact on people's health and their living and working
conditions regardless of the origin or source of pollutants. The indiscriminate discharge of untreated wastewater, improper disposal of solid waste and
air pollution pose great risks to public health and cause significant welfare losses. The Philippine Pulp and Paper Industry though played a major role
in the economic recovery program is one of the major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common sources of pulp include mixed tropical hardwood and various planted tree species such as falcate, eucalyptus, gmelina, acacia
and pinus. The most common pulp produced is kraft pulp (DBP, 1999). In the Philippines, kraft pulp is exclusively produced by PICOP. Kraft
pulp is either bleached or unbleached. Bleached kraft pulp (BKP) is mainly used in newsprint, printing writing, and tissue paper manufacture.
While Unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) is used for linerboard, sack paper, wrapping papers and board (DBP, 1999). 1.2.1.2 Secondary Fiber
Secondary fiber is produced by repulping waste paper, It is the most dominant source of fiber in the country. Usually, secondary fiber is combined at
a predetermined ratio with virgin pulp to regulate the quality of finished paper. The reason thy secondary fiber is still the most popular in usage is its
lower price compared to virgin fiber. Processing of secondary fiber also generates less pollution compared to the other sources of pulp (DBP, 1999).
1.2.1.3 Non–wood Pulp The only type of non–wood pulp now being produced in the Philippines is abaca pulp. There used to be two producers of pulp
from bagasse, the Central Azucarera de Bais and United Pulp and Paper Corporation but have stopped production because of the negative
environmental impacts

Business Strategy And Managing Changing Environmental...
Business Strategy and Environment
Article: – Business Strategy and Firm Reorganization: Role of Changing Environmental Standards, Sustainable Business Initiatives and Global Market
Conditions
Index
Sr. No.DescriptionAnnexurePage No.
1.Introduction"A"02 – 03
2.Key Points"B"03 – 06
3.Marketing & Sustainability "C" 07
4.Conclusion"D" 08
5.References
Introduction:
Business Strategy and Firm Reorganization in Terms ofEnvironment Sustainability
Effective Business strategy is a key to success for any business organization, in this era of Globalization and fastest communication ICT modes, while
Business are getting faster and excess of production with latest tools and techniques, the very same time issue of sustainability and Environment is a
growing concern. The early 1990 saw a worldwide economic slowdown, from 1980 is to 1990s price reduction and falling profits were the problems
faced by paper and pulp industry.
Therefore, in order to counter the problems that were being faced; Management of USA and Scandinavia European countries with slightly difference of
Methods and Technology and Research and Development, found and implemented various methods in terms of Market trends, Cost–effectiveness,
Environment and Sustainability concerns, Supply chain Management and Reorganization/decision making.
Although, the environment impact of Paper and

Mondi: An International Packaging and Paper Group
Contents COMPANY HISTORY2 SWOT ANALYSIS2 Strengths3 Weaknesses3 Opportunities4 Threats4 CURRENT MARKET SITUATION5
Market State in the World5 Branches in Other Countries5 IT POSITION6 IT SYSTEM OF THE ORGANISATION6 System Risks6 Security7
Recovery8 FUTURE STRATEGY10 CONCLUSION11 REFERENCES:12 COMPANY HISTORY According to Mondi Group website, 2013, Mondi
is an international packaging and paper Group, with production operations across 30 countries and over 25,700 employees. Its key operations and
interests are in central Europe, Russia and South Africa. The roots of the global business that is now Mondi were first planted in 1967 in South Africa,
when their former owners Anglo American plc built the Merebank... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2011 was a momentous year for a number of reasons. The 'Arab Spring' uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa and the earthquake and tsunami
in Japan in the п¬Ѓrst half of the year, coupled with concerns around the US economic recovery, all had a profound effect on the global social, political
and economic landscape. More directly affecting Mondi's trading environment, the second half of the year was dominated by the ongoing
macroeconomic challenges affecting the Eurozone and the wider European Union, with the threat of sovereign default and the break–up of the
Eurozone creating widespread uncertainty in many of the countries in which they operate. Against this backdrop, the Group achieved very pleasing
results with underlying operating proп¬Ѓt increasing by 36% to E622 million and basic earnings per share – alternative measure – increasing by 57%
to 71.8 euro cents per share, conп¬Ѓrming the validity of their strategy. Branches in Other Countries Mondi Group's branches are spread throughout the
world. They have branches in the areas of Northern America, Latin America, Africa, Europe, Middle East and Asia Pacific. IT POSITION According to
Mondi Group, 2013, In order to deliver maximum performance at optimum cost, Mondi Corrugated focuses on appropriate designs, materials and
printing, which in combination with the relevant technical functionalities add up to the desired end product. Process

