RUNNING HEAD: EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 1 EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 9 Ebola is Manageable Name DeVry University Ebola is Manageable A dog was put to death in Spain for fear that it may have contracted Ebola from its owner, who was infected by the disease. The action might have been an overreaction on the part of Spain's officials, but it showed the fears of the general public. The media has been overflowing with Ebola news ever since the outbreak of the epidemic in West Africa, but more so because the disease has infiltrated the United States with the first confirmed case being reported in Dallas. One might understand that the public has every right to be fearful, even paranoid of Ebola, but their feelings are based on limited information concerning Ebola. With the right information concerning facts, transmission, and management of the disease, the public may change there attitude towards Ebola. Though the disease has spread at an alarming rate, it is possible to manage Ebola so as to prevent further loss of lives. Facts regarding Ebola In March 2014, an Ebola epidemic was reported in West Africa, and it has since spread to other parts of the world, including the United States of America, other parts of Africa, and Spain. Ebola is a rare disease caused by the Ebola virus. The Ebola virus was first reported in 1976 near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It affects both humans and nonhuman primates such as monkeys and gorillas. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCC, 2014), 3,400 people have died from the disease, the most affected regions being Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. What Causes Ebola? Ebola has only one cause that is the infection of the Ebola Virus. There are no any other probable causes of Ebola. Causes of Ebola: The Ebola Virus The Ebola virus originated from a river in the Democratic Republic of Congo where the first acknowledgement of the disease was conducted. The Ebola virus is one of the two members of the RNA virus family known as Filoviridae. There are four subtypes of Ebola Virus that have been identified in which three of the four are responsible for the disease in humans (Sullivan et.al, 2003). Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and the final subtype is the Ebola-Reston that has caused disease in primates that are non-human and not humans. The actual origin, location and natural habitat of the Ebola Virus still remains unknown, however, on the basis of the available proof and nature of viruses that are similar, it is believed that the Ebola virus lives in an animal host that remains to be native in Africa. The exact animal is still yet not known. There is still uncertainty regarding the animal host for the Ebola virus as well us how the Ebola virus outbreak occurs. There is a hypothesis by researchers that the first continent patient of Ebola acquires the virus through contact with an animal that is infected (Sullivan et.al, 2003). Causes of Ebola: T.

1. RUNNING HEAD: EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 1
EBOLA IS MANAGEABLE 9
Ebola is Manageable
Name
DeVry University
Ebola is Manageable
A dog was put to death in Spain for fear that it may have
contracted Ebola from its owner, who was infected by the
disease. The action might have been an overreaction on the part
of Spain's officials, but it showed the fears of the general
public. The media has been overflowing with Ebola news ever
since the outbreak of the epidemic in West Africa, but more so
because the disease has infiltrated the United States with the
first confirmed case being reported in Dallas. One might
understand that the public has every right to be fearful, even
paranoid of Ebola, but their feelings are based on limited
information concerning Ebola. With the right information
concerning facts, transmission, and management of the disease,
the public may change there attitude towards Ebola. Though the
disease has spread at an alarming rate, it is possible to manage
Ebola so as to prevent further loss of lives.
Facts regarding Ebola
In March 2014, an Ebola epidemic was reported in West Africa,
and it has since spread to other parts of the world, including the
United States of America, other parts of Africa, and Spain.
Ebola is a rare disease caused by the Ebola virus. The Ebola
virus was first reported in 1976 near the Ebola River in the

