2. STUDENTS AS DATA
The data have landed
First they said they needed data
about the children
to find out what they’re learning.
Then they said they needed data
about the children
to make sure they are learning.
Then the children only learnt
what could be turned into data.
Then the children became data.
Michael Rosen
Discuss concerns about data use re: ethics
Sadly, the report doesn’t discuss the need for ethical considerations for the use of AI in Education
https://tenor.com/view/hole-falling-falling-down-the-hole-cartoon-kitten-gif-5928670
So, let’s go on a journey
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/05/17/chinese-school-uses-facial-recognition-monitor-student-attention/
A Chinese school has installed facial recognition technology to monitor how attentive students are in class.
The system works by identifying different facial expressions from the students, and that information is then fed into a computer which assesses if they are enjoying lessons or if their minds are wandering.
The computer will pick up seven different emotions, including neutral, happy, sad, disappointed, angry, scared and surprised.
If it concludes that the student is distracted with other thoughts during the class, it will send a notification to the teacher to take action.
Loss of daydreaming and creative thought? Create identi-kit students through constant adjustment – students as Pavlov’s dog?
At age 16, citizens are tested for aptitude, as to faction. After which, all choose a faction as their category at the "Choosing Ceremony".
Beatrice "Tris" Prior (Shailene Woodley), whose family is in the Abnegation category, is the main character. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_(film)
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/csme/meas/papers/boaler.html
The results of that study, that related to setting, may be summarised as follows:
• Approximately one-third of the students taught in the highest ability groups were disadvantaged by their placement in these groups because of high expectations, fast-paced lessons and pressure to succeed. This particularly affected the most able girls. • Students from a range of groups were severely disaffected by the limits placed upon their attainment. Students reported that they gave up on mathematics when they discovered their teachers had been preparing them for examinations that gave access to only the lowest grades.
• Social class had influenced setting decisions, resulting in disproportionate numbers of working-class students being allocated to low sets (even after ‘ability’ was taken into account).
• significant numbers of students experienced difficulties working at the pace of the particular set in which they were placed. For some students the pace was too slow, resulting in disaffection, while for others it was too fast, resulting in anxiety. Both responses led to lower levels of achievement than would have been expected, given the students’ attainment on entry to the school.
A range of evidence in that study linked setting to under-achievement, both for students in low and high sets, despite the widely-held public, media and government perception that setting increases achievement. Indeed the evidence was sufficiently broad ranging and pronounced to prompt further research in a wider range of schools.
Gattaca: n "the not-too-distant future", libertarian eugenics is common. A genetic registry database uses biometrics to classify those so created as "valids" while those conceived by traditional means and more susceptible to genetic disorders are known as "in-valids". Genetic discrimination is illegal, but in practice genotype profiling is used to identify valids to qualify for professional employment while in-valids are relegated to menial jobs.
Could learning analytics lead to an education eugenics -> DNA for good learning and intelligence?
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-46060381 - Hologram' lecturers to teach students at Imperial College London
Solution / expansion method for massification of HE?
No need to worry about seating in lecture theatres.
Only live or small group teaching for those that can afford it?
Who determines the curriculum -> global colonialism?
Things can be different
Technology used to enhance pedagogy and enrich the learning experience
Geographically unbound learning
Accessible and inclusive curriculum and learning spaces
Data informed student support and curriculum review
Whole self learning gain
HE as a place for higher learning -> learning to learn, not learning for competitive advantage
We have a choice as a society and as educators to determine our technological imaginary.
We can allow technological developments to continued unchecked, for education to become another cog in the surveillance capitalist machine
Or, we can reclaim our tomorrows