e-Business - Mobile development trends

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Basic Trends of Modern
Software Development

Vladimir Kotov Basic Trends of Modern Software Development
Mobile Development Trends

Vladimir Kotov Basic Trends of Modern Software Development 3
Need an App ...

Version Statistics
December 2012

Smartphone OS Market Share
IDC, 2012 v. 2011

Cross-platform Mobile
Development
Application types
● Native
● Web
● Hybrid
● Cross-compile

Native Apps
Built for a specific platform with the platform SDK, tools and
languages, typically provided by the platform vendor

Native Apps
+
● Speed and reaction
● Native look'n'feel
● Native API
● Debug + Profile
-
● Only 1 platform
● New language?
● Costs
● App review time

When to use native app ?
● Use native app if ...
● You want to achieve native look and feel
● You need top performance
● You want to be on the app store(s)

The Mobile “Server-side” Web
Uses HTML, JavaScript, CSS and runs in a devices browser

● Responsive Design
● Dynamically loads HTML content and assets
● Serves same HTML content and assets for every
device and then scales via CSS using media queries
– e.g. @media screen and (max-width: 650px)

+
● Existing tools
● No license fees
● All platforms with
browser, even your
old Nokia
● Search engine
-
● No app stores
● Limited platform
access (camera,
calendar, etc)
● As fast as your
browser, network
latency

The Mobile “Client-side” Web
Uses HTML5 + JavaScript and runs in a devices browser

● Sencha Touch
● JQueryMobile
● JQTouch
● KendoUI
● GWT Mobile

+
● Existing tools
● No license fees
browser
● Search engine
-
● No app stores
● Limited platform
access (camera,
calendar, etc)
● As fast as your
browser, network
latency

● Use the client-side web if ...
● Need something that looks like an app, but
care less for the sensors of your phone
● You want to prototype a service
● You need crossplatform app (not native)

Hybrid App
HTML5 + JavaScript with a wrapper that gives it native
capabilities

Hybrid App
● Run inside a native
container to leverage the
device’s browser engine
(but not the browser)
● Web-to-native
abstraction layer
enables access to
device capabilities

Hybrid App
+
● Existing tools
● No license fees
browser
● Search engine
-
● As fast as your
browser, network
latency

Hybrid App
● Use hybrid approach if ...
● You want to build your app based on HTML5
● And need access to the phone's hardware

Interpreted and cross-compile

● Appcelerator Titanium
– JavaScript -> Native + Hybrid JS
● MonoTouch
– C# -> Native
● Apache Thrift
– Thrift definition -> Native
● QT

● Use interpreted or cross-compiled app if ...
● You want to use “one language to build them
all”
● Need access to the phone's hardware
● Need semi- or truly native look and feel /
performance

Decision
● Factors
● App size and type
● Platforms
● Developers skills
● Budget
● Monetization
● User experience
● Importance of updates

Decision

Android platform
Android is a Linux-based operating system and a
software stack designed for mobile devices
Key Applications
Home, Phone, Browser
Application Framework
Java layer system services
Middlewares
Libraries, Dalvik VM
Operating system
Linux kernel

Android platform
Developed by Google*
2005 – purchased Android Inc
2007 – established Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
2012 – Oracle v. Google on Java API
Compatibility
Definition
Document
to certify devices
SDK + tools
to create
applications

Android platform
Main hardware platform for Android is ARM
● support for x86 from the Android x86 project
Advanced RISC Machine
● 7.9 billion shipped in 2011
– 95% smartphones
– 90% hard disk drives
● Reduced instruction set computing (RISC)
● Lower costs, Less heat, Less power usage
● Reduced complexity and simpler design
● Good interfacing to many devices

Android Anatomy

Android Linux Kernel
Android kernel based on Linux 2.6 and 3.x (Android 4.0)
● Why Linux?
● Great memory and process management
● Permissions-based security model
● Proven driver model
● Support for shared libraries
● Open source

Android “is not Linux”
● Users never see Linux sub system
● Not the full set of standard Linux utilities
● August 2011, Linus Torvalds - "eventually Android and
Linux would come back to a common kernel, but it will
probably not be for four to five years"

Android patch of kernel enhancements
● Power Management
● Ashmem
● Binder IPC
● Low Memory Killer
December 2011 - Android Mainlining
Project to put some Android drivers,
patches and features back into the
Linux kernel

Android Native Libraries

Android offer
The first open* and comprehensive platform for mobile
devices
● an operating system, user-interface and applications
● a mobile phone without the proprietary obstacles that
have hindered mobile innovation
● an open-source development platform

Android offer
● Apps are equivalent parts of the phone
using the same API
● Reuse and replacement of application
components
● GSM, EDGE, 3G, 4G, LTE data transfer
● Comprehensive location-based APIs
● Wi-Fi hardware access and peer-to-peer
connection

Android offer
● Full multimedia hardware control, media
libraries
● APIs for sensor hardware
● Libraries for Bluetooth and NFC
● Shared data stores and APIs for contacts,
social networking
● Background Services, applications, and
processes
● Home-screen Widgets and Live Wallpaper

e-Business - Mobile development trends

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