The document discusses key concepts around sustainable development and the environment. It begins with defining what it means to be environmentally friendly or eco-friendly, noting the importance of conserving natural resources. Next, it outlines 15 easy ways for individuals to become more environmentally friendly, such as being more aware of resource usage, practicing conservation, and reducing harmful chemicals. It then covers energy and waste management, defining waste-to-energy as a process for recovering energy from non-recyclable waste. Finally, it discusses principles of sustainable tourism, including enhancing community well-being while protecting the natural environment.

1. Video Sessions By
Dr. Amit Tiwari
Assistant Professor
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel
Management , Gwalior
Topics to be covered
Eco Friendly Practices
Energy and Waste Management
Concept of Sustainable
Development

2. What is Being Environmentally
Friendly or Eco Friendly?
There are a surprising amount of people, businesses
and communities that would like to do more to
conserve and protect our natural resources, but they
don’t know where to begin with becoming more
environmentally friendly.
Understanding what makes each of these aspects of
our world part of the process of changing and
conserving our resources; and learning how to be
more environment friendly.
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3. Thus the real meaning is …
“Environmentally friendly,
environment-friendly, eco-
friendly, nature-friendly, and
green are marketing claims
referring to goods and services,
laws, guidelines and policies
that inflict reduced, minimal, or
no harm at all, upon ecosystems
or the environment.”

4. Why it’s Important to Become
Environmentally Friendly
 You can’t just point towards one business or practice and blame
them for all of our environmental woes, everything fits together
like a puzzle.
 The more that we all do our part – the faster we will create an
entire ecology of living that promotes sustainability.
 The first step is to begin to understand the basics of what each
part of life can do to become more environmentally friendly.
 The next step is to begin to learn to make different choices on a
personal level that start to change your awareness, and
consumption of resources.
 The changes are surprisingly easy to make, there are more ways
than you can imagine to begin to practice conservation.
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5. 15 Easy Ways to Become More
Environmentally Friendly
 Become More Aware of Resources
 Practice Conservation
 Plant Trees
 Conserve Water
 Change Your Travel Habits
 Use Less Fossil Fuel Based Products
 Buy Locally Grown Products
 Reduce Use of Harmful Chemicals
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6. …..
 Buy Recycled Products
 Composting
 3 R’s of Waste Hierarchy
 Join Environment Groups
 Stop Littering
 Protect Wildlife
 Educate others
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7. Energy and
Waste
Management

