Eco 2
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The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of three economic systems: planned economies, market economies, and mixed economies. A planned economy aims to provide for citizens' welfare and avoid wasteful competition, but it lacks freedom of choice and incentives. A market economy produces variety and responds quickly to demand, but may ignore social effects. A mixed economy combines benefits of private enterprise and government intervention, but resources may not be used optimally and private businesses face bureaucratic difficulties.
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- Low economic mobility and poverty/income inequality are issues of how resources and goods/services are distributed throughout society. Economics studies how scarce resources are allocated to meet societies' needs and wants. Unequal distribution of resources can lead to these problems.
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• Supply.
• How you supply your goods, i.e., the distribution chain. For example, through retail stores, distributors, the Internet, etc.
Macroeconomic factors
The macroeconomic environment, on the other hand, refers to things that affect the entire economy. Macroeconomics is concerned with general or large-scale economic factors, such as:
• Unemployment
• Inflation.
• Interest rates.
• GDP growth. GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. In other words, is the economy in recession, is it booming, etc.
• Taxes.
• Exchange rates, i.e., how much currencies are worth in relation to one another.
• How much discretionary income consumers have, i.e., income after paying tax, social security, etc.
• Levels of consumer confidence.
• Savings rates.
Business people cannot control their economic environment. However, they can evaluate conditions in the marketplace before deciding whether to proceed with a plan or project.
In this context, the term ‘marketplace ‘means the same as ‘market‘ in its abstract sense.
________________________________________
Economic environment vs. environmental economics
Do not confuse the term ‘economic environment’ with ‘environmental economics.’ Although they sound similar, their meanings are quite different.
Environmental economics, a sub-field of economics, is all about environmental issues. Since the second half of the last century, environmental economics has become an increasingly popular topic.
Environmental economics looks at the economic effects of local or national environmental policies across the globe. Particular issues include the costs and benefits of alternative environmental policies that deal with water quality, air pollution, and global warming.
Components of Economic Environment
Role of Private and Public sector matters a lot in order to get investment. Because when the investors invest money, they see industry growth and the role of private sectors in the economy.
Rate of growth of GDP, GNP, and Per Capita Income, When the gross domestic product of the economy increases, it brings investment in the economy and show the growth of the economy to the investors.
Transport and Communication System helps to increase the growth of the economy. When the transport system will be good, it will increase the finished goods. When the communication system will effective, it will connect more people and will give them opportunities to do more business.
International Debt also matters in the growth of the economy. if the economy has more international debt, then the investors afraid to invest in the economy and vice-versa
Bussiness Studies
This document discusses different types of management styles and economic systems. It describes Type X and Type Y management, where Type X believes workers need close supervision while Type Y believes workers can be creative and self-motivated. It also discusses autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire management styles. For economic systems, it outlines the key features and advantages and disadvantages of free market, planned, and mixed economies.
Government intervention
The document discusses the concepts of public goods and private goods and the need for government intervention in economies. It defines public goods as indivisible goods like national defense and street lighting that cannot be priced or exclude users. Private goods are divisible and can be priced so users can be excluded. It also discusses the "free rider" problem where individuals may not voluntarily pay for public goods. The document argues that government intervention is needed to address issues like inequality, monopolies, unemployment, instability, and externalities in free market systems. It provides examples of fiscal, monetary, and supply management measures taken by the Indian government to stabilize the economy and reduce inequality.
Typesof economicsystems johnreport
This document discusses four main types of economic systems: traditional, command, market, and mixed. A traditional economy relies on past practices and cultural norms to guide production and distribution. A command economy gives the state control over all economic decisions. A market economy relies on private firms and consumer demand. A mixed economy combines elements of public and private control.
2.economic system and the american economy
The document summarizes the key characteristics of different economic systems and the American mixed economy. It discusses the three questions all economic systems must answer, and defines traditional, command, market, and mixed economies. It then describes the six major characteristics of a pure market economy: little government control, freedom of enterprise, freedom of choice, private property, the profit incentive, and competition. Finally, it identifies the main goals of a free enterprise system as economic freedom, efficiency, equity, security, stability, and growth.
Complete Economic Environment & Business Unit 4 revision
The document provides an overview of complete economic environment and business unit 4 revision notes. It covers several topics related to markets and government intervention, including how markets work, causes of market failure, externalities, regulation, macroeconomic problems, and fiscal and monetary policy options. The key points are that markets can fail due to externalities, public goods, and imperfect competition, leading to inefficient outcomes. Government policies like regulation, taxes, and spending are aimed at addressing market failures and macroeconomic stability goals like growth, employment and price stability.
