Show the different combinations of goods and services that can be produced with a given amount of resources
No ‘ideal’ point on the curve
Any point inside the curve – suggests resources are not being utilised efficiently
Any point outside the curve – not attainable with the current level of resources
Useful to demonstrate economic growth and opportunity cost
Show the different combinations of goods and services that can be produced with a given amount of resources
No ‘ideal’ point on the curve
Any point inside the curve – suggests resources are not being utilised efficiently
Any point outside the curve – not attainable with the current level of resources
Useful to demonstrate economic growth and opportunity cost
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
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What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
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What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
4. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Benefits
• Increases in economic growth should enable
more of everything to be produced
• Increases possibility of providing consumer
goods for all
• More consumer goods, etc. could be equated
with an increase in living standards
• Wealth generated may eventually ‘trickle
down’ to those who are poor by means of
income distribution – taxes and benefits, etc.
5. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Benefits
• Improved standards of living
associated with increase in the
availability of luxury goods:
– TVs
– Fridges and freezers
– Swimming pools, etc .
• In addition:
– Infrastructure – roads, rail,
energy, water, communication
networks
– Health and education provision
• All associated with a ‘decent’
standard of living.
We tend to associate improved living standards with the
availability of consumer goods and essential services.
Copyright: Anne-Marie Labbate,
http://www.sxc.hu/index.phtml
6. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Improvement in Welfare
• Welfare associated with well-being:
• Welfare is improved by the provision of support services
for those not necessarily able to help themselves –
often on the margins of society. Welfare includes:
– Pensions
– Benefits – sickness, disability, etc.
– Support – maternity, holidays,
– Housing
– Infrastructure – homes for the elderly
• Such welfare provision often funded through income
redistribution - taxes
7. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Welfare
• Providing support for
the elderly,
homeless, orphaned
and disadvantaged is
something only
wealthy countries
can afford to any
great extent.
Copyright: Mexikids, http://www.sxc.hu/index.phtml
9. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Costs
• Economic growth can bring with it
costs:
– Not all income distributed equally
– Wealth often in the hands of a few
– ‘Trickle down’ does not always seem
to work in practice
– Corruption may reduce redistribution effects
– Growth funded in part by spending
on weapons which do not benefit
the population as a whole
10. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Costs
• Environmental problems
– Expansion and growth brings
with it the problems of
pollution – often developing
countries do not have the
infrastructure to cope with
the waste generated nor
the legislation or regulation
to influence those
who produce it.
Expansion generates waste products as does increased
consumption – with subsequent costs to society.
Copyright: Marzie, http://www.sxc.hu/index.phtml
11. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Environmental Impact
• Negative Externalities
• Pollution – dumping
of hazardous waste
• Environmental
degradation – over
farming reduces
productivity of the soil,
deforestation, damage
to eco-systems and
reduction in biodiversity
• Non-renewable resources
– finite resources
The destruction of the rain forests in Brazil and elsewhere highlight
the problems of growth in developing countries.
Title: Rain forests in Brazil are cleared and burned by settlers for
farmland. Copyright: Getty Images, available from Education Image
Gallery (http://eig.edina.ac.uk)
12. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Opportunity Cost of Growth
• Resource allocation
– Consumer Goods?
– Capital Goods?
• Necessity of generating growth through
allocating resources to the sources of growth –
capital goods
• Makes population poorer as fewer consumer
goods initially available – often these
consumer goods represent the basic essentials
of life
13. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Opportunity Cost of Growth
Capital Goods
Consumer Goods
C1
C2
K1
K2
Production Possibility Frontier:
Assume initial output levels of C1 consumer
goods and K1 capital goods – where C1
barely represents the essentials of life in a
developing country – clean water, food,
shelter, etc.
Any attempt to increase the basis for wealth
generation – by producing more capital goods
that need to be used for such wealth
generation – will mean a reduction in the
number of consumer goods available (the
opportunity cost). Such a reduction can be
very damaging to a country already suffering
a lack of basic essentials.
Opportunity cost of K2 – K1 capital goods
is C1 – C2 consumer goods sacrificed.
Sacrifice
Gain
14. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Growth and Production
Possibility Frontiers
C1
Capital Goods
Consumer Goods
A
B
1. Economic growth when a
country is operating below
capacity – more of both capital
and consumer goods are made
available as the economy
moves from point A to point B
K1
K2
C2
15. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Growth and Production Possibility
Frontiers
C1
Consumer Goods
A
B
K1
K2
C2
2. Country operating at full
capacity but discovers new
resources or find ways of
improving the efficiency of
existing resources, for example,
education of the population to
improve the quality of human
capital.
Capital Goods
16. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Growth and Production
Possibility Frontiers
C1
Consumer Goods
A
B
K1
K2
C2
3. Disproportionate shift in PPF
caused by investment in resources
suitable for producing certain types of
goods – for example, investment
from overseas may generate growth
in the production of consumer goods
as opposed to capital goods – is such
investment of long term benefit to a
developing country?
Capital Goods
17. http://www.bized.co.uk
Copyright 2007 – Biz/ed
Growth and Production
Possibility Frontiers
C2
Consumer Goods
A
B
K2
K1
C1
Capital Goods
4. Disproportionate shift in PPF as a
result of investment in resources that
favour generation of capital goods –
may not initially seem to have major
impact on the standard of living of the
country but may have long term
benefits in enabling more sustainable
long term growth.