India has become a world leader in waste paper production due to China restricting waste paper imports in 2018, leading Western countries to export over 200% more waste paper to India. India relies heavily on imported waste paper as a raw material for its paper industry since it lacks sufficient forests to produce pulp. The influx of waste paper imports has helped fuel India's large newspaper industry and meet the needs of its growing packaging and publishing sectors.

1. A
MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACTION PROJECT REPORT
On
“WASTE MANAGEMENT OF WASTE PAPER”
AT
SAVINO PAPERS LLP, PRANTIJ
Submitted to
D.L PATEL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY,
VIDHAYA NAGARI, HIMATNAGAR
Code: 709
Under the Guidance of
Prof. Bhargavi Suthar
In partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of the award of the degree of Master of
Business Administration (MBA)
Offered By
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad
Prepared By:
NAME ENROLL NO.
Simpal J. Chaudari 217090592001
Vijay V. Prajapati 217090592003
Bhargavkumar J. Solanki 217090592007
Nilesh A. Tiwari 217090592012
MBA
Batch 2021-23

6. with

7. This is to certify that project work embodied in this report entitled “Multidisciplinary
Action Project Titled “WASTE MANAGEMENT OF PAPER” at SAVINO PAPERS
LLP (AHMENDABAD) was carried out by Simpal J. Chaudari (217090592001), Vijay
V. Prajapati (217090592003), Bhargavkumar J. Solanki (217090592007) and
Nilesh A. Tiwari (217090592012) of D.L PATEL INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY, HIMATNAGAR (Code: 709).
The report is approved / not approved. Comments ofExternalExaminer:
This report is for the partial fulfilment ofthe requirement of the award of the degree
ofMaster ofBusiness Administration offered byGujarat Technological University.
(Examiner’s Sign)
Name of Examiner:
Institute Name:
Institute Code:
PLACE: HIMATNAGAR
DATE:
II

8. Digital Receipt

13. PREFACE
It is great opportunity for management students of GTU to get exposure to the paints
industry as a part of Multidisciplinary Action Project (MAP) academic curriculums of
MBA & get wide exposure to the real-world during industry project.
This project report has been prepared in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
subject of the summer internship project report (Sem. III) & in the academic year 2022
for preparing the MAP report. The blend of learning & knowledge acquired during our
report studies the role of dairy industry is presented in this project report.
During our training at Savino Papers LLP, I discovered that waste management is a large
sector that is constantly solving waste paper problems and repurposing it. We also
comprehend the many steps of paper recycling and how to turn garbage into eco-friendly
products. In this study, we noticed that, in addition to paper waste management concerns
and solutions, technology and government action have changed drastically.
The fundamental purpose of this Multidisciplinary Action Project (MAP) is to get an
understanding of modern-day business difficulties and solutions, as well as
environmental concerns.
IV

14. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. Hiteshbhai A.
Patel sir, H.O.D of D.L Patel Institute of Management & Technology,
Himatnagar for the encouragement given to me to complete the project and for
the facilities provided to me throughout the project.
I am thankful to my guide and coordinator Prof. Bhargavi Suthar, for his
valuable guidance and kind cooperation right from the beginning of the project
report. I am thankful very much for her kind & constant encouragement and
guidance shown during the course of my project.
I express my gratitude to Mr. Manojkumar Dhirubhai Patel & Mr. Pritesh
Manilal Patel (Owner of Savino Papers LLP, Ahmedabad), for their
continuous support and encouragement throughout my project work.
Last but not the least, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the all workers
and employees of Savino Papers LLP.
V

15. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This publication explores an educational institute's waste paper management (WPM) and
educates individuals about the necessity of waste paper management and recycling waste
papers using a multidimensional method. The study evaluated two multi-year programmes,
taking into account all recycling settings that were suitable for an educational situation. To
achieve that goal, assistance with waste paper collection, ultimate disposal, and
transportation environmental and financial impact assessments are necessary. The results
indicate that doping some foreign components in the cellulose of waste papers improves the
quality of handmade papers.
Wheat flour is blended with waste paper cellulose in this document. A photometric test is
used to analyse handmade paper. It has been discovered that at certain percentages of flour
doping in waste paper pulp, the reflection qualities of the paper are boosted and the surface
of the paper becomes smooth and firm. The sheets exhibit absorption characteristics at
various doping percentages. Traditional papers are created in paper mills, which are one of
the largest causes of pollution in the air, water, and land. Handmade papers are generated by
recycling waste papers and rags and may become an alternative to all sorts of papers.
Recycling can assist in keeping the city clean. Paper is made from wood pulp, which is
obtained by harvesting trees from the forest. Recycling waste paper is one option to safeguard
the environment from deforestation and soil erosion, which can lead to disasters such as the
2013 kedarnath tragedy and pose a huge threat to the atmosphere. Paper recycling may also
be a new source of employment and a hot area for startups, as we have lately seen many
different businesses in the field of recycling, such as e-waste recycling, plastics recycling,
and so on.
Keywords: Recycling of waste papers, paper cellulose, rags, handmade papers and flour.
VI

16. INDEX
Sr. No. Particular Page. No.
PREFACE I
ACKNOWLEGMENT II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 3
Why India is a world leader in waste paper production? 5
Waste Paper Collection mechanism in India 8
Chapter 3 COMPANY OVERVIEW 13
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Savino Papers LLP Service Model 15
Chapter 5 METHODOLOGY
Data Collection 17
Objective of the Study 18
Scope of the Study 19
Chapter 6 DIAGNOSIS PHASE
Major Problems Faced by Savino Papers LLP 20
Futuristic Approach for Collection of Waste Paper 23
Chapter 7 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Alterations in Process of Recycling 25
Benefits of Alterations in recycling in paper 32
Government Policies 33
CONCLUSION 34
RECOMMENDATIONS 35
REFERENCES 36

17. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
Cellulosic fibre derived from plants is used to make paper. After consumption it often makes
its way to trash bins and thus comes to be termed as "waste paper". When waste paper is
recovered, it becomes reclaimed cellulose fibre foundation appropriate for paper production.
Today, "recycled fibre" refers to post-consumer paper that has been recovered and repurposed
to produce paper. The use of recycled fibre in paper manufacturing is increasing all throughout
the world, including India.
As raw resources, the Indian paper industry employs wood, agricultural leftovers, and waste
paper. In the early 1970s, waste paper was utilised as a raw material in just 7% of cases, but it
is currently the primary raw material source for the paper industry, accounting for 47% of total
output (Table 1).
Year
% Share
Wood Agro residue Waste Paper
1970 84 9 7
2000 39 31 30
2011 31 22 47
Currently, around 550 mills in India employ waste paper as the principal fibre source for the
manufacturing of paper, paperboard, and newsprint. This waste paper is sourced both locally
and through imports.
The existing recovery and usage of waste paper by paper mills in India is 3.0 million tonnes
yearly, which amounts to a recovery of 27% of the total paper and paperboard consumed. This
recovery rate is quite low when compared to industrialised nations such as Germany (73%),
Sweden (69%), Japan (60%), Western Europe (56%), the United States (49%), and Italy (45%).
1. Due to low supply of indigenous waste paper, Indian mills rely significantly on imported
waste paper to satisfy the raw material need. The import bill has risen dramatically over the
years. According to estimates, waste paper imports have surged from 5.1 million USD in 1980
to one billion USD in 2011. India imports around 4.0 million tonnes of waste paper each year,
accounting for approximately 57% of its demand.

18. 2
To begin with, removing post-consumer paper from the waste cycle would significantly lessen
the environmental strain on the eco-system. It translates into lesser requirements of land for
dumping (it is estimated that as much as 5 million tonnes of waste paper ends up in landfills
today), lowering of formation of greenhouse gases (methane) upon decomposition of cellulose
and corresponding lowering of the requirement of wood-based fibre resources for
papermaking. Furthermore, the utilisation of recycled fibre in the process reduces air pollutants
and energy consumption, lowering the paper industry's carbon footprint still again.
Second, the import expense for waste paper will be reduced as a result of this. With demand
for paper and paperboard increasing at a 7.8% annual rate, the sector is forecast to satisfy an
annual requirement of 24 million tonnes by 2025, a significant increase from the present level
of more than 11.1 million tonnes. To fulfil rising demand, the Indian paper industry is expected
to require more than 16 million tonnes of waste paper by 2025. If the sector is forced to rely
on imports to satisfy the waste paper need, the foreign exchange outlay might reach 6.4 billion
USD.
Last but not least, the act of collecting post-consumer waste provides a potential for revenue
and job creation. It is estimated that around 31.2% of India's population lives in urban regions
spread throughout numerous towns and cities, covering a total population of approximately
377 million or approximately 94 million homes.

19. 3
2. INDUSRTY OVERVIEW
Ineffective solid waste management is a major issue in India, particularly in metropolitan areas.
As urbanization grows, so do the difficulties of solid waste management in megacities. In 2013,
the population was 1252 million, up from 1028 million in 2001. Cities are home to around one-
third of the world's population. By 2050, it is predicted that about half of India's population
would be living in cities, with trash creation increasing at a rate of 5% each year. Waste
generation is expected to be about 101 million metric tonnes (MMT), 164 MMT, and 436 MMT
per year by 2021, 2031, and 2050, respectively.
The increase in solid waste creation is mostly due to population expansion, economic
development, and changing lifestyles. Hazardous municipal solid waste is frequently collected,
transported, and discarded without treatment or processing. As a result, a significant volume of
garbage stays unattended at collection sites, roadsides, and riverbanks, with many small and
large size industrial units disposing of their waste mostly in open spaces and near water sources,
resulting in environmental contamination and public health problems.
As a result, despite tremendous socioeconomic progress, India's solid hazardous waste
management systems have remained essentially stable and ineffective. Despite being part of
the country's policy structure, the three Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) are rarely employed.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF & CC) has adopted various pieces of
legislation to address some of these challenges.
Compliance, however, is uneven and restricted. As a result, solutions for efficiently handling
hazardous waste are urgently needed. However, treatment and disposal facilities are insufficient
to handle the massive amount of hazardous waste. The increasing need for waste storage,
transportation, treatment, and disposal has resulted in an urgent need for environmental rules
and standards to safeguard public safety. The current legislation and standards are insufficient
to control and manage hazardous waste (HW), resulting in serious environmental issues.
However, with an integrated and coordinated effort from the government, the private sector in
general, and the community in particular, the issues and challenges of HW management in
India may be solved. The present HW management system has been reviewed in length in this
article, with an emphasis on policy concerns, difficulties and challenges, and future initiatives
for HWM system improvement. The country also declared plans to build an environmental
infrastructure to exhibit more resource-conscious management practices through the use of
innovative technology.

20. 4
Everyone is familiar with Mr. Narendra Modi's political thinking as the Chief Minister of
Gujarat, India. On September 1st, during the Federation of Paper Traders' Association of India
(FPTA) AGM, he spoke to hundreds of individuals from the paper sector on the importance of
R&D in paper manufacture, issues for the paper industry, and so on.
He began his inauguration speech with the proud declaration, "it is heartening to know that
Gujarat contributes 35% of total paper output in India, therefore why not increase it further
since the state gives a favorable climate for enterprises to thrive." Normally, paper mills must
generate their own electricity to combat power outages, but because Gujarat is a power surplus
state, you have great potential to develop and expand your base here.
Another area that we need to improve is R&D. Companies all around the world do R&D in
several areas such as raw materials, methods, product development, and so on. As a population,
India has the largest market for paper consumption, yet our per capita consumption is very low
in comparison to other nations due to cultural differences.
Challenges are inherent in any endeavour, but it is terrible that despite having a population of
over 100 million people and a massive amount of garbage, we must import waste paper from
elsewhere. Only policy paralysis in this country's garbage collecting system, in my opinion.
There is an urgent need to address this issue in order to build the required infrastructure for the
collecting system, such as segregation stations, transportation, and so on.
This will also provide them with job prospects. Environmental concerns are growing, making
it difficult for enterprises to comply with rules. As a result, new options, particularly for raw-
material supply, must be explored in the future. Some good research on the fibre side has been
done at Gujarat University, such as extracting fibre from bananas and making paper. Similarly,
we should include both national and international institutions in innovative research. The
majority of the issues experienced by the sector are attributable to the use of outdated
technologies.
Water scarcity is another issue that must be addressed in order to reduce water consumption
and recycle it further. It is quite regrettable for us that after 60 years of independence, currency
note paper is being imported from outside.

