Ecotoxicology studies the effects of toxic chemicals like pesticides on biological organisms from the population to ecosystem levels. Pesticides have widespread environmental impacts beyond their intended targets, polluting air, water, soil and food chains. This can harm wildlife like birds, fish and amphibians through poisoning, reducing their habitats and food sources, or bioaccumulation up the food chain. Pesticide exposure poses risks to human health too, and can cause issues ranging from mild irritation to birth defects, cancer, nervous system effects and even death depending on the toxicity and length of exposure.
Definition Cause, effects and control measures of :- a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise
pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies.
Definition Cause, effects and control measures of :- a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise
pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies.
Running Head: POND ECOSYSTEM 1
POND ECOSYSTEM 3
Chemicals on Pond Ecosystem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
Abstract
Farm pond ecosystem ought to be managed well for better results. For instance, in our case, it is important to eradicate the invasive plants in order to protect the other beneficial aquatic animals. There are several techniques which can be used in eradicating invasive plants in ponds ranging from mechanical to chemical to cultural. Each technique has pros and cons. Chemical techniques of controlling invasive species save time and involve little labor. However, the chemicals have huge negative impacts on other organisms such as fish. This essay will address the pros and cons of using chemicals in the eradication of invasive aquatic plants.
Introduction
Ponds comprise of complex systems that support the lives of many microorganisms. Phytoplankton is the basis of aquatic life in the pond ecosystem. These refer to small photosynthetic organisms which are usually single-celled. They are also referred to as algae. Zooplanktons are other small organisms which live in farm ponds and they are members of the animal kingdom that are found on the surface of the water. Examples of zooplankton include cladocerans, rotifers, and copepods. Zooplankton such as crustaceans, insects, and tadpoles consume phytoplankton. Larger animals (invertebrates) like bivalves (fingernail clams), annelids (leeches), gastropods (snails), decapods (crayfish), oligochaetes (worms), and insects consume the small animals. The above creates a complex food web that takes place in the pond ecosystem.
The pros of using chemicals to eradicate invasive plants include the following: will kill the target plants, saves time, effective tool for new and small infestations of invasive plants, less labor intensive than other methods such as cultural and mechanical methods, and lastly, it can have residual control of seed-bank for future years depending on the type of chemical used (Relyea, 2005). Use of chemicals will eradicate all the targeted species or plants. This means all the invasive plants will be destroyed giving room for other beneficial organisms. Secondly, the method is simple and involves simple procedures. This means that it saves time compared to other techniques. In terms of labor, the pond owner is only expected to spray the area with the best chemical and all targeted species will die.
Use of chemicals is also believed to have some disadvantages or negative impacts on aquatic life. This is because the chemicals will kill or affect the other organisms living in the water. For instance, the chemical used to prevent and control invasive plants can have a harmful impact on small microorganisms which.
Running Head: POND ECOSYSTEM 1
POND ECOSYSTEM 3
Chemicals on Pond Ecosystem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
Abstract
Farm pond ecosystem ought to be managed well for better results. For instance, in our case, it is important to eradicate the invasive plants in order to protect the other beneficial aquatic animals. There are several techniques which can be used in eradicating invasive plants in ponds ranging from mechanical to chemical to cultural. Each technique has pros and cons. Chemical techniques of controlling invasive species save time and involve little labor. However, the chemicals have huge negative impacts on other organisms such as fish. This essay will address the pros and cons of using chemicals in the eradication of invasive aquatic plants.
Introduction
Ponds comprise of complex systems that support the lives of many microorganisms. Phytoplankton is the basis of aquatic life in the pond ecosystem. These refer to small photosynthetic organisms which are usually single-celled. They are also referred to as algae. Zooplanktons are other small organisms which live in farm ponds and they are members of the animal kingdom that are found on the surface of the water. Examples of zooplankton include cladocerans, rotifers, and copepods. Zooplankton such as crustaceans, insects, and tadpoles consume phytoplankton. Larger animals (invertebrates) like bivalves (fingernail clams), annelids (leeches), gastropods (snails), decapods (crayfish), oligochaetes (worms), and insects consume the small animals. The above creates a complex food web that takes place in the pond ecosystem.
