This document discusses key economic concepts including the economic problem, opportunity cost, and production possibility frontiers. It explains that economies have unlimited wants but scarce resources, and must make choices about what and how to produce goods and services and who will consume them. Opportunity cost refers to the next best alternative given up when a choice is made. Production possibility frontiers illustrate the various combinations of goods an economy can produce with its resources, and that movement along the curve demonstrates opportunity cost through trade-offs between different types of goods.
Show the different combinations of goods and services that can be produced with a given amount of resources
No ‘ideal’ point on the curve
Any point inside the curve – suggests resources are not being utilised efficiently
Any point outside the curve – not attainable with the current level of resources
Useful to demonstrate economic growth and opportunity cost
Show the different combinations of goods and services that can be produced with a given amount of resources
No ‘ideal’ point on the curve
Any point inside the curve – suggests resources are not being utilised efficiently
Any point outside the curve – not attainable with the current level of resources
Useful to demonstrate economic growth and opportunity cost
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
2. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
The Economic Problem
• Unlimited Wants
• Scarce Resources
– Land, Labour,
Capital
• Resource Use
• Choices
A wind farm. Copyright: iStock.com
3. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
The Economic Problem
• What goods and services should an
economy produce? – should the emphasis
be on agriculture, manufacturing or services,
should it be on sport and leisure or housing?
• How should goods and services be
produced? – labour intensive, land intensive,
capital intensive? Efficiency?
• Who should get the goods and services
produced? – even distribution? more for the
rich? for those who work hard?
4. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
Opportunity Cost
• Definition – the cost expressed in terms
of the next best alternative sacrificed
• Helps us view the true cost of decision
making
• Implies valuing different choices
5. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
Production Possibility Frontiers
• Show the different combinations of goods and
services that can be produced with a given
amount of resources
• No ‘ideal’ point on the curve
• Any point inside the curve – suggests
resources are not being utilised efficiently
• Any point outside the curve – not attainable
with the current level of resources
• Useful to demonstrate economic growth and
opportunity cost
6. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
Production Possibility
FrontiersCapital Goods
Consumer Goods
Yo
Xo
A
BY1
X1
Assume a country
can produce two
types of goods
with its resources
– capital goods
and consumer
goods
If it devotes all
resources to capital
goods it could
produce a maximum
of Ym.
If it devotes all its
resources to
consumer goods it
could produce a
maximum of Xm
Ym
Xm
If the country is
at point A on the
PPF It can
produce the
combination of Yo
capital goods and
Xo consumer
goods
If it reallocates its
resources (moving round
the PPF from A to B) it can
produce more consumer
goods but only at the
expense of fewer capital
goods. The opportunity
cost of producing an extra
Xo – X1 consumer goods
is Yo – Y1 capital goods.
7. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
Production Possibility
FrontiersCapital Goods
Consumer Goods
Yo
Xo
A
.B
CY1
X1
Production
inside the PPF
– e.g. point B
means the
country is not
using all its
resources
It can only produce at
points outside the PPF
if it finds a way of
expanding its
resources or improves
the productivity of
those resources it
already has. This will
push the PPF further
outwards.
8. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2006 – Biz/ed
Positive and Normative
Economics
• Health care can be
improved with more tax
funding
• Pollution control is
effective through a
system of fines
• Society ought to provide
homes for all
• Any strategy aimed at
reducing factory closures
in deprived areas would
be helpful
• Positive Statements:
– Capable of being
verified or refuted by
resorting to fact or
further investigation
• Normative
Statements:
– Contains a value
judgement which
cannot be verified by
resort to investigation
or research
Editor's Notes
This series of slides will introduce some key concepts to students – the economic problem, opportunity cost and production possibility frontiers.
Discussion can take place here about the key elements of the economic problem – the unlimited wants of humans against the scarce resources that exist to meet those wants. The notion of supply and demand can be introduced here and students can be involved by making a list of all the things they would like to buy if they had unlimited amounts of money! If then asked to trim that list down to meet a budget the more outrageous items disappear. This then introduces the notion of having to make choices – this issue can be discussed further using examples drawn from students own experiences about the choices they have had to make – possibly involving the choice of subjects they have had to make at college or school in relation to the time available, etc! How we use our scarce resources can also be linked into this discussion. The wind turbines highlight an issue raised in the In the News section (http://www.bized.ac.uk/cgi-bin/chron/chron.pl?id=1928) about the intention to build wind farms in areas of the UK and the controversies that it creates – useful to link theory and practice at an early stage.
This is the traditional three key questions any economic system has to answer. Many students would have difficulty defining what an ‘economy’ actually is! It is useful at this stage to clear this up – a system for the production and exchange of goods and services to satisfy the wants and needs of the population. This is open ended enough to be able to incorporate all manner of economic systems from a barter system that still exists in remote parts of the world to sophisticated economic systems such as the UK and US! The questions and the examples raised can be used for discussion – get the students to express their views at this stage and be as controversial as possible to stimulate discussion and involvement!
This is a key concept and one that often causes problems and misunderstanding but is central to students thinking like an economist. The crucial thing to knock out of students is their thinking that everything costs ‘money’. Because we have to make choices there are issues surrounding value judgements about what is important and what is not – it should not be difficult to stimulate discussion about what issues of government spending are important and what are not!
This slide introduces the key features about PPFs. The activity that accompanies this presentation seeks to apply PPFs in a slightly different way – focussing on using health resources. Going through the theory at this stage and then following it up with the activity will be useful in developing early understanding of the issues.
These slides introduce the diagrams and then have animation to show how points on the PPF relate to different resource use and allocation. Moving from point A to point B involves sacrificing some capital goods to gain more consumer goods and thus demonstrates the opportunity cost involved. Students doing history can be reminded about the resource allocation decisions taken by Stalin during the 1930s and the subsequent decisions by successive Soviet premiers since the war about what resources are important for a nation like the USSR! (you might of course have to explain a little bit about what the USSR was!)
The next slide allows the lecturer to demonstrate what happens when resources are not used efficiently and production takes place within the PPF. It then allows the expansion of the PPF and can be used to illustrate the issue of economic growth and where opportunity cost does not exist if the economy moves from point A to point C (in a simple context of course – there is always some form of sacrifice of using resources!).
The final slide introduces positive and normative statements. Definitions are given on the right hand side and then successive statements appear on the left – each of these can be used as a basis of discussion as to whether they are positive or normative statements and why!