8. The Best way of Energy and
waste management is ..
Waste-to-Energy
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9. What is Waste-to-Energy?
WtE refers to a family of technologies that treat waste to recover energy in the form of heat,
electricity or alternative fuels such as biogas. The scope of the term ‘Waste-to-Energy’ is very
wide, encompassing a range of technologies of different scales and complexity.
These can include the production of cooking gas in household digesters from organic waste,
collection of methane gas from landfills, thermal treatment of waste in utility size incineration
plants, co-processing of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in cement plants or gasification.
This guide takes a very broad understanding of WtE, referring to large scale plants at the
municipal level (i.e. utility size) using the technologies of incineration, co-processing,
anaerobic digestion, landfill gas collection and pyrolysis/gasification.
These five technologies apply to different waste streams and have different functions and
characteristics.
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10. Key findings and
recommendations
• Waste reduction through prevention should
take priority, followed by preparation for re-
use and the material recycling of waste.
• Waste to Energy projects can be
categorized as a complementary
technology for the recovery of energy from
remaining non-recyclable MSW fractions,
and should therefore not compete with
waste reduction, reuse and material
recycling measures.
The
development
of MSWM
systems
should
follow the
waste
hierarchy:
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11. ……
• A comprehensive legal framework for
all types of Waste to Energy exists in
a few cases only. Where laws are not
available or existing ones cannot be
enforced,
• The high emission standards required
will not be achieved. Low emission
standards shall not be tolerated as
they have irreversible health impacts.
Waste to
Energy
must fulfill
high
emission
standards:
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12. …..
• Waste quantities will double
in the next 20 years in
many cities but consistent
waste management plans,
which consider ,
demographic and social
changes, are often missing
Waste to
Energy requires
knowledge on
waste
quantities and
characteristics:
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13. ……
• Secure finance for
operation and
maintenance is a key
for sustainable
operation of Waste to
Energy plants.
Waste to
Energy
requires
significant
financial
resources:
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14. Energy and waste management
(50: 50 )
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15. Urbanization and new Challenges in
Waste Management
The 21st century will be the century of the cities. The urban population of the world has
grown rapidly since 1950, from 746 million to 3.9 billion in 2014 [2]. According to UN data
it is expected to increase up to 9.7 billion by2050, with nearly 90 per cent of the increase
to take place in the urban areas of Africa and Asia.
Already today, the global amounts of municipal solid waste are estimated at 2 billion
tonnes per year.
Unlike world population and urbanization trends, there are no UN forecasts of future
waste generation per capita,
There is a common understanding that waste quantities will substantially increase. The
drivers are increased consumption of goods in growing urban populations, changes in
lifestyle, and increasing wealth of the rising middle class.
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16. Waste-to-Energy: a Temptation
for Municipalities
Dealing with the issue of waste-to-energy means
reaching a new level of complexity in an already
challenging waste management situation.
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17. Challenges
Nevertheless, Waste to Energy
technologies can improve waste
management in fast-growing cities of
developing and emerging countries but its
application is complex and must consider,
amongst others, the
following specific circumstances:
And they are as ……
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18.  Lower calorific value in MSW than in industrialized countries due to the high
moisture (high organic content) and mineral content in waste (e.g. ash,
construction and demolition waste);
»» Substantial seasonal change in waste composition (i.e. changing
consumption pattern during festival seasons, seasonal crops);
»» Limited practice of waste segregation at source, a precondition for
anaerobic digestion;
»» Weak business and operation models;
»» Lack of knowledge on how to operate and maintain Waste to Energy
plants;
»» High investment and operating costs which cannot be recovered by
existing waste fees and generated additional
income from energy sales alone;
»» Neglecting of livelihood issues for marginalized persons and informal
sector workers dependent on the availability
of recyclables in the waste;
»» Lack of monitoring and weak enforcement of environmental standards,
leading to public health issues.
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19. Waste-to-Energy and the
Circular Economy
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20. The Fundamentals of WTE
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
3Rs concept (as an
integrated element of
a circular economy) in
the order of “reduce,
reuse and recycle”:
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21. Reducing
Reducing:
First priority in waste management must be an overall
reduction of solid waste quantities ,e.g. food waste,
packaging, unnecessary waste of raw materials and
energy during production processes. Reducing waste
also reduces the cost of waste collection and treatment.
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22. Re-using
Reuse
• Second priority should be
given to the reuse of
materials, i.e. a discarded
product is cleaned and
repaired to be used again.
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23. Recycle
• The third priority in the 3Rs concept is
to recycle materials, i.e. to collect
waste and to transform it into as
econdary raw material.
• Recycling of e.g. plastic or paper can
normally save more energy in the
production of products than the
energy that can be produced in waste-
to-energy plants from these materials.
Recycling:
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24. Myths around Waste-to-Energy
 Energy recovery from MSW has a role in the circular
economy when used for non-recyclable and hazardous
waste fractions, respecting environmental standards and
carefully considering social aspects.
 However, its integration in developing and emerging
countries is still in the initial stages. Responsible options
may be offered by some firms, however many discussions
on this topic can be biased and non-transparent.
 It is important to be aware of several common myths that
persist around Waste-to-Energy and may be pushed by
inexperienced companies looking to take advantage of
municipalities:
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25. Myths are ….
 Myth 1: “WtE is an easy going solution to get rid of all the
waste problems in a city”
 Myth 2: “A WtE plant can finance its costs exclusively
through the sale of recovered energy”
 Myth 3: “With a WtE plant in operation, a big fraction of
the energy demand of a city can be covered”
 Myth 4: “You can make gold from garbage; even unsorted
waste can be sold with profit to be used for further energy
and material recovery”
 Myth 5: “Qualified and experienced international
companies are queuing up to invest and operate large
WtE plants in developing and emerging countries at their
own risk”
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26. PRE-CONDITIONS FOR
WASTE-TO-ENERGY
Planning and tendering
Obligations of operators
Prerequisites for permitting
Safety and environmental standards
Monitoring of the compliance with
safety and environmental standards
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27. Principles of
sustainable
tourism

28. A common definition of sustainable
tourism development
 "Sustainable tourism development meets the
needs of present tourists and host regions while
protecting and enhancing opportunity for the
future. It is envisaged as leading to management
of all resources in such a way that economic,
social, and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while
maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, biological diversity, and life support
system." [WTO 1998
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29. In other words, sustainable
tourism development is
 In other words, sustainable tourism
development is ecologically sustainable,
economically viable as well as ethically and
socially equitable. It respects the fragile
environmental balance that characterizes
many tourism destinations, particularly in
environmentally sensitive areas; and it is
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30. Sustainable tourism is
characterized by
 Enhancing the well-being of communities
 Supporting the protection of the natural and
cultural environment
 Recognizing product quality and tourist
satisfaction
 Applying adaptive management and
monitoring
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31. The End
Thanks for watching
Session on PPT can be visulised on
Youtube
Link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ssy6HEv
vIM&t=2371s
Do watch and do learn
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