The pros of using chemicals to eradicate invasive plants include the following: will kill the target plants, saves time, effective tool for new and small infestations of invasive plants, less labor intensive than other methods such as cultural and mechanical methods, and lastly, it can have residual control of seed-bank for future years depending on the type of chemical used (Relyea, 2005). Use of chemicals will eradicate all the targeted species or plants. This means all the invasive plants will be destroyed giving room for other beneficial organisms. Secondly, the method is simple and involves simple procedures. This means that it saves time compared to other techniques. In terms of labor, the pond owner is only expected to spray the area with the best chemical and all targeted species will die.
Use of chemicals is also believed to have some disadvantages or negative impacts on aquatic life. This is because the chemicals will kill or affect the other organisms living in the water. For instance, the chemical used to prevent and control invasive plants can have a harmful impact on small microorganisms which.
A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. Pesticides include herbicides for destroying weeds and other unwanted vegetation, insecticides for controlling a wide variety of insects, fungicides used to prevent the growth of molds and mildew, disinfectants for preventing the spread of bacteria, and compounds used to control mice and rats. Because of the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Scientists do not yet have a clear understanding of the health effects of these pesticide residues. The Agricultural Health Study, an ongoing study of pesticide exposures in farm families, also posts results online. Other evidence suggests that children are particularly susceptible to adverse effects from exposure to pesticides, including neurodevelopmental effects. People may also be exposed to pesticides used in a variety of settings including homes, schools, hospitals, and workplaces.
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersTTEH
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences by Syed Hasnain Shah*, Tanzeelur Rahman, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Syeda Tayyaba Bibi and Saqib Zahoor in Crimson Publishers: Health informatics
Harmful algae reproduction (HAB) occurs when algae producing toxins grow in water algae are microscopic organisms that live in an aquatic environment and through photosynthesis generate chemical energy from sunlight like higher plants. The growth of algae or algal blooms is visible with naked eye and are green layers, it might be blue, red or brown depending on the type of algae natural waters such as lakes, ponds and rivers always contain algae, but few species produce toxins In such algae, the production of toxins can be induced by environmental conditions like light, temperature and nutrients levels. The release of algae or algae toxins can have serious adverse effects on humans, fish, animals and other strata of the ecosystem
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000519.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more Articles on Health informatics
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/index.php
Ahmed Alothman Barr, Regina L ENGL 1110 462015 .docxgalerussel59292
Ahmed Alothman
Barr, Regina L
ENGL 1110
4/6/2015
Knutson, R. A, Taylor, C. R., Pen son, J. B. And Smith, E. G. “Safer Crops by Chemicals”
Associates, College Station, (1990). Retrieved March 2015
Knutson Taylor, Pen non and Smith mentioned that chemicals are hazardous substances
whose objective is to execute Pests. There is a high range of differentiated sorts of chemicals, with
varying uses. Some are extraordinarily intended to murder bugs, while others kick out parasites or
bacteria, some are utilized to execute rodents, and a developing sum is utilized to slaughter weeds.
On the other hand, the vast majority of these chemicals are likewise harmful to Pests as well as to
numerous types of plants and creatures, including people. Little amounts of these chemicals could
slaughter a man, make them sick or reason other long haul wellbeing issues. Pesticides are
chemicals that slaughter bothers (2015).
This article answers one of my research questions. The question asks about why do farmers
use chemicals. Farmers use chemicals to slaughter bugs, infections or weeds that could harm their
harvests, reducing the crop yields. Most agriculturists feel insecure since consumer protection is not
guaranteed when pests strike making the benefits minimized without chemicals. Lower yields are as
a result of low quality as a result of the harm caused by the notorious pests. With them serially
visiting the flourishing crops, there is no guarantee of safety, either on the grounds that they would
have lower yields or their items would have low quality. Worth noting, organic products with a
decent looking smooth skin can be marketed and sold at very impressive higher costs than natural
products with terrible looking and unpleasant skin. Ranchers shower to moderate harvest harm
created by bugs. A vermin is any natural organic entity that poses a threat to human living by
destroying crops and comprises weeds, pathogens, as well as arthropods, which impact greatly on
the quality of yields once meddled with them. Some of the impact felt by the crop yields are
permanent and cannot be reversed; translating to irrecoverable loses borne by customers that are as
a result of high production costs.