21. 5
WHY INDIA IS A WORLD LEADER IN WASTE PAPER PRODUCTION?
Since China, previously the world's leading destination for paper recycling, imposed new
limitations on waste paper imports at the start of last year, a considerable percentage of it has
been transferred to India to be reprocessed.
The facility, located in an industrial complex in the city of Vapi, is one of the largest in India,
and the scope of the operation is impressive.
Workers tear apart large bales of waste paper with bulldozers, while teams of women in vividly
coloured saris sort the paper into distinct sorts.
The reason for the revival in paper reprocessing is that China, which formerly received more
than half of the world's recyclable scrap paper, metal, and plastic, has placed new trash import
limits. Authorities stated that they were acting to safeguard public health and the environment.
The decision, made on January 1, 2018, has left Western countries racing to find a new
destination for their recyclable rubbish.
According to the Confederation of European Paper Industries, waste paper shipments from the
European Union to India increased by 200% in the first half of last year. According to the
International Scrap Recycling Institute, exports from the United States increased by more than
100% between January and October of last year compared to the same period in 2017. (ISRI).

22. 6
"We are now utilising larger ships to export [to India] because the amounts of recyclable paper
going out have dramatically increased," says Ranjit Baxi, chairman of J and H Sales, a
prominent UK recycling business.
"We believe India will continue to expand as a market for us."
It's a win-win situation for Indian firms.
"India is a country with a scarcity of raw materials," Mr Bansal argues. "We don't have many
trees or jungles to convert into pulp. We rely heavily on waste paper, and the Western world
can meet that need."
Much of the paper produced in India is used to produce books and schoolbooks for the country's
rapidly rising population, as well as cardboard boxes and other forms of packaging for the
country's booming industrial sector.
However, a large portion is used as newspaper.
India is well-known for its high-tech sector, but it is also a country with a thriving print media
business. According to India's Audit Bureau Circulation, annual newspaper and magazine sales
have increased from 40 million in 2006 to approximately 63 million in 2016.
The inflow of waste paper imports from outside has aided a sector in India that was in serious
decline until last year due to the unavailability and high cost of waste paper to recycle.

23. 7
"In previous years, more than one-quarter of paper mills were forced to close due to high waste
paper pricing," explains entrepreneur Aman Sethi. "With the increase in imports, prices have
come down, and they are reopening." That creates new employment for the local economy, not
just in the recycling plants, but also at the ports and in the transportation firms that deliver the
paper to and from the plants.

24. 8
WASTE PAPER COLLECTION MECHANISM IN INDIA
In India, there are 750 pulp and paper mills manufacturing a wide range of paper, including
writing and printing paper, packaging paper, coated paper, and speciality grade paper.
Currently, the country produces 10.11 million tonnes of paper, paperboard, and newsprint
against an installed capacity of 12.70 million tonnes. Forest-based raw materials contribute
approximately 3.1 million tonnes of paper and paperboard (P&B), 2.2 million tonnes from
agro-based raw materials, and approximately 4.72 million tonnes from recycled fiber/waste
paper (RCF/WP), with RCF/WP accounting for approximately 47 percent of total paperboard
and newsprint production. The country's yearly use of paper, paperboard, and newsprint is
around 11.15 million tonnes (2012 Statistics).
Future Prospects
With demand for paper and paperboard increasing at a 7.8 percent annual pace, the sector is
forecast to satisfy an annual requirement of 22.0 million tonnes of paper and paperboard by
2025, a significant increase from the present level of around 10.11 million tonnes. At this pace
of expansion, the RCF/WP-based industry's proportion of overall P&B output would rise from
47% to 53% by 2025, accounting for an average production of roughly 11.7 million tonnes. As
a result, an extra RCF/WP demand of 9.3 million tonnes would be required as a raw material.
RCF/WP Raw Material Availability
The need for RCF/WP as a raw material is met both domestically and through imports. Because
of the poor recovery rate of roughly 27%, Indian mills rely significantly on imported waste
paper to satisfy their raw material needs. The import bill has skyrocketed, rising from $5.1
million in 1980 to $1 billion in 2011. In 2011, India imported around 4.0 million tonnes of
waste paper from foreign nations.
Environmental and Economic Benefits of Increased RCF/WP Collection
It is critical to put in place a suitable mechanism for increased collection of post-consumer
paper for recycling, as designing such a mechanism will result in several benefits such as
lowering the import bill for waste paper, reducing the environmental load on the eco system by
lowering the formation of greenhouse gases during decomposition, and creating opportunities
for income and employment. According to estimates, every 1% improvement in waste paper
recovery results in:

25. 9
Savings of:
 0.2 million tons of raw material
 0.16 million tons of coal,
 2750 megawatt of power,
 7.7 million m3 of water
Reduction in:
 0.02 million tons of GHG emission
 Import bill by $25 million
Employment-generation opportunity of 7,000 additional manpower
Current Mechanism for Collection of Post-Consumer Paper in India
Collection Performed by Informal Sector:
The collecting process in India is summarized in Table 1. The informal sector - a group
comprised of rag pickers and door-to-door collectors/vendors in the outset - is primarily
responsible for collecting Post Consumer (PC) paper. Big dealers dominate and administer the
informal sector. The informal sector is responsible for up to 95% of waste paper collecting in
the country.
Large merchants finance the whole value chain. The value chain consists of direct collectors
from various source points, small shops where primary sorting of waste into different categories

26. 10
is done, and zonal segregation Centre’s owned by semi wholesalers, where the material is
collected from small shops and baled and stored separately for dispatch to end users.
Based on a life cycle study, Table 2 summarizes the recovery potential of various grades of
paper. It suggests that practically every type of paper has a high potential for PC paper recovery.
Despite the fact that this mechanism employs a big staff, there are certain murky areas that are
highlighted below:
- Inadequate collection mechanisms for copier and cream woven paper from offices, as
well as packing paper from residences.
- Making use of newspaper for packing and wrapping.