2. Democratic Republic of Congo. It affects both humans and
nonhuman primates such as monkeys and gorillas. According to
the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCC, 2014),
3,400 people have died from the disease, the most affected
regions being Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria.
What Causes Ebola?
Ebola has only one cause that is the infection of the Ebola
Virus. There are no any other probable causes of Ebola.
Causes of Ebola: The Ebola Virus
The Ebola virus originated from a river in the Democratic
Republic of Congo where the first acknowledgement of the
disease was conducted. The Ebola virus is one of the two
members of the RNA virus family known as Filoviridae. There
are four subtypes of Ebola Virus that have been identified in
which three of the four are responsible for the disease in
humans (Sullivan et.al, 2003).
Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and the final
subtype is the Ebola-Reston that has caused disease in primates
that are non-human and not humans. The actual origin, location
and natural habitat of the Ebola Virus still remains unknown,
however, on the basis of the available proof and nature of
viruses that are similar, it is believed that the Ebola virus lives
in an animal host that remains to be native in Africa. The exact
animal is still yet not known.
There is still uncertainty regarding the animal host for the Ebola
virus as well us how the Ebola virus outbreak occurs. There is
a hypothesis by researchers that the first continent patient of
Ebola acquires the virus through contact with an animal that is
infected (Sullivan et.al, 2003).
Causes of Ebola: Transmission
The moment the Ebola virus infects the first person, scientists
understand that the spread of the Ebola virus is from human to
human and it occurs though direct contact with patients having
Ebola or their body fluids, like blood and secretions. The spread
usually occurs during the final stages of the Ebola transmission
(Sullivan et.al, 2003). The acquisition of Ebola virus does not

3. make a person be sick immediately, the victim remains normal
for about 2-21 days. However, there is the multiplication of the
Ebola virus in his or her body. The time frame between the
transmission of the virus and the start of the Ebola symptoms is
called the Ebola incubation period.
Ebola is not spread through food, air, or water. It is also not
spread through insects such as mosquitoes or ants. As such, the
chances of it becoming a worldwide epidemic are quite rare as it
has been well managed, with infected people isolated from the
rest of the public, and those in contact with the infected are
kept in quarantine to be evaluated for the disease and to prevent
further spread to other people. As compared to other diseases,
Ebola has a low transmission rate. For every infected Ebola
person, two other people are at risk of being infected. This is
such a low transmission rate, as HIV has a transmission of four
people, smallpox seven people, and measles eighteen people
(Kucharski, Nishiura, & Deeks, 2013). The public do not have a
reason for fearing the disease, and they should regard it just like
any other infection whose chances of transmission are low.
Common Ebola Symptoms
The twitch of Ebola symptoms is fairly often sudden. Common
symptoms of Ebola can include: Fever, Sore throat, Weakness,
Severe headache, Joint and a muscle aches, Vomiting,
Dehydration, Dry, hacking cough, Stomach pain.
In expectant women, abortion (miscarriage) and substantial
vaginal hemorrhage are collective Ebola symptoms. Death
typically occurs in the second week of Ebola signs. Death in
Ebola victims is from enormous blood loss (Sullivan et.al,
2003).
In cases of Ebola, signs characteristically start to develop
within about four to six days after being infected. During the
creation of Ebola diagnosis, the medical practitioners do ask
about the patient's medical history. And even conduct a physical
exam. Early Ebola diagnosis tends to be difficult due to the
understanding that early signs of Ebola can be similar to those
seen with other medical conditions. The doctors may, therefore,

4. always order for lab tests that reveal the virus or antibodies that
trigger the body to fight the Ebola virus.
Reasons for public paranoia
One of the reasons that have led to the public expressing fears
that Ebola can neither be controlled nor halted is that major
airlines have withdrawn their activities from the West African
region, and placed screening checkpoints to assess passengers
for the disease. This has presented the perception that the
country is under attack from the disease. There have been many
cases of misdiagnosis, where individuals infected with other
diseases are first thought of as having Ebola, but are later
cleared from the disease (Lena, Dennis, & Bernstein, 2014).
Such news spread quite fast, with the public being in a frenzy
concerning the likelihood of them being infected as well.
The public has developed the perception that if a developed
nation such as the U.S. Can be under attack from the disease,
the relevant government and health agencies have failed in
containing Ebola. Despite the precautionary measures that have
been taken to curb the spread of the disease, a D.C. Hospital has
confirmed the first Ebola case on American land. As expected,
this has created fear and paranoia within the public, with the
Washington Post stating that the medical practitioners are
unable to manage the spread of the disease. The news center
states that the U.S. has derailed in its response to the epidemic,
and only responded six months after it learned of the outbreak
of the disease (Lena, Dennis, & Bernstein, 2014). Overall, their
ineffective measures may not offer strong resistance against the
spread of the disease.
Ebola Diagnosis: An Overview
An Ebola diagnosis involves asking of questions by a doctor
regarding the present medical situation of a person, family
history as well as the current medication undertaken by the
patient. A lab test exam is also involved in the diagnosis so that
the virus can be identified as well as the antibodies generated
by the body to kill the virus (Sanchez, 2001).
Challenges of Diagnosing Ebola