Human beings make very important steps and commit much of their energy in their pursuit
to keep the crops free from vermin and related diseases; it is easy to help in crop diseases control by
using crop assurance tools, stunning a range animal weed variety that includes plant maladies and
bugs that harm crops. Ranchers face ultimate tasks to try to keep these difficulties a bay all season,
it matters little whether they are natural or customary. The crop insurance items differ by
environment, topographical area as well as atmosphere, requiring every homestead to be secure in
the range of product items. Pesticides impact greatly where they land, whether on the crops or the
person spraying and the effect may ra.
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
Crop susceptibility to pest damage may be influenced by differences in plant health mediated by soil management ~ New England Vegetable and Fruit Conference, Manchester, NH
Running Head: POND ECOSYSTEM 1
POND ECOSYSTEM 3
Chemicals on Pond Ecosystem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
Abstract
Farm pond ecosystem ought to be managed well for better results. For instance, in our case, it is important to eradicate the invasive plants in order to protect the other beneficial aquatic animals. There are several techniques which can be used in eradicating invasive plants in ponds ranging from mechanical to chemical to cultural. Each technique has pros and cons. Chemical techniques of controlling invasive species save time and involve little labor. However, the chemicals have huge negative impacts on other organisms such as fish. This essay will address the pros and cons of using chemicals in the eradication of invasive aquatic plants.
Introduction
Ponds comprise of complex systems that support the lives of many microorganisms. Phytoplankton is the basis of aquatic life in the pond ecosystem. These refer to small photosynthetic organisms which are usually single-celled. They are also referred to as algae. Zooplanktons are other small organisms which live in farm ponds and they are members of the animal kingdom that are found on the surface of the water. Examples of zooplankton include cladocerans, rotifers, and copepods. Zooplankton such as crustaceans, insects, and tadpoles consume phytoplankton. Larger animals (invertebrates) like bivalves (fingernail clams), annelids (leeches), gastropods (snails), decapods (crayfish), oligochaetes (worms), and insects consume the small animals. The above creates a complex food web that takes place in the pond ecosystem.
The pros of using chemicals to eradicate invasive plants include the following: will kill the target plants, saves time, effective tool for new and small infestations of invasive plants, less labor intensive than other methods such as cultural and mechanical methods, and lastly, it can have residual control of seed-bank for future years depending on the type of chemical used (Relyea, 2005). Use of chemicals will eradicate all the targeted species or plants. This means all the invasive plants will be destroyed giving room for other beneficial organisms. Secondly, the method is simple and involves simple procedures. This means that it saves time compared to other techniques. In terms of labor, the pond owner is only expected to spray the area with the best chemical and all targeted species will die.
Use of chemicals is also believed to have some disadvantages or negative impacts on aquatic life. This is because the chemicals will kill or affect the other organisms living in the water. For instance, the chemical used to prevent and control invasive plants can have a harmful impact on small microorganisms which.
Running Head: POND ECOSYSTEM 1
POND ECOSYSTEM 3
Chemicals on Pond Ecosystem
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
Abstract
Farm pond ecosystem ought to be managed well for better results. For instance, in our case, it is important to eradicate the invasive plants in order to protect the other beneficial aquatic animals. There are several techniques which can be used in eradicating invasive plants in ponds ranging from mechanical to chemical to cultural. Each technique has pros and cons. Chemical techniques of controlling invasive species save time and involve little labor. However, the chemicals have huge negative impacts on other organisms such as fish. This essay will address the pros and cons of using chemicals in the eradication of invasive aquatic plants.