27. 11
- Municipalities have no role in the current waste management network.
- A lack of a big warehouse for waste paper storage, sorting, and bailing.
- Lack of integration of the informal sector with the major waste paper supply chain to
the paper industry.
Initiatives Taken by Paper Mills and Other Agencies in India for Waste Paper Collection
With increased environmental consciousness, NGOs such as GREENOBIN, New Delhi;
DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES, New Delhi; WASTE to WEALTH, New Delhi; and
paper mills such as ITC-PSPD and HNL have joined the sector by developing collecting and
recycling programmers.
Existing Legal Framework for Solid Waste Management in India and its Deficiencies
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a state duty in India; nevertheless, the Central Government
has the authority to establish laws and set standards for environmental protection. As a result,
the Government of India framed uniform rules, the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules 2000, in accordance with the Environment Protection Act 1986 (EPA), and
made it mandatory for all municipal authorities in the country to implement those rules within
the time frame specified. Table 3 depicts the institutions and functions of SWM.

28. 12
However, the expert committee established by the Supreme Court of India noted the following
shortcomings in the SWM:
 No waste storage at the source
 Partial segregation of recyclable trash
 No main garbage collection system at the door
 Inadequate street sweeping
 Inadequate secondary waste storage system
 Inadequate garbage transfer in open vehicles
 No waste treatment
 Inadequate waste disposal at open dumping areas

29. 13
3. COMPANY OVERVIEW
Savino Papers LLP is a Limited Liability Partnership that was formed on August 12, 2016. The
company's production unit is located in Prantij, Sabarkantha. Its entire contribution obligation
is Rs. 60,000,000. Manoj Kumar Dhirubhai Patel and Pritesh Manilal Patel are the designated
partners of Savino Papers LLP.
The LLP Identification Number for Savino Papers Llp is (LLPIN)AAH-1474.
Savinopapers@gmail.com is its email address, and its registered address is B-101, VISHWASH
PLATINUM 1, VAIBHAVI (SOLA) CO.OP. HOUSING SOC. LTD, SCIENCE CITY ROAD,
SOLA, DAKROILAHMEDABAD Gujarat 380061.
The environmental impact of industrialized paper production is felt both upstream (where raw
materials are obtained and processed) and downstream (waste-disposal impacts). Paper
recycling helps to mitigate this impact. Savino Papers' "GO GREEN" programme is a
significant advance in the paper manufacturing sector, and Savino Papers is happy to have
presented it. Savino Papers has revolutionized the paper business by using recycled waste paper
as the feed material, earning a reputation as an environmentally responsible firm that strongly
believes in and practices safeguarding and preserving our planet's earthy splendor. The current
trend in the paper sector has proven beyond doubt that it is critical to balance customer
requirements while keeping environmental considerations in mind.
Savino Papers uses waste paper as a raw source to make high-quality paper goods. We ensure
the continuous availability of high-quality raw materials, as well as bulk imports of waste paper
to supplement raw material availability; adequate modernization of manufacturing assets; well-
equipped infrastructure with cutting-edge technologies; and well-defined processes for
conducting regular quality checks.

30. 14
Savino Papers manufactures only environmentally friendly goods that meet worldwide paper
production industry requirements. Every Savino Papers employee understands how critical it
is to protect our world from the consequences of global warming and deforestation and to create
a clean, green, eco-friendly environment in which we may live a long and healthy life.
In order to address these issues, Savino Papers assures that environmental protection and waste
minimization are the responsibility of all employees, and for those who work for and on behalf
of the firm, this component will be an intrinsic part of their working life. The company fulfils
its responsibility by adhering to all applicable Environmental Legislation and regulatory
Standards, as well as additional environmental requirements to which the Company subscribes.
The avoidance of pollution is given priority, and adequate mechanisms for the removal of waste
and emissions that emerge from the manufacturing process used to create paper have been
implemented.
Resources Saved Per Ton of Paper Recycled.
 17 trees,
 275 pounds of sulphur,
 350 lbs of limestone,
 9,000 lbs of steam,
 60,000 gallons of water,
 225 kilowatt hours &
 3.3 cubic yards of landfill space.
Today, as always, Savino Papers focuses on the Four R of Environmental Stewardship:
 Recycle,
 Reuse,
 Reduce
 Respect for our resources and our earth.
To end this, the Savino Papers manufacturing process and our end products are dedicated to:
 Saving trees
 Saving landfill space
 Saving water consumption

31. 15
 Saving energy
4. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
SAVINO PAPERS LLP SERVICE MODEL
The service model that we provide to our clients distinguishes Savino Papers LLP in the waste
management business worldwide. Savino Papers LLP does not collect any fees or service
charges directly or indirectly from its clients under this service model.
Savino Papers LLP gathers waste paper from its clients and recycles it for our green initiators
as part of its business strategy. Following that, we make daily-use stationery goods out of
recycled paper, such as note pads, conference pads, Wiro note books, diary paper, paper pens,
paper pencils, and so on, which we supply free of charge in exchange for the waste paper that
our clients recycled via us. In addition to recycling 100 kg of waste paper, we are planting a
tree for our customer as part of their "Green Initiative."
On the one hand, Savino Papers LLP provides the finest waste paper solution; on the other
hand, we have a direct influence on the environment by planting and protecting trees.

32. 16
There are seven major reasons for adopting Savino Papers LLP’s Waste Paper Recycling
initiative:
- Waste Paper Recycling Helps the Environment.
- Recycling paper is economically responsible.
- Reduce Stationery Cost
- Paper Recycling Reduces Waste and Improves Efficiency
- Paper Recycling build a Clean Green Brand Image.
- Best project under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or Environment
Policies.
- Recycling Paper Produces Livelihood.
Major 3 Benefits for corporate by adopting this Service Model for Paper Recycling
1) Reducing Stationery Cost by 20% to 25%.
2) We encourage our clients to contribute for environment by Planting Trees.
3) Help organizations who are seriously involved in “Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR)” activities.
As a result, Savino Papers LLP's waste Paper recycling project and recycled stationery items
are already a component of many firms' environmental policies or Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) policies, as they may assist decrease the company's carbon emissions.