5. Early diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in a person can be
difficult. A person infected only a few days will have quick
Ebola symptoms, like the red eyes and a skin rash, that are not
particular to the Ebola virus and are seen in other patients with
conditions that happen occasionally.
Ebola Cure
There is no cure to Ebola other than time. On the onset of Ebola
symptoms, supportive care can only be offered by healthcare
providers. Regardless of this care, death still occurs in 50 to 90
percent of cases. The search for a vaccine is still underway and
in as much as it will not be a cure to Ebola it is believed that it
will prevent Ebola hemorrhagic fever from developing in the
first place (Sanchez, 2001). The vaccine is still being tested.
Hope for eradication
Behavior change is key to the Ebola eradication. The scientist
who identified Ebola stated that the best way to contain the
disease is through using protective clothing, proper sanitation,
isolating patients, and quarantining people who haas been in
contact with the affected. Proper preventive measures help to
curb the spread of the disease. The public should be taught to
avoid close contact with people suspected of infection
(Kucharski, Nishiura, & Deeks, 2013).
Scientists have come up with a vaccine that will help cure the
Ebola virus. Naik (2014) reported that a new vaccine has cured
monkeys infected with the disease and has also been seen to
work in two Liberian patients. The vaccine works by providing
the human body with antibodies that fight off the disease up to
five days after infection. Scientists are also working to tests to
detect the disease early, a factor that improves the outcome of
the patient. (Sullivan et.al, 2003).
In conclusion, it is possible to contain Ebola so as to prevent
avert loss of lives, though the disease has spread at an alarming
rate. Without doubt, Ebola is a disease that kills most of the
people who get infected. The rate at which the disease is
spreading is quite alarming, but the virus is manageable
(Sullivan et.al, 2003). Through behavior change entailing

6. proper protective measures and isolation of the infected and
those they have been in contact with, and scientific
breakthroughs that present the introduction of new drugs and
vaccines, Ebola can be controlled and managed, and the public
has to have faith in Science, medical doctors, and disease-
control agencies, as it is just a matter of time before the disease
is eradicated from the face of the earth.
References
Kucharski, J., Nishiura, H., & Deeks, L. (2013). Containing
Ebola virus infection in West Africa. Euro surveillance: bulletin
Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles= European
communicable disease bulletin, 19(36).
Lena H., Dennis, B.,& Bernstein, L. (2014). How Ebola sped
out of control. Washington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2014,
from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2014/10/04/how-
ebola-sped-out-of-control/
Leroy, E. M., Rouquet, P., Formenty, P., Souquiere, S.,
Kilbourne, A., Froment, J. M., ... & Rollin, P. E. (2004).
Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of
central African wildlife. Science, 303(5656), 387-390.
Naik, G. (2014). Ebola Virus Treatment Provides Hope for
Human Cases. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 11,
2014, from http://online.wsj.com/articles/new-treatment-
provides-hope-for-human-ebola-cases-1409331697
Sanchez, A. (2001). Ebola Viruses. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sullivan, N. J., Geisbert, T. W., Geisbert, J. B., Xu, L., Yang,
Z. Y., Roederer, M., ... & Nabel, G. J. (2003). Accelerated
vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human
primates. Nature, 424(6949), 681-684.

7. Transmission. (2014, October 3). Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention. Retrieved October 4, 2014, from
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/index.html
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