Introduction
Ponds comprise of complex systems that support the lives of many microorganisms. Phytoplankton is the basis of aquatic life in the pond ecosystem. These refer to small photosynthetic organisms which are usually single-celled. They are also referred to as algae. Zooplanktons are other small organisms which live in farm ponds and they are members of the animal kingdom that are found on the surface of the water. Examples of zooplankton include cladocerans, rotifers, and copepods. Zooplankton such as crustaceans, insects, and tadpoles consume phytoplankton. Larger animals (invertebrates) like bivalves (fingernail clams), annelids (leeches), gastropods (snails), decapods (crayfish), oligochaetes (worms), and insects consume the small animals. The above creates a complex food web that takes place in the pond ecosystem.
The pros of using chemicals to eradicate invasive plants include the following: will kill the target plants, saves time, effective tool for new and small infestations of invasive plants, less labor intensive than other methods such as cultural and mechanical methods, and lastly, it can have residual control of seed-bank for future years depending on the type of chemical used (Relyea, 2005). Use of chemicals will eradicate all the targeted species or plants. This means all the invasive plants will be destroyed giving room for other beneficial organisms. Secondly, the method is simple and involves simple procedures. This means that it saves time compared to other techniques. In terms of labor, the pond owner is only expected to spray the area with the best chemical and all targeted species will die.
Use of chemicals is also believed to have some disadvantages or negative impacts on aquatic life. This is because the chemicals will kill or affect the other organisms living in the water. For instance, the chemical used to prevent and control invasive plants can have a harmful impact on small microorganisms which.
A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. Pesticides include herbicides for destroying weeds and other unwanted vegetation, insecticides for controlling a wide variety of insects, fungicides used to prevent the growth of molds and mildew, disinfectants for preventing the spread of bacteria, and compounds used to control mice and rats. Because of the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Scientists do not yet have a clear understanding of the health effects of these pesticide residues. The Agricultural Health Study, an ongoing study of pesticide exposures in farm families, also posts results online. Other evidence suggests that children are particularly susceptible to adverse effects from exposure to pesticides, including neurodevelopmental effects. People may also be exposed to pesticides used in a variety of settings including homes, schools, hospitals, and workplaces.
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences_ Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersTTEH
Toxic Algae and Their Environmental Consequences by Syed Hasnain Shah*, Tanzeelur Rahman, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah, Syeda Tayyaba Bibi and Saqib Zahoor in Crimson Publishers: Health informatics
Harmful algae reproduction (HAB) occurs when algae producing toxins grow in water algae are microscopic organisms that live in an aquatic environment and through photosynthesis generate chemical energy from sunlight like higher plants. The growth of algae or algal blooms is visible with naked eye and are green layers, it might be blue, red or brown depending on the type of algae natural waters such as lakes, ponds and rivers always contain algae, but few species produce toxins In such algae, the production of toxins can be induced by environmental conditions like light, temperature and nutrients levels. The release of algae or algae toxins can have serious adverse effects on humans, fish, animals and other strata of the ecosystem
https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/fulltext/TTEH.000519.php
For more Open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/
For more Articles on Health informatics
please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com/tteh/index.php
Ahmed Alothman Barr, Regina L ENGL 1110 462015 .docxgalerussel59292
Ahmed Alothman
Barr, Regina L
ENGL 1110
4/6/2015
Knutson, R. A, Taylor, C. R., Pen son, J. B. And Smith, E. G. “Safer Crops by Chemicals”
Associates, College Station, (1990). Retrieved March 2015
Knutson Taylor, Pen non and Smith mentioned that chemicals are hazardous substances
whose objective is to execute Pests. There is a high range of differentiated sorts of chemicals, with
varying uses. Some are extraordinarily intended to murder bugs, while others kick out parasites or
bacteria, some are utilized to execute rodents, and a developing sum is utilized to slaughter weeds.
On the other hand, the vast majority of these chemicals are likewise harmful to Pests as well as to
numerous types of plants and creatures, including people. Little amounts of these chemicals could
slaughter a man, make them sick or reason other long haul wellbeing issues. Pesticides are
chemicals that slaughter bothers (2015).