33. 17
5. METHODOLOGY
Waste paper collecting is a thriving sector in and of itself. Many top paper producers in India
undertake waste paper collection programmes based on the 'Wealth Out of Waste' (WOW)
Model. The following steps will be taken to convert paper waste into recycled usable products:
I. Identifying potential paper trash collecting places or venues.
II. Collection and sorting of recyclable paper trash.
III. Recycling paper waste and transforming it into valuable items.
IV. Product listing on the e-Commerce website.
V. Using earnings to fund various environmental initiatives.
DATA COLLECTIION
I. Observation:
Simple, participative observations were carried out. Simple and participative
observations were taken in the waste paper sector of the Savino Paper LLP production
premises on waste paper sorting (Plate 1) and baling (Plate 2). Because the vacation
attachment during data collecting was for one month at Savino Paper LLP, all phases
and procedures of paper recycling were extensively watched and recorded in a
notebook. The test and control sites were selected using the convenience sampling
approach. Data was gathered using a pre-test/post-test control group approach.
II. Interview:
Unscheduled-unstructured interviews (APPENDIX I) were conducted to learn more
about paper remanufacturing. Questions were posed to staff in charge of specific phases
of paper recycling, and responses were supplied and documented in a notebook. Where
the information was insufficient, more questions were asked for clarification. Materials
(inputs) utilised in recycling and the outputs received from interviews were documented
in a notebook to meet the second purpose. A structured-scheduled interview with an
authoritative corporate representative also accomplished the third aim.
III. New Articles and Internet:
The articles on paper waste management and recycling, which is a global problem
owing to the growth in waste paper. and innovative technologies are involved in the
waste paper recycling process. Paper waste management is a wide issue to which
various countries offer their unique remedies to this global challenge.

34. 18
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of study,
To comprehend current approach of waste management of savino paper llp, ahemdabad.
- To determine the sources of waste paper utilised by Savino Papers LLP in the
production of reusable Paper, as well as the temporal change in the volume of paper at
these sources;
- To learn more about the processes and procedures used in paper recycling at Savino
Papers LLP;
- To determine whether firms and organisations that create waste paper are willing to
participate in paper recycling by giving waste paper to Savino Papers LLP.

35. 19
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the Waste Paper Recycling Market Report includes -
 Type: Corrugated Cardboard, Newspapers, Magazines, White Office Paper, and Mixed
Paper;
 Application: Wrapping Paper, Printing and Writing Paper, and Others.

36. 20
6. DIAGNOSIS PHASE
MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY SAVINO PAPERS LLP
1) INADEQUATE TRAINING/MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEES
This is a common problem. Most recycling operations are harmed at some point by poorly
trained, unmotivated workers. The truth is that many of these workers have never been
effectively managed and are unaware of the expectations or even the fundamentals of their
profession. As a result, a respected labour team supplier should always explicitly clarify job
requirements before managing personnel. Employees will be pleased since it is what they truly
desire in order to accomplish a good job and maintain their employment.
2) EMPLOYEE RETAINING
You know the feeling: you arrive at work wondering how many colleagues will be absent that
day and how this would affect your productivity. You always feel like you're playing "catch-
up." To keep good people, go back to step one: train and manage personnel correctly from the
start. They, too, require hope, which is why it is advantageous for you to promote from inside.
3) EXTREME DOWNTIME
This will undoubtedly reduce your productivity—and staff morale. As a result, each employee
should be held accountable for their time. When the machinery is initially switched on, they
should be ready to work, not merely punching their timecard. Simple procedural adjustments,
such as reducing prolonged phone conversations, protracted lunch breaks, and unexplained
absences, can reclaim hours of previously lost productive time.
4) OVERCOMING LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL DIFFICULTIES
The reality of today's globe is many cultures speaking numerous languages. Smart workforce
providers aggressively recruit employees from all around the world. They may require
operations managers who are fluent in their native language. This extra effort, however,
eventually pays off with hardworking staff.

37. 21
5) HIRING EMPLOYEES IN LOW-UNEMPLOYMENT AREAS
With the national unemployment rate now hovering around 5%, it's a great challenge to fill all
of your open positions. Labour team leaders frequently perform the majority of their hiring on-
site, rather than at a storefront. Prospects may view the arrangement first-hand and decide if
it's suited for them. Another clever idea is to create backup pools to fill open positions as soon
as they become available.
6) INADEQUATE INDUSTRY EXPERTISE
Nothing equals first-hand waste/recycling sector knowledge. It all starts with the equipment.
Operations managers must understand how machines function and how to keep them going.
Sometimes a simple remedy is all that is required. People skills are also essential. A successful
operations manager must command the respect of the workforce and effectively deal with
employees facing personal and professional issues.
7) INADEQUATE OR NON-EXISTENT PROCESSES
This is yet another significant industrial concern. Your operation will underperform if you do
not implement consistent processes. Look for workforce suppliers who provide process-driven
knowledge that streamlines each employee's recruiting, onboarding, training, development, and
performance evaluation. This allows you to concentrate on the "big picture" challenges that
will propel your achievement.
8) ADEQUATE EMPLOYEE PLACEMENT
It may appear easy, but simply putting people at the proper point on the line may make a
significant impact in your production. A seasoned manager will pay attention to the speed of
the conveyer belt, the quality of the recyclables, and the number of workers available. There
are several variables to consider, and operations managers with waste/recycling sector expertise
are most positioned to enhance staff performance.

38. 22
9) OVERCOMING LOW-QUALITY RECYCLABLES
The quality of recyclables is heavily influenced by geography. Seattle and the rest of the Pacific
Northwest, for example, are environmentally sensitive, and the quality of their recyclable
materials is typically extremely good. Quality varies widely around the nation. Everything,
including the kitchen sink, is going down the line these days. Some of these things (particularly
garden hoses) can become tangled around machinery and cause serious harm. Having
competent onsite operations managers and well-trained personnel can assist you in maintaining
production even when recyclable quality is low.
10) IMPROVING SAFETY PERFORMANCE
The waste/recycling business has considerable safety problems. Chemical exposure,
flammable dust explosions, machine guarding risks, and exposure to strong machinery with
moving components are all examples. Industry leaders always take a proactive approach to
safety, beginning with a thorough safety compliance assessment at each facility and continuing
with comprehensive safety training for all personnel to raise safety standards to where they
need to be.