Unit 5. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
This document provides an overview of economic activities and systems. It defines economic activity as the process of satisfying human material needs through production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It describes the main factors of production as natural resources, capital, and labor. The document then explains different types of economic systems including tradition-based systems, capitalism/free markets, central planning, and mixed economies.
Unit 5. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The document discusses economic activities and sectors. It defines economic activity as satisfying human needs through production of goods and services. The economy is divided into three sectors - the primary sector involves obtaining natural resources, the secondary sector involves manufacturing raw materials and producing capital goods through industry, and the tertiary sector involves intangible services.
Unit 5. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The document discusses economic activities and sectors. It defines economic activity as satisfying human needs through production of goods and services. The economy is divided into three sectors - the primary sector involves obtaining natural resources, the secondary sector involves manufacturing raw materials and producing capital goods through industry, and the tertiary sector involves intangible services.
Economic system
The document discusses three main types of economic systems - market-based economies, command-based economies, and mixed economies. It provides characteristics, examples and benefits/limitations of each system. A market economy relies on supply and demand, private property, and competition. A command economy involves central government planning and control. A mixed economy combines elements of both market and command systems, with public and private sectors co-existing.
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economic systems (market, planned/command and mixed)
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Complete Economic Environment & Business Unit 4 revision
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Elements of short story irene
1) Bruno is curious boy who befriends Shmuel, a boy living in a camp separated by wire fence from Bruno's new home.
2) As Bruno struggles to adjust to his new home and feels homesick, he discovers the camp and the two boys become friends, keeping it secret.
3) Bruno and Shmuel unwittingly follow people into a building, not realizing they were being led to a gas chamber to be killed. Friendship helped Bruno learn not to judge people by their appearance.
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Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang definisi warga negara dan dasar-dasar kewarganegaraan berdasarkan tempat kelahiran (ius soli) atau pertalian darah (ius sanguinis). Disebutkan negara-negara yang menerapkan ius soli seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Meksiko, serta negara-negara yang menerapkan ius sanguinis seperti Jerman, Italia, dan Hungaria.
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The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of three economic systems: planned economies, market economies, and mixed economies. Planned economies aim to provide for citizens' welfare and avoid wasteful competition, but lack freedom of choice and incentives. Market economies efficiently meet consumer demand but may ignore social effects. Mixed economies balance private profits with public welfare, but resources are not always optimally used and private enterprises face government difficulties.
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The document compares the advantages and disadvantages of three economic systems: planned economies, market economies, and mixed economies. A planned economy aims to provide for citizens' welfare and avoid wasteful competition, but it lacks freedom of choice and incentives. A market economy produces variety and responds quickly to demand, but may ignore social effects. A mixed economy combines benefits of private enterprise and government intervention, but resources may not be used optimally and private businesses face bureaucratic difficulties.
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptx
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Eco 2
- 1. The advantages of planned are: The welfare of all citizens is the primary goal of the economic system. Wasteful competition is avoided. Wages are controlled by the state there is no industrial unrest. (Such as strike action) There is greater emphasis on the quantity of life (health, education, elimination of poverty, moral direction) than on the quantity of production (output) in the country. Disadvantages: NO freedom of choice for producers or consumers. Lack of incentives for workers result in low morale efficiency. Managers are also not motivated. The system is too rigid to adjust when changes occur, this can result in shortages. The Advantages of Market are: • The market produces a wide variety of goods and services to meet the consumer's wants. • The free market responds quickly to people's wants. • The market system encourages the use of new and better methods and machines to produce goods and services Disadvantages: Factors of production will be employed if only it's profitable to do so. The free market can fail to provide certain goods and services. The free market may encourage the consumption of harmful goods. The social effects of production may be ignored. The market system allocates more goods and services to those consumers who have more money than others.
- 2. Advantages of Mixed Economy • Since mixed economy involves both government and private enterprises it has the advantage of taking the benefits of capitalist nature of private companies and socialist nature of government. • There is less inequality of income because intent of government is to have a balanced economic growth of an economy. • Mixed economy allows individuals to run their business and make profits but at the same time it places some responsibility on these companies by inducing them to contribute towards the welfare of society. Disadvantages of Mixed Economy • Since welfare of society is important in a mixed economy it leads to lower than optimum use of the resources because government mobilize the resources towards the production of those goods and services which are beneficial for the society as a whole rather than producing those goods and services which in economic terms are more beneficial for an economy. • Under mixed economy private enterprises have to face lot of difficulty because of various government loopholes like favoritism and bureaucratic nature, which is prevalent in mixed economy.