This article answers one of my research questions. The question asks about why do farmers
use chemicals. Farmers use chemicals to slaughter bugs, infections or weeds that could harm their
harvests, reducing the crop yields. Most agriculturists feel insecure since consumer protection is not
guaranteed when pests strike making the benefits minimized without chemicals. Lower yields are as
a result of low quality as a result of the harm caused by the notorious pests. With them serially
visiting the flourishing crops, there is no guarantee of safety, either on the grounds that they would
have lower yields or their items would have low quality. Worth noting, organic products with a
decent looking smooth skin can be marketed and sold at very impressive higher costs than natural
products with terrible looking and unpleasant skin. Ranchers shower to moderate harvest harm
created by bugs. A vermin is any natural organic entity that poses a threat to human living by
destroying crops and comprises weeds, pathogens, as well as arthropods, which impact greatly on
the quality of yields once meddled with them. Some of the impact felt by the crop yields are
permanent and cannot be reversed; translating to irrecoverable loses borne by customers that are as
a result of high production costs.
Human beings make very important steps and commit much of their energy in their pursuit
to keep the crops free from vermin and related diseases; it is easy to help in crop diseases control by
using crop assurance tools, stunning a range animal weed variety that includes plant maladies and
bugs that harm crops. Ranchers face ultimate tasks to try to keep these difficulties a bay all season,
it matters little whether they are natural or customary. The crop insurance items differ by
environment, topographical area as well as atmosphere, requiring every homestead to be secure in
the range of product items. Pesticides impact greatly where they land, whether on the crops or the
person spraying and the effect may ra.
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
Crop susceptibility to pest damage may be influenced by differences in plant health mediated by soil management ~ New England Vegetable and Fruit Conference, Manchester, NH
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024.pdfDr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
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4. Ecotoxicology is the study of the
effects
of toxic chemicals on biological organis
ms, especially at
the population, community, ecosystem
level.
Ecotoxicology is a multidisciplinary field,
which integrates toxicology and ecology.
5. In those ecosystems that are already
impacted by pollution ecotoxicological
studies can inform as to the best course
of action to restore ecosystem
services and functions efficiently.
6. The environmental impact of pesticides is
greater than what is intended by those who
use them.
Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of
herbicides reach a destination other than
there target specices,including non target
species ,air, water, bottom sediments, and
food.
pesticide can contribute to air pollution.
7. Pesticides that are applied to crops and
volatilize and may be blown by winds into
nearby areas ,potentially posing a threat to
wildlife.
The biochemical effects of pesticides
involves, the effects in Water,
Soil,Plants,Animals,Birds,Aquatic life,
Amphibians & Humans.
8. The agents which cause cancer are called as
carcinogen and the phenomenon of cancer
formation is called as carcinogenesis.
Classification of carcinogens
1. Based on the functional Aspects
2. Based on mode of Action
3. Based on origin
4. Based on potency
9. I. Based on the functional Aspects
1) procarcinogen
2) Proximate carcinogen
3)Ultimate carcinogen
4)Synergistic carcinogen
5)Co-carcinogen
6)Anti-carcinogens
13. Pesticides were found to pollute every
streams.
Pesticide residues have also been found in
rain and ground water.
There are four major routes through which
pesticides reach the water: it may drift
outside of the intended area when it is
sprayed, it percolate, or leach, through the
soil, it may carried to the water as runoff,
or it may be spilled
14. They may also be carried to water by eroding
soil.
Factors that affect a pesticide’s ability to
contaminate water include its water
solubility
15. Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are
persistent soil contaminants, whose impact
may endure for decades and adversely affect
soil conservation.
The use of pesticides decreases the general
biodiversity in the soil.
Depending on the chemical nature of the
pesticide,such processes control directly the
transportation from soil to water, and in turn
to air and our food.
16. Breaking down organic substances
,degradation, involves interactions among
microorganisms in the soil.
17. Nitrogenfixation,which is required for growth
of higher plants, is hindered by pesticides in
soil.
the insecticides DDT,methyl parathion, and
especially pentachlorophenol have been
shown to interfere with legume-rhizome
chemical signaling.
Reduction of these symbiotic chemical
signaling results in reduced nitrogen fixation
and thus reduced crop yields.
18. Pesticides can kill bees and are strongly
implicated in pollinator decline, the loss of
species that pollinate plants, including
through the mechanism of colony collapse
Disorder, in which worker bees from a
beehive or Western honey bee colony
abruptly disappear .