39. 23
FUTURISTIC APPROACH FOR COLLECTION OF WASTE PAPER
(i) Explore the possibility of imposing legislation for collection of waste
paper: Enforcement of Direction or Recycling Legislation may be a difficult option for a
country like India; however, formulation of a policy on management of waste paper similar in
line with e-waste (management and handling) Rules 2011 by MoEF could be taken into
consideration.
(ii) Setting up of Public Private Partnership model – an option to improve waste paper
collection in India: Solid waste management is mandatory for all municipal authorities in the
country. A significant amount of budget is allocated for this purpose, yet the service is very
poorly performed, with treatment and disposal getting the least attention. One option is to
involve the private sector more extensively in providing services, with the municipal authority
moving from being a service provider to being a regulator and service facilitator. Experience
gained in many countries shows that involving the private sector in certain circumstances can
significantly improve solid waste management service quality. Thus, participation of the
private sector in collection of waste paper should be considered in India as well.
(iii) Allocation of land on lease basis for development of sorting centres/warehouse for
sorting, baling and storage of waste paper: An informal sector already exists in India with a
community of rag pickers or kabadiwalas, which is administered by sub-suppliers and big
waste paper traders.
This mechanism can be effectively used by providing land to waste paper traders on lease
through tendering process to develop large warehouses for storing the collected RCP and which
could then be baled and supplied directly to the mills. Municipal funding or loans could be
used to subsidise the capital expanse of the sorting facility and equipment
(iv) Develop a national paper-recycling programme: Develop a national recycling
programme introducing Corporate Social Responsibility and voluntary participation of public
at large. These agencies will be responsible for conducting awareness programmes to sensitise
societies and help in effective collection of paper from different sources, such as long-term
contract with big publishing houses to collect printers off cuttings and over-issues of newspaper
and magazines and channelling to recycled units.

40. 24
Involve Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) for household collection of paper, particularly
newsprint and packaging waste. Participating in the national recycling programme could be
made a prerequisite for winning government contracts.
(v) Improve collection of waste paper from offices: Pilot collection programme may be
introduced in offices mandating use of shredder for collection of confidential paper. A separate
office collection system needs to be introduced to collect sorted office waste from the
individual’s desk. There are NGOs that have developed such mechanisms for collection of
segregated paper waste from offices.
(vi) Collection mechanism for rural (village) area: Gram Panchayats may be asked to train
and create awareness among the villagers of waste paper collection. The villagers may sell their
waste paper to these panchayats. Awareness programme should be planned to educate rural
area people, and existing paper mills in the nearby area should take initiative in such
programmes.
(vii) Collection mechanism for schools: educational boards may be included to introduce
educational programmes on the 3Rs Concept, i.e., Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Schools should
make deposition of the previous class notebooks compulsory for school authorities for onward
recycling. An incentive in the form of grades or marks, new notebooks or a certificate of
appreciation may be given to students for the same.
(viii) Improve collection mechanism for household: Currently, old newspapers, magazines,
books and other household waste is collected by kabadiwalas, but they also do not have proper
sorting and bailing facilities, which could be improved by providing them with proper training
and financial assistance by way of providing them subsidies to purchase vehicles with green
logos. This will help in collecting household waste and supplying it to waste collectors, where
it can be properly sorted and bailed.

41. 25
7. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
ALTERATIONS IN PROCESS OF RECYCLING
A recycled paper or board manufacturer's purpose is to provide a product that fits the
specifications and criteria of their clients. Using recycled fibres in commodity grades such as
newspaper and packaging paper and board has not resulted in obvious decrease in product
quality and performance at the current usage rate (abalová et al. 2009). The predicted
improvement in used paper product recovery rates would need a significant increase in the use
of recycled fibres in higher quality grades such as office paper and magazine paper.
Understanding the underlying nature of recycled fibres and their distinctions from virgin fibres
is required to support increased usage of recovered paper.
Recycled fibres are essentially tainted, used fibres. The quality of recycled pulp is therefore
directly determined by the history of the fibres, i.e., the sources, processes, and treatments that
these fibres have through.
McKinney (1995) classified the history into five periods:
i. fibre furnish and pulp history
ii. paper making process history
iii. printing and converting history
iv. consumer and collection history
v. recycling process history.
Many laboratory investigations have been conducted to identify variations in fibre
characteristics. Realistically, repeating all phases of the recycling cycle is tough, especially
when printing and deinking are included. Investigations employing various recycling
operations, testing methods, and supplies can provide some insight into changes in fibre
structure, cell wall characteristics, and bonding ability.
Because mechanical pulp differs chemically and physically from chemical pulp, the recycling
effect on those materials differs as well. When chemical fibres are repeatedly dried and
rewetted, they get hornified and lose a large portion of their original high bonding potential
(Somwand et al. 2002; Song & Law 2010; Kato & Cameron 1999; Bouchard & Douek 1994;
Khantayanuwong et al. 2002; Zanuttini et al. 2007; da Silva et al. 2007). Water retention value
(WRW) can be used to determine the degree of hornification (Kim et al. 2000). Unlike chemical
pulps, initially weaker mechanical pulps do not decay and may even enhance bonding

42. 26
capability following a comparable treatment. Several investigations (Maloney et al. 1998;
Weise 1998; Ackerman et al. 2000) have demonstrated that mechanical fibres are recyclable.
Adámková and Milichovsk (2002) show how beating degree (SR - Schopper-Riegler degree)
and WRV are affected by the relative length of hardwood and softwood pulps. According to
their findings, the WRV rise in dependency on pulp length change is faster at hardwood pulp,
although this value is ultimately greater at softwood pulps. Kim et al. (2000) determined the
WRV reduction at softwood pulps with increasing recycling (at zero recycling, about 1.5 g/g;
at fifth recycling, approximately 1.1 g/g). The use of secondary fibres in paper manufacture
reduces the initial demand for woody raw material (less chopping trees), yet the paper quality
does not suffer much.
Paper Recycling
The basic raw element for paper manufacture is pulp fibres, which are obtained by a complex
chemical process from natural sources, mostly wood. This fibre production is quite energy
intensive, and various chemical substances are employed throughout the manufacturing
process, which is particularly troublesome in terms of environmental protection. Obtaining
pulp fibres from already manufactured paper is a viable solution. This procedure uses
significantly less energy and chemicals.
Paper recycling, in its most basic form, refers to the repeated defibring, grinding, and drying
of secondary stock when the mechanical properties of the secondary stock, the chemical
properties of fibres, the polymerisation degree of pulp polysaccharidic components, primarily
cellulose, their supramolecular structure, the morphological structure of fibres, and the range
and level of interfibres bonds, for example, are altered. The reason of the aforementioned
changes is the ageing of the fibres during the paper recycling and manufacturing processes,
particularly the drying phase.
When using secondary fibres again, it is necessary to consider how the paper qualities change
owing to fibre breakdown during recycling, as many changes are permanent. The degree of
modification is determined by the number of cycles and the direction in which the fibres are
used. The fundamental issue is that secondary pulp mechanical qualities, particularly paper
strength, are deteriorating as recycling continues. This drop is the result of several changes that
can, but do not have to, occur in secondary pulp throughout the recycling process. The recycling
process promotes hornification of the cell walls, which reduces the characteristics of certain
pulp. It is due to permanent changes in the cell structure after drying.