Should Marijuana Be Illegal?
Getting to know Cannabis as a Whole Marijuana as you know is illegal in more than half of the United States. You would think marijuana was illegal
because of some harmful effects but that 's where you 're wrong. The reasons why Marijuana was made illegal were because the the public were never
informed about the real uses of Marijuana. Marijuana also known as Hemp is often used as source to make materials such as paper. Before 1883 about
seventy–five to ninety percent of the world 's paper was manufactured from hemp bast fiber. The United States first proposed making paper from hemp
pulp in the early 1930s. Although at the moment there was no machine that could be used to help mass produce hemp in a fast and cheap way.
Meanwhile, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only knowledge about hemp that the public knew about was stories and rumors that gave Cannabis a bad name like "the killer weed with roots in
hell", because of the supposedly harmful effects that it had on the human body and brain, Nowadays with our more advanced technology has proven
that Marijuana Has more positive effects than bad ones. Little did people know that the first Levi 's blue jeans were made from the hemp plant. In
my research Paper I will include basic information on Hemp, Products made from Hemp, How Hemp can help us save paper and the environment,
How hemp can fit into our daily lives, and basic info on different parts of the Hemp plant.
First of all, hemp has been used way before any of us knew it as cannabis. Industrial hemp is known as those parts of the cannabis sativa plant which
contains less than one percent tetrahydrocannabinols also referred to as THC. THC is the psychoactive chemical found in cannabis sativa that gives
you the "high" feeling. Marijuana comes from the flowers of the cannabis sativa plant and often contain more than 1.00 percent THC. Industrial hemp
has no psychoactive properties, which means when consumed you will not experience its side effects. Industrial hemp can be grown as a profitable,
high–quality fiber crop without producing marijuana. Different seed varieties produce different levels of THC. Farmers in the Europe have been
growing hemp for over twenty years without any problems

Lenzing Ag Case
Lenzing AG: Expanding in Indonesia
Case Review
Summary
Lenzing AG is one of the worlds largest rayon fiber manufacturers, originating in Lenzing, Austria. In 1938 Lenzing AG was founded, starting pulp and
viscose fiber production.
Up until the 1980's, Lenzing was a company that held its production and management in the same country and town where the company had originated.
Until one day , the Chairman of Lenzing had agreed to go into a joint partnership with an international investor. The joint venture was with an Indian
entrepreneur by the name of Ashok Birla, who saw opportunity in Indonesia for Lenzing and the rayon industry within. Lenzing viewed this as an
opportunity to break out of their domestic Austrian market, and tap ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a producer of rayon, Lenzing's most important fundamental constituent is dissolving grade pulp. This is a rather uncommon form of pulp, in
which they have been purchasing from Brazil to their production plant in Indonesia. This would be viewed as a weakness, as in Indonesia there are 14
pulp producers, none with the technology to create the dissolving grade pulp, but pulp none the less. I believe that Lenzing has an opportunity to
create an agreement with one or more of these local pulp producers, to enable them to produce the necessary grade of pulp.
As rayon requires a large amount of pulp for its production, they have purchased a percentage of a company in Brazil to meet their pulp needs. For
Lenzing, this was a valuable purchase and has made it possible for them to continue the production of rayon in Indonesia. Although, I believe that there
is an opportunity locally that would satisfy their need for pulp. Indonesia has 14 producers of pulp, none of them with the technology to create the
required grade that is needed in the production of rayon. Rather than purchasing a percentage of the pulp company in brazil, and having to ship the pulp
time after time internationally, it could have been a more economical transaction with the Indonesian pulp companies. There could have been an
opportunity to

Economic Analysis Of Indian Paper Industry

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