Application of pesticides to crops that are in
bloom can kill honeybees, which act as
pollinators.
19. Pesticides inflict extremely widespread
damage to biota, and many countries have
acted to discourage pesticide usage through
their Biodiversity Action Plans.
Animals may be poisoned by pesticide
residues that remain on food after spraying.
Widespread application of pesticides can
eliminate food sources that certain types of
animals need, causing the animals to
relocate, change their diet, or starve.
20. Poisoning from pesticides can travel up the
food chain; for example, birds can be
harmed when they eat insects and worms
that have consumed pesticides.
Earthworms digest organic matter and
increase nutrient content in the top layer of
soil.
They aid in protecting human health by
ingesting decomposing litter and serving as
bio indicators in soil activity while creating a
richer environment.
21. A number of studies have shown that
pesticides have harmful effect on growth and
reproduction on earthworms, which are in
term consumed while terrestrial vertebrates
such as birds and animals small mammals.
Some pesticides can bio accumulate or build
up to toxic levels in the bodies of organisms
that consume them over time, a
phenomenon that impacts species high on
the food chain especially hard.
22. The fish and wild life service estimate that
72 million birds killed by pesticides in the
united states each year
Bald eagles are common examples of non
target organisms that are impacted by
pesticides use.
RACHELCARSON’S landmark book silent
spring dealt with the loss of bird species due
to bio accumulation of the pesticides in the
tissues.
23. Reduction in bird population have been
found to be associated with times and areas
in which pesticides are used.
Some pesticides are come in granular form,
and birds and other wildlife may eat the
granules, mistaking them for grains of food.
A few granules of a pesticides is enough to
kill a small bird.
24. Fish and other aquatic biota may be harmed
by pesticide-contaminated water.
Pesticides surface runoff into rivers and
streams can be highly lethal to aquatic life,
some times killing all the fish in a particular
stream.
Applications of herbicides to bodies of water
can cause fish kills when the dead plants rot
and use up the waters oxygen, suffocating,
the fish.
25. Some herbicides, such as copper sulfite,that
are applied to kill plants are toxic to fish and
other animals at concentrations similar to
those used to kill plants.
Repeated exposure to sub lethal doses of
some pesticides can cause physiological and
behaviour changes in fish that reduce
populations.
26. In the past several decades, decline in
amphibians has been occurring all over the
world, for unexplained reasons which are
through to be varied but of which pesticides
may be a part.
mixtures of multiple pesticides appear to
have a cumulative toxic effect on frogs.
Tadpoles from ponds with multiple pesticides
present in the water take longer to
metamorphosis into frog and are smaller
when they do, decreasing there ability to
catch prey and avoid predators.
27. Pesticides can enter the human body through
inhalation of aerosols, dust and vapour that
contained pesticides, through oral exposure
by consuming food and water, and through
dermal exposure by direct contact of
pesticides with skin.
pesticides are sprayed on to food, especially
fruits and vegitables,they secrete into soils
and ground water which can end up in
drinking water, and pesticides spray can drift
and pollute the air.
28. The effect of pesticides on human health
are more harmful based on the toxicity of
the chemical and the length and magnitude
of exposure.
Farm workers and their families experience
the greatest exposure to agricultural
pesticides through direct contact with the
chemicals.
But every human contains a percentage of
pesticides found in fat samples in their body
29. Exposure to pesticides can range from mild
skin irritation to birth
defects,tumors,genetic changes, blood and
nerve disorders, endocrine disruption, and
even coma or death.
Developmental effects have been associated
with pesticides.
Recent increases in childhood cancers in
throughout North America, such as
leukemia,may be result of genotoxic and non
genotoxic pesticides due to somatic cell
mutations.
30. Insecticides targeted to disrupt insects can
have harmful effects on the nervous systems
of mammals, due to basic similarities in
system structure.
Both chronic and acute alterations have been
observed in those who are exposed
Pesticides can act in the promotion and
proliferation of cancer while causing
hormone imbalance.
DDT and its breakdown product DDE,with
levels still present in the environment,
despite its ban, are known to disturb
estrogenic activity and possibly lead to
breast cancer