43. 27
The influence of energy utilisation in manufacturing is a critical concern in paper recycling.
Processing waste paper for paper and board production necessitates the use of energy, which is
often produced from fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Unlike the creation of virgin fiber-based
chemical pulp, waste paper processing does not provide a thermal surplus, hence thermal
energy must be supplied to dry the paper web. However, if waste paper was recovered for
energy purposes, the requirement for fossil fuels would be minimised, which would benefit the
carbondioxide balance and the greenhouse effect.
Furthermore, pulp manufacture from virgin fibres necessitates the use of round wood, which
emits air-polluting substances, as does waste paper collecting. An interactive model, the
Optimal Fibre Flow Model, was designed to improve paper use by taking into account both a
quality (age) and an environmental measure of waste paper recycling.
Influence of beating on pulp fibres
Beating chemical pulp is an important step in strengthening fibre bonding ability. Complete
knowledge of beating increases the current understanding of how fibres change during beating.
The main and secondary effects of the pounding device on pulps were identified. These are the
key influences; each of them may be improved by using the appropriate beating method, but
only one change can be made. Internal fibrilation, exterior fibrilation, fibre shortening or
cutting, and fines production are examples of simultaneous changes in fibres (Page 1989; Kang
& Paulapuro 2006a; Kang & Paulapuro 2006c).
- Internal fibrilation and delamination are caused by the freeing and disintegration of a
cell wall as a result of strong swelling. The delamination is a coaxial cleft in the
secondary wall's middle layer. It results in enhanced water penetration through the cell
wall and fibre plasticization.
- External fibrillation and fibrils peeling off the surface, which specifically or completely
damages the main and secondary walls. There is simultaneous breakage of fibrils,
microfibrils, and nanofibrils from the outer layers to the macromolecules of cellulose
and hemicelluloses.
- Fibres shortening in either direction throughout the fibre in response to loading, most
often in weak spots.
- Concurrently with the major impacts of beating, extraneous effects such as fines
formation, compression along the fibre’s axis, and fibres waving owing to compression

44. 28
occur. It has a limited bonding ability and affects paper porosity and stock freeness
(Sinke&Westenbroek 2004).
The beating shortens the fibres, generates external and internal fibrillation associated with
delamination, and causes the fibres to plasticize. The exterior primary wall of the pulp fibre
sheds minimal water, has an undamaged primary layer, and has a tendency to keep the
secondary layer of the cell wall from expanding. At the start of the beating, the fibre exterior
layers (P and S1) have dissolved, the fibrillar structure of the fibre secondary layer is
revealing, the water approach is improving, swelling is occurring, and the fibrillation
process has begun.
The fibrillation process is completed by the mechanical effect weakening and cleaving the
bonds between the specific fibrils and microfibrils of cell walls and the penetration into the
interfibrillar gaps, indicating the presence of hemicelluloses in the amorphous area.
Drying influence on the recycled fibres
Differences in characteristics between recycled and virgin fibres are to be expected. Many of
these are caused by dryness. Drying is characterised by the largely permanent sealing of tiny
holes in the fibre wall, as well as improved resistance to swelling after rewetting. Additional
distinctions between virgin and recycled fibres can be due to the impact of a variety of
contaminating chemicals (Hubbe et al. 2007).
The anisotropic feature of drying has a significant impact on the qualities of paper made from
secondary fibres. Shear stress is produced in the interfibrilar bonding region during drying. The
mechanical characteristics of drying paper are affected by the tensions formed in the fibres and
between them. The extra effect is caused by the paper machine's tensioning of the wet pulp
stock.
The fibres are destroyed during the drying and recycling processes. It is critical to comprehend
the decrease of bonding strength of drying chemical fibres. Dang (2007) defined destruction as
a percentage drop in the ability of the water retention value (WRV) in pulp during dewatering.
Hornification = [(WRV0-WRV1)/WRV0]. 100 [%],
WRV0 –is value of virgin pup
WRV1 –the value of recycled pulp after drying and resulting.

45. 29
Hornification, according to popular belief, happens in the cell wall matrix of chemical fibres.
Delaminated sections of the fibre wall, i.e., cellulose microfibrils, get connected after drying,
as seen in Fig. 4. (Ackerman et al. 2000).
Figure 4.
Changes in fiber wall structure (Weise &Paulapuro 1996)
Figure 5.
Shrinkage of a fiber cross section (Ackerman et al. 2000)
Hydrogen bonds develop between the lamellae as well. Microfibrils are also reoriented and
better aligned. All of this results in a highly bonded framework. Because certain hydrogen
bonds do not reopen after reslushing in water, the fibre cell wall microstructure stays more
resistant to delaminating pressures. The fibre as a whole is stiffer and more brittle (Howard
1991). According to several research (Bouchard and Douek 1994; Maloney et al. 1998),

46. 30
hornification has no effect on cellulose crystallinity or the degree of order in the hemicelluloses
of the fibre wall.
Figure 6.
According to Scallan's drying model (Laivins&Scallan 1993), hornification prevents the dry
structure in A from entirely spreading to the wet structure in D. Instead, after early drying
produces hydrogen connections between the microfibrils, only partial expansion to B may be
achievable (Kato & Cameron 1999).
Weise and Paulapuro (1996) conducted extensive research on the activities that occur during
fibre drying. They used a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) to study the fibre cross
section of kraft fibres in different substances while also measuring hornification with WRV
tests. The degree of pounding caused irreversible hornification of fibres. It does not
immediately follow shrinkage since fibre shrinkage is highest over 80% solids content. Stage
A in Figs. 4 and 5 exhibited wet kraft fibre prior to drying. At around 30% solids content,
drainage has begun to create morphological changes in the fibre wall matrix in stage B.
Capillary pressures induce the fibre wall lamellae to approach one other. The lumen may
collapse during this time. With more drying, gaps between lamellae continue to decrease until
phase C, when most free holes in the cell wall's lamellar structure have already closed. Water
removal occurs in the fine structure of the fibre wall at the conclusion of drying in stage D.

47. 31
Kraft fibre shrinks strongly and evenly during the final drying step, i.e., at solid contents more
than 75-80%. Stage D shrinking is irreversible.
The cell walls get water again after repeated usage of dry fibres in the papermaking business.
Then, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the opposite processes occur. Figure 6 depicts Scallan's drying
model.
Drying is caused by macroscopic tension applied to paper and dispersed in the fibre system
according to a local structure.

48. 32
BENEFITS OF ALTERATION IN RECYCLING OF PAPER
Recycling is a need of this culture. Paper manufacturing has always been associated with
recycling, since the paper was primarily created from 100% rag furnish. The utilisation of
recycled fibres is becoming more popular on a European and global scale. Recycling is the
foundation of today's European papermaking business.
The presence of secondary fibres from waste paper, as well as their quality and quantity, varies
with time, season, and geographical circumstances. It is determined by the manufacturing
circumstances in the country's paper manufacturing industry.
At the moment, recycling is interpreted in a broader meaning than material recycling, which is
critical in terms of paper recycling. Because recycled fibres do not fully renew their qualities,
they cannot be recycled indefinitely. It enables the use of alternate paper utilisation options in
the building sector, soil reclamation, agriculture, and the power industry.
The most significant goal, however, is to use recycled paper in paper making.

49. 33
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
Based on the foregoing discussions, the following policy options can be examined for
improving the collection and recycling of post-consumer paper in India:
I. The government might develop a waste paper management strategy in accordance with
the Ministry of Environment and Forests' E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules
2011. This policy will establish the rules and processes for manufacturers, collection
facilities, dismantlers, and recyclers. In this situation, the primary waste producers
would be home and commercial users. The collecting centres would be municipal
facilities, preferably through outsourcing to commercial parties. The dismantling
function corresponds to the segregation process, and the recycler is the company that
sells waste paper to the mill.
II. The government may launch a policy at the same time to offer incentives to
municipalities to reach source segregation objectives by making home trash segregation
mandatory and imposing a tax on business users. Alternatively, a charge system for
garbage pickup along the lines of the German model may be considered.
III. The Ministry of Urban Building should adopt guidelines for leasing property for the
development of sorting centres/warehouses for sorting, baling, and storing waste paper.
These sorting facilities / warehouses might be built through the PPP route using a
bidding procedure, so that collected, sorted, and baled waste paper is sent directly to
recycling units. Such facilities might act as a bridge to the currently established
informal economy.
IV. Regulations regulating the use of shredders by all offices and the collection of shredded
waste paper through yearly contract agreements may be developed.
V. To promote private sector engagement, industries and chambers of commerce might
establish voluntary guidelines to contribute to waste paper collection operations under
CSR.

50. 34
CONCLUSION
The recycled product or fresh paper is not of the same quality as the original. This is commonly
used in cartoon and corrugated board packaging. Paper can be improved and its applications
expanded with increased technology.
Savino Papers LLP divides waste paper into two categories: mixed garbage and brown waste.
According to the results, Lusaka generates a lot of mixed paper, whereas Gujarat produces a
lot of brown paper. According to the statistical study on the two locations in Chapter 5, Savino
Papers LLP is effective in reducing paper build-up at the test site. The machines are 80%
efficient, which means that the amount of paper gathered at the facility in North Gujarat is
reduced. This is the accumulation of paper over time. A total of 37.5% of those polled still
contribute waste paper, while 62.5% do not, indicating that waste paper is increasing in the
environment.
When all of the economic and environmental implications are considered, the decision to
recycle actually depends on an organization's size and commitment to protecting the globe we
live on. While recycling might be time-consuming and even counter-productive, the savings
alone can justify the fact that you are saving hundreds of trees from unnecessary destruction.
As some of the largest producers of paper trash, large organisations, such as corporations and
government agencies, must recognise that it is no little quantity of paper, especially for them.
Larger institutions, which create hundreds, if not thousands, of tonnes of paper trash each year,
should be aware that their own paper recycling can have a significant environmental impact.
Not only that, but because of the massive volume they create, paper recycling is extremely
cost-effective for them. Finally, whether you are a single individual living alone or the CEO of
a large corporation, the final decision is yours. Whether you chose to recycle because of the
environmental effect or the savings, paper recycling must be a priority in the future years as
costs rise, landfills fill up, and our resource stockpile depletes.

51. 35
RECOMMENDATIONS
Paper should be collected and recycled because it increases the aesthetic value of communities
by lowering the quantity of garbage.
A 'pay-as-you-throw' strategy, in which customers pay a price per bag or per kilogramme for
waste disposal, should be implemented in communities to encourage people to consume less.
Municipalities and private garbage collection companies should encourage persons who create
solid waste to separate bottles, cans, newspapers, cardboards, and other recyclable goods from
other debris. These should be deposited in designated 'banks,' which are then carted straight to
recycling facilities, reducing the pressure on landfills.
Collected used packaging materials should be recycled into new bottles and cans. It may be
washed and reused in a closed-loop system.
Various strategies, such as domestic disposal into separate containers, sorting in a central
facility, and the utilisation of strategically situated bottle, paper, and can banks, should be
employed.
Supermarkets must be required by law to segregate their garbage and give it to Savino Paper
LLP.
Environmental Protection Funds should be included in the government's annual budget.

52. 36
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Paper Recycling Market: Global Industry Analysis 2013 - 2017 and Opportunity Assessment;
2018 - 2028
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